高硫卡林型金精矿中碳质表征及其对生物预氧化提金的影响

为分析金精矿中碳质在生物预氧化提金工艺中的影响,以贵州泥堡高硫卡林型金精矿为原料,以气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析了样品中有机碳可能的有机组分;结合拉曼光谱分析了该碳质在微观空间尺度上碳原子的空间排布特征和规律,并讨论了其与劫金性质的关系;结合劫金指数(PRI)测定以及对不同含金溶液的吸附实验,进一步分析其劫金能力和载金能力;最后结合生物预氧化产品炭浆法(CIP)氰化提金实验,分析了该碳质在实际生物预氧化提金工艺中的影响.结果表明:矿样中有机碳组分为干酪根,其裂解气含有多种干酪根母源有机质,不利于氰化;拉曼光谱分析结果与PRI测试结果吻合,均表明矿样中碳质具有高劫金性质;在实际生物预氧化产品CIP氰化提金过程中,采用添加活性炭与劫金碳质竞争吸附,可减少10.14%已溶出的金被劫金碳质吸附,后续金浸出率可达80.17%.     

Comprehensive recovery of gold and base-metal sulfide minerals from a low-grade refractory ore

The comprehensive recovery of small amounts of valuable minerals such as gold and base-metal sulfide minerals from a low-grade refractory ore was investigated. The following treatment strategy was applied to a sample of this ore: gold flotation–gold concentrate leaching–lead and zinc flotation from the gold concentrate leaching residue. Closed-circuit trials of gold flotation yielded a gold concentrate that assayed at 40.23 g·t-1 Au with a recovery of 86.25%. The gold concentrate leaching rate was 98.76%. Two variants of lead-zinc flotation from the residue—preferential flotation of lead and zinc and bulk flotation of lead and zinc—were tested using the middling processing method. Foam from the reflotation was returned to the lead rougher flotation or lead–zinc bulk flotation, whereas middlings from reflotation were discarded. Sulfur concentrate was a byproduct. The combined strategy of flotation, leaching, and flotation is recommended for the treatment of this kind of ore.     

碳质卡林型金矿细菌氧化-氰化浸出研究

利用混合嗜酸菌对云南某碳质卡林型金矿进行了细菌氧化和氰化浸出的试验研究.研究表明,该矿直接氰化金的回收率非常低,即使采用碳浆浸出的氰化方法,金的回收率只有129%.细菌氧化工艺可以有效地解决硫化物包裹金的问题,大幅度提高金的浸出率,同时利用活性碳的竞争吸附,可以有效地解决碳质物的“劫金”作用,进一步提高金的回收率.通过细菌氧化-碳浆氰化联合处理工艺,金的回收率达到8239%,同时氰化钠的用量降低4968%,因此细菌氧化-碳浆氰化浸出工艺是处理碳质卡林型金矿的有效方法.     

青海某难选金矿石综合回收选矿试验研究

针对青海某微细粒浸染、高砷,原矿氰化浸出率低的难处理金矿石,进行了原矿浮选试验研究,经过三种流程对比试验,最终推荐该金矿的选别流程为粗磨弱酸性条件下,一段粗选、两段扫选、两段精选、的全浮选流程,获得金精矿金品位48.2 g/t,金回收率87.15%的工艺指标.     

低品位原生金矿的生物柱浸

采用粘结剂S-11将某低品位原生金矿的精矿粘结包裹在其原矿矿石上进行生物柱浸与原矿生物柱浸的对比研究.主要研究了生物柱浸过程中Fe2+浓度,pH,Eh,矿石表面吸附的细菌及菌液中游离细菌数量的变化、矿石的脱砷率、脱硫率,生物柱浸后矿石金的氰化浸出率.结果表明:金精矿包裹后的矿石表面因含硫化矿物较多,更适合细菌的吸附与繁殖;包裹生物柱浸120 d后矿石的脱砷率为70.14%,脱硫率为41.26%,金的氰化浸出率为81.21%,比传统生物柱浸矿石的脱砷率、脱硫率和浸金率分别高24.01%,19.11%和21.48%.包裹生物柱浸对矿石的氧化效果明显.     

