杏鲍菇菌株的rDNA ITS序列鉴定和同工酶分析

【目的】鉴于诱变处理后杏鲍菇菌株在栽培性状上的明显差异,对两株杏鲍菇菌株(杏A和杏B)进行分子水平上的鉴定,分析两者的差异性。【方法】对杏鲍菇菌丝体样本的rDNA基因内转录间ITS片段进行PCR扩增并测序验证;同时应用同工酶电泳对菌丝体的酯酶、过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶进行分析。【结果】通过GenBank数据库搜索和序列比对分析,两株菌株ITS序列相似度达到99%;菌丝体的酯酶、过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶同工酶电泳检测无差异。【结论】杏A和杏B菌株为同一菌株,在分子水平上差异不明显。     

粤北山区9株香菇菌株酯酶和过氧化物同工酶的研究

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳技术对粤北地区的9个香菇菌株的酯酶和过氧化物同工酶进行了研究。在9个菌株的酯酶同工酶电泳图谱中,2个野生菌株与7个栽培菌株间的酶带数量、浓淡宽窄差异较大：进一步用UP-GMA平均链锁程序进行聚类分析发现,相似系数为0.3时野生菌株与栽培菌株才能归为一大类。相似系数为0.6时栽培菌株可归为一大类,相似系数为0.72时9个菌株可以分为5大类9个菌株过氧化物同工酶酶带均为1条。酶带浓淡和宽窄有差异,野生香菇的酶带最浓最宽。结果表明：粤北香菇资源丰富,遗传差异较大,特别是野生香菇菌株具有较大的开发利用价值;且酯醯和过氧化物同工酶对香菇菌株的分类、鉴定和遗传标记等方面都具有参考价值。     

香菇完全亲和双单杂交初步研究

选用香菇的野生株（Ｑ）与栽培株苏香的４种孢子单核体进行完全亲和双单杂交。运用拮抗试验并辅以液体出菇试验初步鉴定出１２个杂交后代,且对杂交后代酯酶同工酶进行了检测。显著性检验研究表明,大多数杂交后代在菌丝生长速率与ＣＭＣ酶活方面表现了明显的杂种优势,４个代表菌株可产生正常的子实体。酯酶同工酶聚类分析与农艺性状分析表明杂交后代及其与亲本之间都显示了不同程度差异,表明１～１２号菌株是真正的双单杂交后代,认为菌株间酯酶同工酶酶相似系数值可以作为香菇遗传育种选择亲本的辅助的遗传标记。     

基于MPMS方法的黑木耳优良菌株选育

为获得高产优质的黑木耳菌株,以黑木耳(Auricularia auricula)菌株Aa66为出发菌株,采用多功能等离子体诱变系统(multifunction plasma mutagenesis system,MPMS)进行诱变育种实验,共获得315株诱变菌株.通过初筛拮抗实验及复筛对菌株长速长势、酶活及生物学效率的测定,共得到8株优良诱变菌株,且使用简单重复序列区间扩增多态性分子标记技术(inter-simple sequence repeat,ISSR)在分子水平上确定其均与出发菌株Aa66有明显差异,其中优良诱变菌株Y9生长速度最快,为4.98 mm/d,较出发菌株Aa66提高0.54 mm/d,生物学效率为115.34%,较出发菌株Aa66提高8.43%,表明MPMS可以作为一种选育优良黑木耳菌株的新方法.     

灵芝漆酶的分离纯化及其部分酶学性质研究

将灵芝（Ganoderma lucidum）漆酶经过Sephadex G-75和DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow两步纯化,获得具有3个同工酶的组分,并且纯度提高了81倍,酶活回收率高达83.9%。以ABTS为底物,漆酶最适pH值是2.2～2.6,在pH值4.6～7.8范围内稳定;最适温度45℃,在低于45℃时较稳定。大部分金属离子、酸根离子对灵芝漆酶普遍有抑制作用,除盐可以提高漆酶活力。     

氨基酰化酶产生菌GR1—11菌株的选育和产酶条件的研究

采用物理因子诱变剂处理出发菌株米曲霉3．951(Aspergillus 3.951)，获得氨基酰化酶（EC3．5．1．4）高产菌株GR1－11，这株经紫外线和γ射线诱变获得的变异株的产酶能力较出发菌株提高了91％，在最佳培养条件下，每克曲含氨基酰化酶达122．4单位，40％至60％饱和度硫酸铵沉淀所得粗酶比活力达210U／mg。     

侧耳属一新菌株及其亲本的生化特性

对佛罗里达侧耳和姬菇单孢菌丝经杂交获得的-新菌株及其亲本,应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶不连续垂直平板电泳方法,测定了酯酶、过氧化物酶、醇脱氢酶、乳酸脱氢酶和苹果酸脱氢酶等5种同工酶酶谱;应用薄层等电聚焦电泳方法测定了可溶性蛋白;应用硅胶G薄层层析法鉴定多糖的组成成分。结果表明:新菌株与亲本之一的姬菇,在3种脱氢酶酶谱上甚为相似;新菌株与亲本的酯酶同工酶区带丰富,新菌株多数区带来自亲本,与姬菇相似程度高,但有新区带出现;新菌株的多糖组成成分与佛罗里达侧耳相似;新菌株与亲本的可溶性蛋白无明显区别。推断该新菌株为杂交异核体。     

糙皮侧耳菌漆酶同工酶谱分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺等电聚焦电泳（ＩＥＦ）方法,比较了１０株糙皮侧耳菌漆酶同工酶谱。结果表明：所有菌株酶带在ｐＨ４．２～４．４和ｐＨ５．２～５．３的范围内是恒定的,但多数菌株的漆酶同工酶有多条谱带,等电点（ｐｌ）值变化较大,这说明它们的漆酶同工酶基因的多样性,可能是不同侧耳菌品种之间杂交的结果。     

亚硝基胍与紫外诱变选育高效解钾菌株

为构建遗传背景差异较大、解钾性能稳定提高的候选菌库,选用课题组分离的蜡样芽孢杆菌L18（Bacillus cereus,KF494191) 为出发菌株,对其分别进行亚硝基胍（NTG）和紫外（UV）诱变处理,经四苯硼钠-季铵盐显色初筛,摇瓶发酵复筛,获得42株解钾能力显著增强的突变株,其中：诱变株L18-NTG-151和L18-UV-68发酵液钾质量浓度分别为126.74,121.69 mg/L,与出发菌株相比分别提高了63.64%和57.12%.结果表明亚硝基胍和紫外线诱变处理能显著提高蜡样芽胞杆菌的解钾能力.     

苜蓿盲蝽属10种昆虫同工酶的比较研究

运用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板型电泳技术,对苜蓿盲蝽属（Adelphocoris Reuter）10种苜蓿盲蝽的酯酶同工酶、过氧化物同工酶和乳酸脱氢酶同工酶进行比较研究．同工酶电泳图谱及聚类结果表明,苜蓿盲蝽属10个种的酯酶同工酶谱带清晰、多态性强、稳定性好,酯酶同工酶酶谱特征可以用于苜蓿盲蝽属昆虫的分类鉴定．应用系统发育分析软件包WinClada1．00．04对酶谱数据进行分析运算,获得10个种间的系统发育关系为：（A．ponghvariensis,A．lineolatus）（A．reicheli（A．ferrugineus,A．quadripunctatus））（A．melanocephalus（A．obliquefasciatus（A．triannulatus（A．fasciaticollis,A．tenebrosus））））．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the