Microstructural evolution during reheating of A356 machining chips at semisolid state

The microstructural evolution of A356 machining chips in the semisolid state was studied at different temperatures and holding times. The results showed that the elongated α-Al grains first recrystallized in the semisolid state and then became globular with a high shape factor (SF). Both the temperature and the holding time clearly affected the grain size and SF. When the heating temperature or holding time was increased, the grain size and SF gradually increased and finally became stable. Moreover, the Vickers hardness of primary α-Al grains gradually decreased with increasing heating temperature. The optimal slurry for semisolid processing, with a good combination of grain size and SF, was obtained when the chips were held at 600℃ for 15 min. The semisolid slurry of A356 chips exhibited a lower coarsening rate of α-Al grains than those produced by most of the conventional semisolid processes. The coarsening coefficient was determined to be 436 μm3·s-1 on the basis of the linear Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner (LSW) relationship.     

发泡石膏铸型热烘烤工艺

 采用K型热电偶、多通道温度记录仪、游标卡尺和扫描电镜(SEM)对发泡石膏铸型热烘烤过程温度、尺寸与组织变化进行了试验研究.结果表明,热烘烤过程中铸型内部各点均滞后于工艺温度,各点温差曲线随升温温度与保温时间增加呈逐渐上升趋势.高温下随着发泡石膏铸型内部自由结晶水的脱失与晶型转变反应发生,铸型一维长度方向尺寸先连续下降后略有上升;石膏晶粒形状发生了由细针状逐渐过渡为短粗圆柱状或薄片状,再转变为细针状的变化过程.     

直接使用半固态等温热处理法将工业冷轧ZL104铝合金制备成半固态坯

Semi-solid isothermal heat treatment was proposed to directly process cold-rolled ZL104 aluminum alloys and obtain semi-solid billets. The effects of two process parameters, namely, temperature and processing time, on the microstructure and hardness of the resulting billets were also experimentally examined. Average grain size (AGS) increased and the shape factor (SF) of the grain improved as the process temperature increased. The SF of the grain also increased with increasing processing time, and the AGS was augmented when the processing time was prolonged from 5 to 20 min at 570°C. The hardness of the aluminum alloy decreased because of the increase in AGS with increasing temperature and processing time. The optimal temperature and time for the preparation of semi-solid ZL104 aluminum alloys were 570°C and 5 min, respectively. Under optimal process parameters, the AGS, SF, and hardness of the resulting alloy were 35.88 μm, 0.81, and 55.24 MPa, respectively. The Lifshitz–Slyozov–Wagner relationship was analyzed to determine the coarsening rate constant at 570°C, and a rate constant of 1357.2 μm3/s was obtained.     

播期对高产玉米（15000kg／hm^2）群体籽粒灌浆特征的影响

连续2年3点次在新疆高产玉米区,以郑单958为试材,每隔10d天播种1期,以研究与揭示高产玉米（15000kg／hm^2）条件下播期对群体籽粒灌浆特征的影响及产量形成机制。结果表明：各播期处理玉米产量都接近或达到了15000kg／hm^2,不同播期群体籽粒灌浆过程可以用Logistic方程模拟。随播期推迟,吐丝至最大灌浆速率的天数呈增加趋势、灌浆速率呈降低趋势,但活跃灌浆期尢明显变化。随播期推迟,群体籽粒灌浆的渐增期、线性灌浆期和缓增期的灌浆速率均呈下降趋势．但不同灌浆阶段的持续时间无明显规律。因此,缩短群体籽粒灌浆渐增期持续时间．快速进入线性灌浆期,片提高渐增期、线性灌浆期和缓增期群体籽粒平均灌浆速率,有利于提高群体产遣。在新疆春播玉米高产区。适宜的播期为4月10日～17日。     

