含能流的各向同性XY链中的基态纠缠

分析了含能流的横磁场三比特各向同性XY自旋链的基态纠缠.发现随着外磁场的变化,系统会发生量子相变.以三比特系统为例给出有效哈密顿量的能谱,讨论了体系基态纠缠随λ的变化.当λ＜3/3时,在相变点处基态由W态跳跃到非纠缠态,此时自旋链中没有能量流动.当3/3≤λ≤3时,在能级交错点处发生量子相变,体系由非能流相进入能流相,同时基态由W态ф1跳跃到另一W态ф5;此时,由于能流的影响,使得基态保持在W态,而不再处于非纠缠态;并且随着λ的增大,系统将在更大范围内处于能流相.当λ＞3时,基态波函数表示为ф5,系统完全处于能流相.     

含能流的三比特伊辛自旋链中的基态纠缠

研究了含能流的三比特伊辛自旋链中的基态纠缠。在体系中引入能流后,磁场的变化将会导致系统进入能流相。基态纠缠在相变临界点处发生突变,两粒子之间的纠缠由于能量的流动而得到增强。     

一维XXZ环形自旋链中的量子关联

研究了系统尺度L=8的一维XXZ环形自旋链中的两体和多体量子纠缠以及两体量子失协，在这个过程中，充分考虑了温度和粒子间隔对纠缠和量子失谐的影响．结果发现，同种情况下，三体和四体纠缠比两体的更加“强壮”，且在低温条件下，利用多体纠缠可以探测到系统发生量子相变的临界点．与纠缠相比，量子失谐可以在较高温度下存在，且在相变点处总是表现出尖峰行为，这使得量子失谐在探测相变点方面更具优越性．     

柱形量子点qubit的振荡周期

通过精确求解能量本征方程获得柱型量子点中的电子能态,并利用电子的基态和第一激发态构造一个量子比特．对GaAs量子点的数值计算表明：量子点能量随半径或柱高的增大而减小;量子比特的振荡周期随半径或柱高的增大而增大．     

抛物势量子点电荷量子比特的消相干

通过求解能量的本征方程得出了抛物线性限制势下柱形量子点中电子的基态、激发态本征波函数及其本征能量,将基态、激发态二能级系统作为一个量子比特,利用费米黄金规则讨论了量子点受限长度对量子点消相干速率的影响,同时讨论了电子在空间概率密度分布的时间演化和振荡周期.数值计算结果表明,量子比特的消相干速率随受限长度的增加而减小,振荡周期随受限长度的增加而增加.电子的概率密度在空间呈周期性的变化.     

阻挫自旋梯子的纠缠与量子相变

对于具有阻挫作用的反铁磁自旋梯子,采用多体格林函数方法并结合Jordan-Wigner变换,计算系统中近邻双格点的纠缠,分析纠缠的奇异性与量子相变之间关系.发现随着外磁场的变化,纠缠出现奇异即发生量子相变,但在量子相变点纠缠不一定出现奇异,这说明纠缠奇异与量子相变并非一一对应,此外纠缠平台与磁化平台一一对应.     

相互作用的量子比特在不同环境下的共生纠缠度和量子失协分析

研究了初始纠缠的量子比特在不同的环境下共生纠缠度和量子失协的动力学演化.在所研究的几种模型中,发现共生纠缠度强烈地依赖于初始环境,并在演化过程中发生纠缠死亡现象.共生纠缠度和量子失协在演化过程中均出现坍塌和复苏效应,但当量子比特间的相互作用为零时,坍塌和复苏效应消失.可无论在何种情况下,量子失协均不会减小到零,即仍能反映量子比特和系统间的量子关联,显示量子失协比量子纠缠具有更强的抗退相干能力.因此量子失协可作为获得有效量子信息的一种更有效的量子资源.     

两量子比特海森堡XY模型中的热纠缠

研究外加非均匀磁场下包含交叉积项的两量子比特海森堡XY模型中的热纠缠,计算了纠缠度量:C.仔细讨论存在交叉积项时非均匀磁场对基态纠缠和热纠缠的影响.     

多支LO声子作用对量子点中强耦合极化子基态能量的影响

本文采用线性组合算符和幺正变换方法研究了量子点中极化子的性质,得到了极化子的基态能量.考虑多支LO声子之间相互作用时,研究了多支LO-声子对量子点中极化子基态能量的影响.结果表明：极化子的基态能量随量子点受限长度的增大而减小;量子点受限长度随振动频率λ的增大而减小.在不同的量子点受限长度下,极化子的基态能量随量子点振动频率的减小而增大.考虑多声子相互作用时,基态能量的附加能量等于电子与多支声子耦合.     

原子核系统激发态量子相变与核子对转移强度

本文在相互作用玻色子模型框架下研究了U(5)-O(6)量子相变中的有限核系统的结构演化.通过与传统序参量-四极价核子对数占有率进行对比分析,本文检验了单极核子对转移强度在基态量子相变(形状相变)和激发态量子相变演化中的临界特征.研究结果表明,激发态量子相变的主要特征在有限核系统中可以得到很好的保持,而核子对转移强度不仅可以作为有效序参量来检测原子核基态量子相变,也可以用来检测与基态相变对应的激发态量子相变,进而从理论上论证了重核系统的集体振动谱中存在激发态量子相变现象的可能性.     

