微波辐射合成己二酸二乙酯

推荐一个基础有机化学实验一微波辐射合成己二酸二乙酯,即利用微波辐射技术,在常压下以己二酸和无水乙醇为原料快速合成己二酸二乙酯;考察了微波辐射功率、辐射时间、催化剂用量及反应物料比对反应产率的影响。结果表明：用微波替代传统加热后,能显著缩短酯化反应时间,提高合成效率。学生实验最佳方案为：以0．3mL浓硫酸为催化剂、微波辐射功率700W、反应时间10min、酸醇比为1：8时,己二酸二乙酯的产率为90．2％。     

微波辐射相转移催化合成环丙烷氨基酸

以KOH-K2CO3作碱,Al2O3为外溶,以四丁基溴化铵（TBAB）为相转移催化剂,采用微波辐射干反应技术实现醛亚胺PhCH=NCH2CO2Et与1,2-二溴乙烷的串联烷基化反应,最佳反应条件为：醛亚胺3mmol,二溴乙烷5.7mmol,TBAB0.6mmol,KOH7mmol,K2CO314mmol,以Al2O3作外浴,微波辐射功率240W,微波辐射时间1min,产率56%。     

4，4＇-二甲酰基-α，ω-二苯氧基烷烃的微波干法催化合成

在相转移催化剂PEG-400和K2CO3固体碱存在下，利用微波辐射，α，ω-二卤代烷烃与对羟基苯甲醛发生反应，以较高产率(40％～90％)合成了4，4’-二甲酰基-α，ω-二苯氧基烷烃。     

微波辐射下扁桃酸的合成

采用微波辐射技术,以苯甲醛、氯仿为原料,以氢氧化钠为碱剂,氯化苄基三乙胺(TEBAC)为相转移催化剂合成了扁桃酸.通过单因素实验和正交实验研究了各反应因素对产率的影响,确定了最佳反应条件:苯甲醛与氯仿摩尔比1:2.5,氯化苄基三乙胺0.003 mol,40%氢氧化钠,反应温度60℃,微波功率400 W,辐射时间为25 min.在此条件下,扁桃酸的产率可达88.3%.     

香豆素-3-甲酸乙酯合成方法的改进

微波辐射下水杨醛和丙二酸二乙酯在六氢吡啶催化下于119W反应5分钟,以83．4％的产率得到香豆素-3-甲酸乙酯。和教材方法相比,微波法具有反应时间短、产率高、物耗低及污染物少等特点,体现了新兴技术的运用和化学实验绿色化的改革目标。     

微波辐射KF/K2CO3催化合成肉桂酸

通过对KF／K2CO3催化合成肉桂酸反应的研究，发现在该反应中，KF／K2CO3催化性能较好。用微波处理后使用效果更佳．当反应温度为160℃，m（KF）：m（K=CO3）=1：2，n（苯甲醛）：n（乙酸酐）：n（KF／K2CO3）=1：3：1．45，KF／K2CO3用微波处理2min，肉桂酸产率高达85．5％．     

3，4-二甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯的一锅式合成

以藜芦醛和丙二酸二乙酯为主要原料,以L-脯氨酸／磷酸钾为催化剂,无水乙醇为溶剂,经水解、酸化和Knoevenagel缩合反应,一锅式合成了3,4-二甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯。实验得到较佳反应条件：n（丙二酸二乙酯）：n（黎芦醛）=2．0：1．0,n（L-脯氨酸）：n（黎芦醛）=0．35：1．00,n（L-脯氨酸）：n（磷酸钾）=6：1,反应时间7h。在较佳条件下,3,4-二甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯的收率达到77．4％,质量分数达97．0％。     

微波辐射快速合成对苯二甲酸二辛酯

在微波辐射条件下，以T2为催化剂，用对苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)与异辛醇进行酯交换反应合成了对苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOTP)，讨论了微波功率、辐射时间、催化剂用量和投料比对反应产率的影响，最佳反应条件为：投料nDMP：n异辛醇1：2，T2催化剂0．18g，微波功率600W，反应时间8min，得到的产率为97％，该条件下的反应速率是常规加热条件下的20多倍。     

微波辐射下肉桂酸苄酯的相转移催化合成研究

以肉桂酸钠和氯化苄为原料 ,二乙胺作催化剂 ,采用微波辐射技术 ,在常压下直接合成了肉桂酸苄酯 .讨论了催化剂用量、微波辐射功率和辐射时间对酯产率的影响 .实验结果表明 ,最适宜的反应条件为 :当n肉桂酸钠∶n氯化苄 =1∶3 4时 ,二乙胺的用量 1 0mL ,微波功率 4 5 0W ,辐射 12min ,产率达 85 3%以上 .     

微波辐射下对苯二甲醛与活性甲基、活性亚甲基化合物的双缩合反应研究

微波辐射条件下,以氢氧化钠或哌啶作催化剂,乙醇作溶剂,对苯二甲醛与苯乙酮和丙二酸二乙酯等活性甲基、活性亚甲基化合物反应,合成了1,4-双(3-芳基-3-氧代-1-丙烯基)苯和1,4-双(2,2-二乙氧羰基乙烯基)苯衍生物,反应时间短,产率高,操作简便.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.