Process mineralogy characteristics of acid leaching residue produced in low-temperature roasting-acid leaching pretreatment process of refractory gold concentrates

To provide a theoretical basis for a suitable process to extract gold from refractory gold concentrates, process mineralogy on the acid leaching residue of gold calcine was studied by chemical composition, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy-energy spectrum, and mineral dissociation analysis. The results showed that the acid leaching residue contained Au 68.22 g/t, Ag 92.71 g/t, Fe 0.44%, As 0.10%, and S 0.55%. Gold and silver minerals existed as native gold, argentite, and proustite. Quartz, the main gangue mineral, accounted for 78.33wt/%. The dissociation degree analysis showed that the proportions of monomer and exposed gold in acid leaching residue were 96.66wt%. The cyanidation results showed that the cyanide gold leaching rate of acid leaching residues was close to 100wt%. However, the maximum cyanide gold leaching rate of gold calcine was only 85.31wt%. This suggests that acid leaching can increase the gold dissolution rate in the cyanide process.     

低品位双重难处理金矿石工艺矿物学及浸金影响因素

试验所用矿石来自我国云南某金矿,该矿含金2.4 g/t,砷0.97%,碳1.47%.它是典型的低品位含碳双重难处理金矿石,浮选精矿-氰化提金,金浸出率为10.43%;浮选精矿-焙烧-氰化工艺,金浸出率为46.52%,属于极难浸金矿.矿石主要金属矿物为黄铁矿、毒砂.脉石矿物主要为石英、绢云母、白云石、方解石、伊利石黏土矿物等.金的赋存状态绝大多数是"不可见金",主要为次显微、超显微的包裹金以及胶体金.金主要包裹于毒砂和黄铁矿晶体中.矿石中金矿物主要为自然金,少为银金矿.矿石金回收率低的原因主要是包裹金,矿石含砷、碳质以及黏土矿物.     

多金属氧化钼矿工艺矿物学及其综合利用技术研究

对氧化钼矿的工艺矿物学特征及其综合利用技术进行研究.结果表明:氧化钼矿的主要矿物组成为钼华、钼钙矿、褐铁矿、黄铁矿及石英.在磨矿细度为200目以下含量65%时,采用混合浮选工艺,可得钼品位为7.41%的钼精矿,钼回收率为82.18%,其中含铅18.02%、含金7.96 g.t-1、含银1 002 g.t-1;采用联合碱浸法处理钼精矿,可获得钼浸出率为95.61%的工艺指标;采用氰化法处理碱浸渣,金银浸出率分别为94.55%、83.96%;采用浮选法处理氰化渣,可得铅品位为46.76%的铅精矿,铅回收率为52.83%;采用重选法回收浮选尾矿中的石英,可获得SiO2含量为97.12%、回收率为80.84%的石英产品.     

难处理金矿中伴生矿物对氰化浸出的影响

对金矿石中常见的几种伴生矿物在氰化浸出中的影响进行了分析,同时采用化学试剂配制标准液的方式,考察了Fe2+,Cu2+,As3+对氰化物消耗的影响.试验结果表明:铁矿物中,磁黄铁矿对氰化浸出的影响较大,使溶金速率下降28.1%,氰化物耗量增加4倍,而黄铁矿与赤铁矿对氰化浸出的影响较小;铜矿物中,黄铜矿与辉铜矿对氰化浸出都具有很大影响,其中辉铜矿可使溶金速率下降36.81%,氰化物耗量增加10倍;砷矿物中,雄黄与雌黄对氰化浸出极其有害,使溶金速率分别下降41.95%和49.90%,氰化物耗量分别增加13.8倍和15.0倍,相反毒砂在氰化体系中比较稳定,对氰化浸出的影响较小.离子耗氰试验中,Fe2+...     

Beneficiation of the gold bearing ore by gravity and flotation

Gold concentration usually consists of gravity separation, flotation, cyanidation, or the combination of these processes. The choice among these processes depends on the mineralogical characterization and gold content of the ore. Recently, the recovery of gold using gravity methods has gained attention because of low cost and environmentally friendly operations. In this study, gold pre-concentrates were produced by the stepwise gravity separation and flotation techniques. The Knelson concentrator and conventional flotation were employed for the recovery of gold. Gold bearing ore samples were taken from Gümüşhane Region, northern east part of Turkey. As a result of stepwise Knelson concentration experiments, a gold concentrate assaying around 620 g/t is produced with 41.4wt% recovery. On the other hand, a gold concentrate about 82 g/t is obtained with 89.9wt% recovery from a gold ore assaying 6 g/t Au by direct flotation.     