声子效应对量子比特自由旋转品质因子的影响

在三维抛物线性限制势量子点中电子与体纵光学声子强耦合下，应用Peter变分方法得出了电子的基态和第一激发态的能量及基态和第一激发态的本征波函数．量子点中这样的二能级体系作为一个量子比特，计算出了量子比特的自由旋转品质因子，并且得出了自由旋转品质因子随受限长度及电子-声子耦合强度的变化关系．     

Scaling of entanglement close to a quantum phase transition

Classical phase transitions occur when a physical system reaches a state below a critical temperature characterized by macroscopic order. Quantum phase transitions occur at absolute zero; they are induced by the change of an external parameter or coupling constant, and are driven by quantum fluctuations. Examples include transitions in quantum Hall systems, localization in Si-MOSFETs (metal oxide silicon field-effect transistors; ref. 4) and the superconductor-insulator transition in two-dimensional systems. Both classical and quantum critical points are governed by a diverging correlation length, although quantum systems possess additional correlations that do not have a classical counterpart. This phenomenon, known as entanglement, is the resource that enables quantum computation and communication. The role of entanglement at a phase transition is not captured by statistical mechanics-a complete classification of the critical many-body state requires the introduction of concepts from quantum information theory. Here we connect the theory of critical phenomena with quantum information by exploring the entangling resources of a system close to its quantum critical point. We demonstrate, for a class of one-dimensional magnetic systems, that entanglement shows scaling behaviour in the vicinity of the transition point.     

球型量子点量子比特内电子的概率密度分布

通过精确求解能量本征方程及变分方法,得到球型量子点中电子-声子相互作用体系的基态和第一激发态能量,以这样一个两能级体系构成一个量子比特.数值计算表明,当量子点尺寸一定时,量子比特中电子的概率密度随空间位置的变化而变化,且各个空间点的概率密度均随时间做周期性振荡,振荡周期随球半径的增大而增大.     

Amplifying stationary quantum discord and entanglement between a superconducting qubit and a data bus by time-dependent electromagnetic field

We study the dynamics of quantum discord and entanglement between a superconducting qubit and a data bus,which is driven by a controllable time-dependent electromagnetic field,in the presence of phase decoherence and find that the quantum discord and entanglement remain at a stationary non-zero value for long time evolution.It is shown that the amount of stationary quantum discord and entanglement can be enhanced by applying the time-dependent electromagnetic field.     

Demonstration of controlled-NOT quantum gates on a pair of superconducting quantum bits

Quantum computation requires quantum logic gates that use the interaction within pairs of quantum bits (qubits) to perform conditional operations. Superconducting qubits may offer an attractive route towards scalable quantum computing. In previous experiments on coupled superconducting qubits, conditional gate behaviour and entanglement were demonstrated. Here we demonstrate selective execution of the complete set of four different controlled-NOT (CNOT) quantum logic gates, by applying microwave pulses of appropriate frequency to a single pair of coupled flux qubits. All two-qubit computational basis states and their superpositions are used as input, while two independent single-shot SQUID detectors measure the output state, including qubit-qubit correlations. We determined the gate's truth table by directly measuring the state transfer amplitudes and by acquiring the relevant quantum phase shift using a Ramsey-like interference experiment. The four conditional gates result from the symmetry of the qubits in the pair: either qubit can assume the role of control or target, and the gate action can be conditioned on either the 0-state or the 1-state. These gates are now sufficiently characterized to be used in quantum algorithms, and together form an efficient set of versatile building blocks.     

Preparation and measurement of three-qubit entanglement in a superconducting circuit

Traditionally, quantum entanglement has been central to foundational discussions of quantum mechanics. The measurement of correlations between entangled particles can have results at odds with classical behaviour. These discrepancies grow exponentially with the number of entangled particles. With the ample experimental confirmation of quantum mechanical predictions, entanglement has evolved from a philosophical conundrum into a key resource for technologies such as quantum communication and computation. Although entanglement in superconducting circuits has been limited so far to two qubits, the extension of entanglement to three, eight and ten qubits has been achieved among spins, ions and photons, respectively. A key question for solid-state quantum information processing is whether an engineered system could display the multi-qubit entanglement necessary for quantum error correction, which starts with tripartite entanglement. Here, using a circuit quantum electrodynamics architecture, we demonstrate deterministic production of three-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states with fidelity of 88 per cent, measured with quantum state tomography. Several entanglement witnesses detect genuine three-qubit entanglement by violating biseparable bounds by 830?±?80 per cent. We demonstrate the first step of basic quantum error correction, namely the encoding of a logical qubit into a manifold of GHZ-like states using a repetition code. The integration of this encoding with decoding and error-correcting steps in a feedback loop will be the next step for quantum computing with integrated circuits.     

横场下Ising变磁体的基态性质

采用平均场理论研究了横场下双子晶格Ising变磁体的基态磁性质,计算了基态能量、纵向交错磁矩、纵向磁化率、横向磁矩等重要物理量·分别计算了施加不同横向磁场Ω时纵向交错磁矩ms,z0,纵向磁化率χt,z0和横向总磁矩mt,x0随纵向磁场的变化·结果表明,横向磁场的作用使系统的自旋由与平面垂直方向朝着与平面平行方向偏转,从而阻碍了自旋沿与平面垂直方向的反转·给出了纵向磁场h与横向磁场Ω平面的基态相图,确定了三相点的位置为hi=0 3578,Ω=0 7156·计算表明,在横向磁场较小而纵向磁场较大时,系统发生一级相变;在横向磁场较大而纵向磁场较小时,系统发生二级相变;横向磁场对Ising变磁体的基态...