Effect of mold rotation on the bifilar electroslag remelting process

A novel electroslag furnace with a rotating mold was fabricated, and the effects of mold rotational speed on the electroslag remelting process were investigated. The results showed that the chemical element distribution in ingots became uniform and that their compact density increased when the mold rotational speed was increased from 0 to 28 r/min. These results were attributed to a reasonable mold speed, which resulted in a uniform temperature in the slag pool and scattered the metal droplets randomly in the metal pool. However, an excessive rotational speed caused deterioration of the solidification structure. When the mold rotational speeds was increased from 0 to 28 r/min, the size of Al₂O₃ inclusions in the electroslag ingot decreased from 4.4 to 1.9 μm. But the excessive mold rotational speed would decrease the ability of the electroslag remelting to remove the inclusions. The remelting speed gradually increased, which resulted in reduced power consumption with increasing mold rotational speed. This effect was attributed to accelerated heat exchange between the consumable electrode and the molten slag, which resulted from mold rotation. Nevertheless, when the rotational speed reached 28 r/min, the remelting speed did not change because of limitations of metal heat conduction. Mold rotation also improved the surface quality of the ingots by promoting a uniform temperature distribution in the slag pool.     

工艺参数对Al-Zr中间合金中初生Al3Zr相的影响

以Al-K2ZrF6为反应体系，采用Al热还原法，研究了不同工艺参数对Al-Zr中间合金凝固过程中初生Al3Zr相的形貌、尺寸、数量及分布状态的影响.结果表明:随着熔体反应温度的增加，Al3Zr晶体的形貌由小块状逐渐长成长条状，尺寸增加，数量减少；当温度低于1000℃，晶体呈现小块状；温度高于1000℃时，晶体呈现长条状；温度为1000℃时，晶体呈现块状和长条状的混合态.与使用铁模相比，采用耐火材料模时，Al3Zr相尺寸增大，数量减小.随着K2ZrF6加入量的增加，Al3Zr相的体积分数增多，尺寸更细小，分布更均匀.     

齿轮闭式锻造新工艺方案的数值模拟研究

齿形充填不满和成形力过高是齿轮闭式锻造典型方案的缺陷。模具几何形状是影响金属塑性流动的主要因素之一,通过改变模具的几何形状可以改变金属的塑性流动。文章通过有限单元法,对3种设计方案进行了二维模拟计算,从数值模拟结果中获得了各方案的应变场和速度场的分布情况,并进行比较分析,得出一种合理可行方案,该方案的坯料沿径向流动速度分布较为均匀;最后,通过三维有限元模拟技术进一步对可行方案进行验证,发现齿轮充填饱满,成形效果较好。     

Effects of size reduction on deformation,microstructure, and surface roughness of micro components for micro metal injection molding

The fabrication of 17-4PH micro spool mandrils by micro metal injection molding was described here. The effects of size reduction on deformation, microstructure and surface roughness were studied by comparing a φ500 μm micro post and a φ1.7 mm cylinder after debinding and sintering. Experimental results show that slumping of the micro posts occurred due to a dramatic increase in outlet vapor pressure initiated at the thermal degradation onset temperature and the moment of gravity. Asymmetrical stress distribution within the micro component formed during the cooling stage may cause warping. Prior solvent debinding and adjustment in a thermal debinding scheme were useful for preventing the deformation of the micro components. Smaller grain size and higher micro hardness due to impeded grain growth were observed for the micro posts compared with the φ1.7 mm cylinder. Surface roughness increased with distance from the gate of the micro spool mandril due to melt front advancement during mold filling and the ensuing pressure distribution. At each position, surface roughness was dictated by injection molding and increased slightly after sintering.     

Development of liquid-nitrogen-cooling friction stir spot welding for AZ31 magnesium alloy joints

A liquid-nitrogen-cooling friction stir spot welding (C-FSSW) technology was developed for welding AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets. The liquid-nitrogen cooling degraded the deformability of the welded materials such that the width of interfacial cracks increased with increasing cooling time. The grain size of the stirred zone (SZ) and the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the C-FSSW-welded joints decreased, whereas that of the thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ) increased with increasing cooling time. The maximum tensile shear load of the C-FSSW-welded joints welded with a cooling time of 5 or 7 s was larger than that of the friction stir spot welding (FSSW)-welded joint, and the tensile shear load decreased with increasing cooling time. The microhardness of the C-FSSW-welded joints was greater than that of the FSSW-welded joint. Moreover, the microhardness of the SZ and the HAZ of the C-FSSW-welded joints increased, whereas that of the TMAZ decreased, with increasing cooling time.     

