Spheroidization of silica powders by radio frequency inductively coupled plasma with Ar-H2 and Ar-N2 as the sheath gases at atmospheric pressu

Amorphous spherical silica powders were prepared by inductively coupled thermal plasma treatment at a radio frequency of 36.2 MHz. The effects of the added content of hydrogen and nitrogen into argon (serving as the sheath gas), as well as the carrier gas flow rate, on the spheroidization rate of silica powders, were investigated. The prepared silica powders before and after plasma treatment were examined by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and laser granulometric analysis. Results indicated that the average size of the silica particles increased, and the transformation of crystals into the amorphous state occurred after plasma treatment. Discharge image processing was employed to analyze the effect of the plasma temperature field on the spheroidization rate. The spheroidization rate of the silica powder increased with the increase of the hydrogen content in the sheath gas. On the other hand, the spheroidization rate of the silica power first increased and then decreased with the increase of the nitrogen content in the sheath gas. Moreover, the amorphous content increased with the increase of the spheroidization rate of the silica powder.     

Spheroidization of silica powders by radio frequency inductively coupled plasma with Ar–H_2 and Ar–N_2 as the sheath gases at atmospheric pressure

Amorphous spherical silica powders were prepared by inductively coupled thermal plasma treatment at a radio frequency of 36.2 MHz. The effects of the added content of hydrogen and nitrogen into argon(serving as the sheath gas), as well as the carrier gas flow rate, on the spheroidization rate of silica powders, were investigated. The prepared silica powders before and after plasma treatment were examined by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and laser granulometric analysis. Results indicated that the average size of the silica particles increased, and the transformation of crystals into the amorphous state occurred after plasma treatment. Discharge image processing was employed to analyze the effect of the plasma temperature field on the spheroidization rate. The spheroidization rate of the silica powder increased with the increase of the hydrogen content in the sheath gas. On the other hand, the spheroidization rate of the silica power first increased and then decreased with the increase of the nitrogen content in the sheath gas. Moreover, the amorphous content increased with the increase of the spheroidization rate of the silica powder.     

射频等离子体制备球形Ti—6Al—4V粉末性能表征

以不规则形状的Ti—6Al—4V(TC4)粉末为原料,通过射频等离子体球化处理制备了球形TC4粉末,并研究了球化处理对粉末特性及加料速率对粉末球化率的影响.利用扫描电子显微镜、激光粒度分析和霍尔流速计分别对其粉末微观结构、粒度分布和粉体性能进行了测试和分析.结果表明:TC4粉末经等离子球化处理后得到表面光滑、球形度好及球化率可达到100%的球形粉末;球化处理后,粉末的松装密度、振实密度和粉末流动性得到明显改善,粒度略微增大;随着加料速率的增加,TC4粉的球化率逐渐降低.     

紧耦合真空气雾化制备Fe-Cr合金粉末的特性表征

采用紧耦合真空气雾化法制备Fe-Cr合金粉末,通过不同目数的筛网进行筛分,得到0～25μm、25～53μm、53～105μm、105～150μm四个粒度段的粉末.使用氧氮分析仪、碳硫分析仪、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪分析雾化前后粉末化学成分,测定全粒度段及各粒度段的氧含量变化情况;采用扫描电镜、激光粒度仪等分析测试手段...     

Fabrication of silicon nitride／boron nitride nanocomposite powder

Si3N4/BN nanocomposite powders with the microstructure of the micro-sized α-Si3N4 particles coated with nano-sized BN particles were synthesized via the chemical reaction boric acid,urea,and α- Si3N4 powder in a hydrogen gas.The results of XRD,TEM,and selected area electron diffraction showed that amorphous BN and a little amount of turbostratic BN(t-BN) were coated on Si3N4 particles as the second phase after reaction at 1100℃.After re-heating the composite powders at 1450℃ in a nitrogen gas,the amorphous and turbostratic BN is transformed into h-BN.These nanocomposite powders can be used to prepare Si3N4/BN ceramic composites by hot-pressing at 1800℃,which have perfect machinability and can be drilled with normal metal tools.     