含金矿物的氰化浸取动力学

筛选了一种能强化金浸取反应速率的添加剂——间硝基苯磺酸钠(MS),并进行了浸取反应过程的动力学研究。讨论了MS和氰化钠浓度、温度、搅拌强度及矿物粒度等因素对浸取反应的影响。MS通过改变阴极反应体系强化了金的氰化浸取反应速率,且对浸取液中氰化物无破坏作用。采用收缩未反应芯模型较好地描述了金的浸取过程,金浸取的动力学过程受扩散控制。同时导出了宏观动力学方程。用黄铁矿焙渣在串联式池浸装置中进行工业化模拟试验的结果表明,含MS的浸取液,浸取金含量仅为0.94g/t的矿渣,具有较力满意的结果。     

碳质金矿石预氧化焙烧堆浸提金的研究

介绍了对辽宁丹东某金矿碳质硅化低硫金矿石的焙烧预氧化处理及焙砂直接堆浸的试验研究·分析了不同温度、不同气氛及不同时间条件下的焙砂的氧化状态及影响金浸出率的NaCN的质量分数、喷淋强度、焙砂粒度及喷淋时间等主要因素·实验结果表明,先在450℃,通入少量空气(含氧5%～10%)的条件下,焙烧1h(脱砷),然后,在650℃,通入充足空气的条件下,焙烧2h,矿石中的硫化物和碳物质的氧化率和灰化率分别达98%和97%;当NaCN的质量分数为0 10%～0 15%,喷淋强度为15 0L/(m2·h),焙砂粒度为0～3mm,喷淋时间为8～10天,金的浸出率为84 8%·同时,推荐了焙砂直接堆浸的原则工艺流程...     

丁二酮肟-氧化剂型无毒浸金剂的浸出性能研究

用分子设计理论提出了一类新型浸金剂 ,它由丁二酮肟和某种氧化剂构成 ,具有无毒害和化学稳定性好的特点 ,实验结果表明 :1)丁二酮肟能与许多氧化剂尤其是高锰酸钾组合成高效浸金剂 ;2 )在丁二酮肟 -高锰酸钾浸出体系中 ,适宜的Ox/Lig(氧化剂与金络剂分子比 )比值范围为 0 .2 5～ 0 .50 ,最佳范围为 0 .30～0 .4 0 ;3)丁二酮肟 -高锰酸钾浸出体系的操作pH范围为 8～ 10 ;4 )与氰化物相比 ,丁二酮肟的浸出率与它相当但浸出速度明显快很多 ;5)从含丁二酮肟的浸出贵液中回收金既可采用炭吸附法也可采用锌置换法 图1,表 5,参 9     

难处理金精矿的加压氧化一氯化浸出实验

采用加压氧化法对国内某难处理金精矿进行预处理,考察了反应温度、精矿粒度、氧分压、初酸浓度、反应时间对金精矿脱硫率和金浸出率的影响.利用XRD,XRF,SEM,EDX技术对金精矿原矿及浸出渣进行分析表征,实验结果表明,在反应温度180℃,精矿粒度-0.075～+0.061 mm,氧分压0.8 MPa,初酸质量浓度60 g...     

A novel process for Fe recovery and Zn,Pb removal from a low-grade pyrite cinder with high Zn and Pb contents

Comprehensive utilization of pyrite cinders is increasingly important because of their huge annual outputs and potential valuable metals recovery to cope with the gradual depletion of high-grade mineral resources. In this work, a new process, i.e., a high-temperature chlorination-magnetizing roasting-magnetic separation process, was proposed for recovering Fe and removing Zn, Pb from a low-grade pyrite cinder containing 49.90wt% Fe, 1.23wt% Zn, and 0.29wt% Pb. Various parameters, including the chlorinating conditions (dosage of CaCl₂, temperature, and time) and the magnetization roasting conditions (amount of coal, temperature, and time) were investigated. The results indicate that the proposed process is effective for Fe recovery and Zn, Pb removal from the pyrite cinder. Through this process, 97.06% Zn, 96.82% Pb, and approximately 90% S can be removed, and 89.74% Fe is recovered as magnetite into the final product under optimal conditions. A purified magnetite concentrate containing 63.07wt% Fe, 0.16wt% P, 0.26wt% S, and trace amounts of nonferrous metals (0.005wt% Cu, 0.013wt% Pb, and 0.051wt% Zn) was obtained. The concentrate can be potentially used as a high-quality feed material for producing oxidized pellets by blending with other high-grade iron ore concentrates.     