退火温度对超纯Cr17铁素体不锈钢冷轧板成形性能的影响

对一种铌、钛双稳定化的超纯Cr17铁素体不锈钢的冷轧板进行不同温度的退火实验,探讨了对组织、织构及成形性能的影响.研究结果表明,退火温度是影响成形性能的关键因素.随着退火温度的升高,晶粒的平均尺寸逐渐增大,不均匀化程度逐渐加重.并且,γ纤维织构逐渐增强,α纤维织构逐渐减弱,使-r值逐渐增大,而Δr值变化不大.为了防止"橘皮"缺陷的产生,退火温度应低于1 000℃,平均晶粒尺寸应控制在40μm以下.在保证不产生"橘皮"缺陷的前提下,试验钢的冷轧板经975℃退火后具有最佳的成形性能:-r值高达1.92,Δr值仅为0.12.     

Effects of microrolling parameters on the microstructure and deformation behavior of pure copper

Microrolling experiments and uniaxial tensile tests of pure copper under different annealing conditions were carried out in this paper. The effects of grain size and reduction on non-uniform deformation, edge cracking, and microstructure were studied. The experimental results showed that the side deformation became more non-uniform, resulting in substantial edge bulge, and the uneven spread increased with increasing grain size and reduction level. When the reduction level reached 80% and the grain size was 65 μm, slight edge cracks occurred. When the grain size was 200 μm, the edge cracks became wider and deeper. No edge cracks occurred when the grain size was 200 μm and the reduction level was less than 60%; edge cracks occurred when the reduction level was increased to 80%. As the reduction level increased, the grains were gradually elongated and appeared as a sheet-like structure along the rolling direction; a fine lamellar structure was obtained when the grain size was 20 μm and the reduction level was less than 60%.     

疏松砂岩油藏砾石充填防砂参数优化技术研究

一般地,疏松砂岩油藏成岩性差,泥质含量高,出砂严重,筛管砾石充填防砂是维持油田开发生产的主要工艺。地层出砂粒径发生变化后,生产过程中地层砂进入充填砾石层产生了互混,使油井产液量逐渐下降。在研究地层出砂粒径分布的基础上,在套管外地层亏空处充填砾石粒度中值突破传统的5—6倍地层砂粒度中值的常规做法,以实验为基础,选择了3—4倍地层砂粒度中值的充填砾石,可降低砂砾互混的概率。结合分级充填技术,在现场应用中取得了很好的效果。     

假目标用电热涂层有效电导率模型

为了指导假目标用电热涂层的设计实验,综合考虑量子力学隧道效应以及填料粒子尺寸和形状,建立了假目标用电热涂层有效电导率模型,详细讨论了电热涂层有效电导率以及电导率渗流阈值和填料粒子形状、尺寸、填料体积分数的关系.计算结果表明:渗流阈值随填料粒子尺寸增大而增大,随粒子长短轴比增大而减小;涂层有效电导率在渗流阈值附近有明显突...     

复合树脂修复牙齿楔状缺损的临床观察

Dyract复合充填料可广泛应用于临床。但临床观察显示：单靠材料的化学粘接性而不备洞容易造成充填物脱落,若制备洞型时增加机械固位力,可大大提高成功率,减少患者的复诊率。     

修正的混凝土内硫酸根离子迁移模型研究

研究因硫酸盐侵蚀导致的混凝土密实,建立了基于Fick扩散方程的考虑混凝土孔隙填充和离子迁移时间依赖关系的硫酸根离子迁移模型。模型从已有试验数据中得到了较好验证。硫酸钠溶液环境下,运用Comsol Multiphysics软件模拟混凝土内硫酸根离子的运移,分析了离子在混凝土内随时间和空间的分布以及混凝土的破坏规律。研究表明:混凝土内的硫酸根离子浓度随时间增加逐渐增加,增速急剧降低;随离子侵入深度增加,逐渐降低。孔隙填充对离子随时间侵入的影响很大。考虑密实的混凝土内硫酸根离子含量明显较小。外界硫酸根离子浓度越高,混凝土内离子含量越大,含量随时间的增加差距增加,增幅变化不大。混凝土受硫酸盐侵蚀是逐渐从表面向内的开裂破坏。     