送粉速率对射频等离子体球化粉末性能的影响

采用射频等离子体球化技术对多次激光3D打印废弃的GH4169合金粉末颗粒进行二次改造,研究了送粉速率对粉末球化效果的影响规律,分析了粉末球化前后显微组织及性能的差异.研究结果表明:送粉速率越小,单位质量粉末吸收过多的热量而导致其气化,颗粒表面“吸附小颗粒粉末”较多,球形粉末收得率很小;送粉速率越高,单位质量粉末吸收的热量不足以熔化所有粉末颗粒,出现部分的卫星球、包覆粉等缺陷,粉末球化率降低.球化处理后的粉末颗粒显微组织主要包括胞状晶、柱状晶和微晶.在适宜的等离子体球化工艺参数下,获得的粉末颗粒球形度极佳,流动性和松装比得到显著改善,粉末平均粒径增大,粒径分布更趋均匀.     

氢化非晶氮化硅薄膜的光学特性研究

采用螺旋波等离子体增强化学气相沉积(HWP-CVD)技术以SiH4和N2为反应气体沉积了氮化硅(SiN)薄膜,利用傅里叶红外吸收谱(FTIR)、紫外-可见透射谱(UV-VIS)等对薄膜的键合结构、光学带隙等参量进行了测量与分析.结果表明,采用HWP-CVD技术能在较低的衬底温度下制备低H含量的SiN薄膜,所沉积的薄膜主要表现为Si-N键合结构.适当提高N2/SiH4比例将有利于薄膜中H含量的降低.     

EIGA法制备激光3D打印用TC4合金粉末

采用电极感应熔炼气雾化法(EIGA)制备激光3D打印用TC4合金粉末,研究了雾化气压对粉末收得率、粒径、粉末形貌、松装密度、流动性及空心球率等特征的影响.结果表明:随着雾化气压的增加,粉末收得率、球形度增加,而粉末平均粒径减小.雾化气压为6.0MPa时,粉末收得率超过50%,平均粒径小于100μm,松装密度为2.950 g/cm~3,流动性为2.242 g/s,空心球率低于3%.雾化气压为7.0 MPa时,非球形缺陷粉末和空心球率增加.对比雾化气压为6.0 MPa制备的不同粒径粉末,以及激光3D打印后的拉伸曲线与断口形貌,发现50~100μm粉末打印TC4合金的抗拉强度达907.7 MPa,延伸率最大达15.3%,具有良好的强韧性.     

Fe60 Co20 C20超细合金粉末的结构和磁性能研究

采用机械合金化方法制备出Fe60Co20C20超细合金粉末,对不同球磨时间的样品进行X射线衍射和磁滞回线的测量.X射线衍射分析结果表明:样品在球磨20 h后开始部分非晶化,在Fe-Co合金中加入C可促使其形成非晶;样品的晶粒尺寸随球磨时间的增加而减小,在一定的机械合金化条件下可获得Fe60Co20C20的非晶态超细合金粉末.VSM研究结果表明:球磨初期,样品的矫顽力增加;球磨20 h后,随着晶粒尺寸的降低矫顽力降低.机械球磨后晶粒尺寸是影响样品磁性能的主要因素.     