高压脉冲放电预处理强化卡林金浸出效果分析

A high-voltage pulsed discharge (HVPD) pretreatment was used to strengthen the leaching effect of Carlin-type gold ore containing arsenic. Optimal results of the pretreatment experiments were obtained at the following operating conditions: a spherical gap spacing of 20 mm, pulse number of 100, and voltage of 30 kV. The leaching rate of gold was increased by 15.65% via the HVPD pretreatment. The mass fraction of –0.5+0.35 mm and –0.35+0.1 mm was increased by 10.97% and 6.83% compared to the untreated samples, respectively, and the Au grade of –0.1 mm was increased by 22.84%. However, the superiority of the HVPD pretreatment would be weakened by prolonged grinding time. Scanning electron microscopy results indicated that the pretreated products presented as a melting state and then condensation, accompanying by some pore formation. More micro-cracks were generated at the interface of the ore and the original crack were expended via pulsed discharge pretreatment, with the contact area between the leaching reagent and ore increased, the leaching reaction rate enhanced and the leaching effect strengthened.     

A review of gold extraction using noncyanide lixiviants: Fundamentals,advancements, and challenges toward alkaline sulfur-containing leaching agents

Alkaline sulfur-containing lixiviants, including thiosulfate, polysulfides, and alkaline sulfide solutions, stand out as a promising class of alternatives to cyanide because of their low toxicity, high efficiency, and strong adaptability. In this paper, we summarized the research progress and remaining challenges in gold extraction using these noncyanide reagents. After a brief introduction to the preparation method, the transformation process of various sulfur-containing species in alkaline solutions was discussed. Thereafter, some insights into the mechanism of gold leaching in alkaline sulfur-containing solutions were presented from different aspects, including thermodynamics analysis, electrochemical dissolution, and leaching kinetics. Moreover, recent progress in in-situ generation of sulfur-containing anions from gold-bearing sulfide minerals was outlined as well. Gold passivation caused by sulfur species was discussed in particular because it is considered the greatest challenge facing sulfur-containing leaching systems. Alkaline sulfur-containing lixiviants are expected to serve as alternatives in industrial applications of gold extraction, particularly for refractory gold ores containing copper and carbonaceous matter.     

含铜难处理金矿选择性浸出试验研究

针对某含铜难处理金矿进行了碘化法和石硫合剂(lime sulfur synthetic solution,LSSS)法的选择性浸金的研究。结果表明,在碘单质质量浓度为8g/L,浸出时间为2h的条件下,碘化法浸出金的浸出率为88.1%,而且铜的浸出率不足1%。在石硫合剂质量分数为25%,浸出时间为6h的条件下,LSSS法浸出金的浸出率仅为73.5%。对比碘化浸出和石硫合剂浸出效果可知,碘化法对该含铜难处理金矿不仅浸出速度快、浸出率高而且铜几乎不被浸出,具有很强的选择性浸金作用。     

从难处理金矿中回收金:黄铁矿对硫脲浸金体系稳定性的影响

The extraction of gold from refractory gold ores (RGOs) without side reactions is an extremely promising endeavor. However, most RGOs contain large amounts of sulfide, such as pyrite. Thus, investigation of the influence of sulfide on the gold leaching process is important to maximize the utilization of RGOs. In this work, the effects of pyrite on the stability of the thiourea system were systematically investigated under different conditions. Results showed that the decomposition rate of thiourea was accelerated sharply in the presence of pyrite. The effect of pyrite on gold recovery in thiourea leaching systems was then confirmed via a series of experiments. The decomposition efficiency of thiourea decreased by 40% and the recovery efficiency of gold increased by 56% after the removal of sulfide by roasting. Under optimal conditions, the efficiency of the gold recovery system increased to 83.69% and only 57.92% of thiourea decomposition was observed. The high consumption of thiourea by the leaching system may be attributed to not only adsorption by mineral particles but also catalytic decomposition by some impurities in the ores, such as pyrite and soluble ferric oxide.     

银金精矿的焙烧条件对焙砂中金银提取的影响

在热分析的基础上对吉林某浮选银精矿的预处理过程进行了研究。研究了焙焙烧温度、焙烧时间奶对金精矿中硫，碳脱除率的影响，着重研究了有添加剂存在时焙烧工艺条件对银精矿焙砂的金银提取性能的影响，并了添剂在硫酸化焙烧过程中的作用。试验结果表明：有添加剂存在时的焙少经稀硫酸预浸，其预浸渣于用硫脲法或氰化法浸金时，其金的浸率将大于９５％，争遥总浸出率也分别达９５％