半固态铸造-叠轧深变形制备超细晶A2017合金

利用波浪型倾斜板半固态铸造和叠轧深变形的复合成形模式在等效应变为4.0的条件下制备出了平均晶粒为0.5μm的A2017合金超细晶材料.随着叠轧道次的增加,合金的维氏硬度先增后降,随后缓慢增加.在一定的退火温度下合金组织由亚稳定态向稳定态转变,在200℃保温1 h,晶粒生长比较缓慢,在退火温度高于200℃时晶粒变化明显;随着退火温度的升高,合金组织发生回复与再结晶过程,合金加工硬化逐渐消失,合金的维氏硬度降低.     

放电等离子烧结热变形Nd-Fe-B磁体的磁性能研究

采用放电等离子烧结技术,利用不同速率的快淬薄带制备出各向异性的热变形Nd-Fe-B磁体,运用振动样品磁强计和扫描电子显微镜对热变形磁体的磁性能和微观结构进行研究.结果表明：随着快淬薄带速率的增加,获得最佳磁性能的热变形温度也逐渐增加,三类热变形Nd-Fe-B磁体获得最佳磁性能的热变形温度分别为650,680和700°C;磁体最佳磁性能中的剩磁和最大磁能积随着快淬薄带速率的增加而降低,而内禀矫顽力却略有增加.磁体的晶粒尺寸随着热变形温度的增加而增大;相同热变形温度下,磁体的晶粒尺寸随快淬速率的增加而减小.     

析出粒子对钛微合金化高强钢奥氏体晶粒长大的影响

通过析出粒子与奥氏体晶粒尺寸的定量关系,建立奥氏体晶粒长大模型,计算TiN和TiC析出粒子共同作用下钛微合金化钢奥氏体晶粒尺寸. 根据析出相质点理论计算结果表明:随着加热温度的升高,析出粒子体积分数逐渐减少,粒子半径逐渐增大,TiC粒子强烈阻止奥氏体晶粒长大,TiN粒子对奥氏体晶粒长大钉扎效果一般. 采用实验测试手段测量不同加热温度下保温30 min后实验钢的奥氏体晶粒尺寸,与理论计算结果吻合较好.     

小麦籽粒灌浆特性及其灌浆参数与粒重关系的分析

用Richards方程对新春8号等6个春小麦品种籽粒灌浆过程进行拟合。对各品种的灌浆参数和速率曲线分析表明：新春6号、新春9号和Geleng为典型的强、弱势粒异步灌浆型品种；新春8号、宁春30号和新陇麦15为典型的强、弱势粒同步灌浆型品种。异步灌浆型品种强、弱势粒起始势之间差异较大，强势粒较弱势粒进入灌浆盛期早；同步灌浆型品种强、弱势粒起始势之间差异不大。灌浆过程的渐增期、快增期和缓增期3个阶段对总灌浆物质的贡献分别约占26％、45％和29％．但所需的时间在强、弱势粒和品种间有较大差异。渐增期灌浆速率与千粒重呈极显著负相关；快增期持续天数、缓增期灌浆速率和灌浆活跃期与千粒重呈极显著正相关；灌浆活跃期对千粒重的直接通径系数最大，延长灌浆活跃期对稳定和提高千粒重具有重要意义。     

基于比功率与发动机功率的重型柴油车实际道路排特性研究

重型柴油车在实际道路上的污染物排放备受关注。利用便携式排放测试系统(PEMS)收集了重型柴油货车OBD数据和排放数据,引入重型车比功率(VSP)和发动机功率分别研究了其对柴油车排放的影响及二者间的关系。结果表明,96%以上行驶处于VSP区间[-10 10]kW.t-1,CO、NOx排放随VSP增大先升高后降低;CO2排放随VSP增大而增大。CO、NOx排放随发动机功率增大先升高后降低;CO2排放随发动机功率增大而增大。VSP大于0kW.t-1且发动机功率小于55kW时CO排放因子较高;VSP大于0kW.t-1且发动机功率小于55kW时NOx排放因子较高;随着VSP与发动机功率逐渐增大时CO2的排放因子逐渐增大。该研究成果为重型柴油汽车的排放控制提供了一定的技术参考。