两步水热法制备高温稳定的TiO2-SiO2复合粉体

用两步水热法以钛酸丁酯和硅酸乙酯为原料制备了具有高光催化活性的高温稳定的TiO2-SiO2复合纳米粉体。首先在热压釜中160℃水热4小时合成TiO2纳米晶体,然后加入硅酸乙酯再160℃水热4小时形成TiO2-SiO2复合纳米粉体。以动态光散射（DLS）、差热（DSC）、傅立叶变换红外吸收光谱（FTIR）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）表征了TiO2-SiO2复合粉体。n(TiO2) / n(SiO2)摩尔比为10：1、2：1和1：1的复合粉体分别在800℃、1000℃和1200℃煅烧2小时后仍保持锐钛矿晶型,二氧化硅含量越高,高温稳定性越高。复合粉体中Ti-O-Si键是锐钛矿TiO2高温稳定的原因。红外分析表明水热合成的复合粉体没有Ti-O-Si键,800℃煅烧2小时后才形成Ti-O-Si键。 透射电镜和动态光散射粒度分析表明复合粉体呈现分散良好的近球形,颗粒大小为10-30nm。TiO2-SiO2复合材料在紫外光作用下使20mg/L甲基橙水溶液褪色的实验表明其具有优良的光催化性能,其活性和商品TiO2 P25粉体相似。800℃和1000℃煅烧2h的复合粉体的光催化活性仍保持良好的光催化活性,比同条件处理的P25高很多;1200℃煅烧2h后的复合材料只有微弱的光催化性。     

Fe_(78)Si_9B_(13)非晶磁粉芯工艺

研究了粉末制备方法、粉末粒度、绝缘剂添加量等因素对Fe78Si9B13非晶磁粉芯性能的影响.结果表明,气流磨法得到的粉末比机械法得到的粉末棱角少,多数粉末呈圆片状,利于绝缘包覆,因此,其粉芯磁性能比后者高;粉末粒度越大磁粉芯磁导率越高,但是损耗也越大,所以需要粒级调配,最终确定最佳配比为75~100μm占70%,61~75μm占10%,45~61μm占20%.添加绝缘剂可提高粉末的固有电阻,降低涡流损耗.但绝缘剂含量过大时会降低粉芯的磁导率,本实验确定最佳添加量为4%.     

Preparation and performance of a cold gas dynamic sprayed high-aluminum bronze coating

By mixing preheated high-aluminum bronze powders with different amounts of Al₂O₃ powder, a low-pressure cold-sprayed coating was prepared and sprayed onto a Cr12MoV steel substrate. The hardness of the coating and the bonding strength between the coating and the substrate were tested with a HV-1000 microhardness tester and a mechanical universal testing machine. The surface microstructure, cross-section and tensile fracture surface of the coating were observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Correspondingly, the influences of the preheat treatment temperature of the bronze powder and the Al₂O₃ content on the coating performance were investigated. The results indicate that the hardness of bronze powders decreased and the coating deposition rate increased after the preheating treatment of the bronze powder. The Al₂O₃ content in the mixed powders contributed to the deformation of bronze powders during the spraying process. This trend resulted in varied performance of the coating.     

纳米TiO_2微粉烧结过程中的相变与晶粒生长

分别制备无定型、锐钛矿和金红石三种形态的ＴｉＯ２纳米微粉,并对其烧结性能进行了较详细的研究,结果揭示：晶化和相变过程是晶粒生长的主要因素,硬团聚体的形状决定了烧结体的显微结构。     

机械合金化制备Mg58Cu42非晶态合金粉末的机理研究

采用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜,研究了Mg58Cu42混合粉末在机械合金化过程中的结构和微观形貌变化.结果表明,Mg,Cu粉末在机械合金化过程中是互溶的,机械合金化可以大大提高它们之间的固溶度.球磨过程中,Mg原子逐步溶入Cu基体中,同时,发生晶粒的细化和非晶化过程,并且随着球磨时间的延长,粉末逐渐细化.然后,形成Mg在Cu中的过饱和固溶体;固溶体的变形能量积聚到很大时,发生固溶体晶体结构失稳,最后形成Mg和Cu分布均匀的非晶态合金粉末.     

基于流态化技术硅粉直接氮化制备氮化硅粉

提出了一种基于流态化技术,利用硅粉直接氮化制备氮化硅粉的新工艺。在常温下,以氮气为载气,将硅粉快速流化并夹带离开供料装置,硅粉和氮气组成的气-固两相流进入到预热器中,预热后的混合物从底部进入到高温悬浮床的高温区,以稀相气力输送的方式连续穿过高温悬浮床,在高温常压下发生燃烧合成反应,最后在出口经冷却装置冷却后,由收集装置收集,得到氮化产物。借助SEM、XRD、元素分析和FTIR等方法分析了氮化产物的形貌、物相组成、化学成分以及价键结构。实验结果表明：对于平均粒径为2.7μm的硅粉,在反应温度为1653K, 反应时间为2.7min时,硅的转化率为53.4%,氮化产物为非晶氮化硅粉。通过理论预测,如果将反应温度升高至1723K,硅粉氮化7.1min后,其转化率可达99%。本文提出的方法可连续制备优质氮化硅粉,而且比现有的其他制备方法具有更高的生产效率。     

Preparation of nano-sized Bi2Te3 thermoelectric material powders by cryogenic grinding

A novel method for rapid preparation of Bi2Te3 nano-sized powders with an average particle size of about 70 nm was developed.A starting powder mixture consisting of Bi2Te3 coarse particles of ～5 mm was...     

低发射率SiO2/Al2 O3纳米复合粉体的制备和红外隐身性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备非晶态和结晶态两种相结构的SiO2/Al2 O3纳米复合粉体,通过X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜等手段对纳米复合粉体结构和形貌进行表征,并利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪研究纳米复合粉体的红外隐身性能.结果表明：两种相结构的SiO2/Al2 O3纳米复合粉体均呈不规则颗粒状,其中结晶态SiO2/Al2 O3纳米复合粉体的平均晶粒尺寸约为18 nm；结晶态SiO2/Al2 O3纳米复合粉体在2.5~25μm波长范围内的红外发射率均低于非晶态复合粉体,3~5μm内发射率平均值为45.65%,8~14μm内发射率平均值为46.19%,是一种低发射率的红外隐身复合纳米材料.     

Si3N4的结构状态对放电等离子烧结制备Sialon陶瓷的影响

以纳米非晶-Si3N4、微米α-Si3N4、微米AlN、纳米Al2O3和纳米Y2O3为初始原料,采用放电等离子烧结工艺制备了Sialon陶瓷。通过调整配方中Si3N4对应原料的种类,研究了不同结构的Si3N4对合成Sialon陶瓷的影响。通过XRD和SEM对试样的物相和显微结构进行了表征,同时测试了试样的体积密度、抗弯强度、断裂韧性和维氏硬度。实验结果表明,配方中的Si3N4全部采用α-Si3N4,经SPS烧结后可获得α/β-Sialon陶瓷,当用纳米非晶-Si3N4逐步替换α-Si3N4时,所合成的Sialon陶瓷中的α-Sialon晶相的相对含量减少;当全部采用纳米非晶-Si3N4时,则试样中仅含有β-Sialon相。     

单分散球形SiO2的制备及其分散体系的流变性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法,在乙醇介质中氨催化水解正硅酸乙酯制备单分散球形SiO2微粒,考察了硅烷偶联剂作为分散剂对SiO2粉末颗粒分散性能的影响。采用透射电镜对未添加分散剂制备的SiO2粉末和添加硅烷偶联剂后制备的SiO2粉末进行形貌观察,并对以硅烷偶联剂作分散剂制备的SiO2粉末进行X射线衍射、红外光谱分析和表征,采用应力控制流变仪对SiO2/PEG分散体系的流变性能进行测定与分析。研究结果表明:硅烷偶联剂显著提高了SiO2粉末颗粒的分散性能,粉末颗粒呈单分散的球形粒子,所制备的SiO2粉末样品为非晶态物质;SiO2/PEG分散体系具有剪切变稀和可逆的剪切增稠现象。     

氢等离子体处理P层对非晶硅太阳能电池开路电压的影响

为拓展非晶硅太阳能电池的应用,有必要提高其开路电压。本文讨论氢等离子体处理对P层和非晶硅太阳能电池性能参数的影响。结果表明：用氢等离子体处理P层可以使电池的平均开路电压提高0．0257V,平均填充因子提高0．039,平均能量转换效率提高0．45％,实验中获得的最高开路电压为0．99V。用氢等离子体处理P层可以提高P层的晶相比,使更多的光子被本征层吸收。此外,这种处理工艺与非晶硅太阳能电池的制备工艺相兼容。