Biological and pharmacological significance of the expanded S-outer shell in electron transfer reactions

Zusammenfassung Die Dihydrosulfoxidgruppe wird als potentielle Wirkungsgruppe für die Photolyse von Wasser zur Diskussion gestellt. Die Möglichkeiten der Elektronenübertragung von Cytochromdihydrosulfoxid werden erwogen.

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The author received the primary inspiration for this study during a Research Fellowship with Dr.M. Calvin of the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory at the University of California in Berkeley. Further assistance of Dr.J. A. Bassham of the Berkeley Group is appreciated. Thanks are also due to Drs.L. A. Strait, L. D. Tuck, andE. C. Jorgensen of the School of Pharmacy at the U.C. Medical Center, San Francisco, for discussions and assistance during the writing of this paper.     

Morphine suppression of ethanol withdrawal in mice

Summary The acute administration of morphine, alcohol or dopamine results in a pronounced suppression of the convulsions produced by alcohol in mice. The suppressive action of morphine on alcohol withdrawal in the mouse apparently is not a product of morphine intoxication, but rather to some other specific interaction between alcohol and morphine in the central nervous system. The conclusion suggest that dopamine may play a significant role as a modulator in convulsions produced during alcohol withdrawal.Dr.Kenneth Blum is Associate Professor in Pharmacology at The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio and a Career Teacher in Drug Abuse and Alcoholism under a grant number 1-TO1-DA00290-01 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse.Acknowledgments. Our thanks are due toB. Wiggins, R. Marin andS. Elston for their excellent technical assistance. Research funded in part by Air Force Grant No. AFOSR-71-2075.     

Monoamine oxidase localization in the ependyma and infundibular recess in the catfishClarias batrachus and its probable significance

Summary The presence of monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and MAO positive tracts bridging the CSF and the subependyma strongly suggest the involvement of CSF in the neuroendocrine control of hypophysial function.Our thanks are due to Prof.K. N. Udupa, Director and Dr.L. M. Singh, Officer in charge of the laboratory, for providing facilities and to the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research of India for the financial assistance. We are grateful to Prof.C. J. Dominic whose cryostat was extensively used for cutting frozen sections.     

Bacteria as cell surface markers on normal and malignant mammalian cells

Zusammenfassung Bakterien haften an der Oberfläche kultivierter Säugetierzellen in charakteristischer Weise. An Krebszellen haften sie nicht nur am Vorderteil, sondern auch an der Zelloberfläche und in Kernnähe.

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I thank the Royal Society for some of the equipment used in this research, the Nuffield Foundation for the award of a fellowship, and Prof.I. M. Goodbody for facilities in the Department of Zoology, University of the West Indies, Jamaica, while on sabbatical leave of absence from the University of Glasgow. I am also indebted toJ. B. Cowey, A. S. G. Curtis andD. R. Newth, of Glasgow University for their criticisms and advice, and to Miss E. Cray for assistance in the experiments.     

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and experimental atherosclerosis in rats

Summary In rats 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid effectively counteracts the lipemic and atherosclerotic response of massive doses of vitamin D₂. It regressed the formation of atheromatous arterial lesions. Furthermore the significant decrease in serum -lipoprotein levels on HMG treatment could be due to decrease in VLDL triglyceride and cholesterol levels.Acknowledgments. The authors are indebted to Dr.W. Drell, President, Calbiochem, San Diego, California, USA, for generous gift of HMG and Lady Tata Memorial Trust, India, for providing financial assistance to one of us (S.Y.K.Y.).     

Preparation of isolated cells from rat heart

Summary Suspensions of isolated cells from rat heart were prepared and the data for viability and yield are given. Glucose uptake by the cells was mediated by a carrier system.The technical assistance of Mr.E. T. Potter, Mr.K. D. Patel and Mr.M. Griffin is gratefully acknowledged.     

Reduced foetal calcium without skeletal malformations in rats following high maternal doses of a strontium salt

Zusammenfassung nachweis, dass hohe Strontiumkonzentrationen die Kalzifikation der, Knochen neugeborener Mäuse, und diejenige in Knochengewebskulturen hemmen. Im Gegensatz dazu und zu anderen knochenaffinen metallen wirkt Strontiumnitrat in Dosen von25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, verabreicht während des 9. bis 19. Trächtigkeitstages, bei Ratten nicht teratogen.

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We are indebted to Mr.K. L. Murray of the Government Chemist's Laboratory for analyzing tissue samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. We are also grateful toDr. R. F. Crampton, Director of BIBRA, for his interest and advice in this work.     

The prinary tissue culture of rat adult decapsulated adrenal glands: Problems of methodology and applications

Riassunto Le colture primarie di surrene di Ratto adulto si prestano molto bene a studi morfologici e funzionali mediante tecniche di indagine diverse (microscopia ottica ed elettronica, istochimica, autoradiografia, biochimica). Sono stati effettuati studi originali sulla coltura di tessuto surrenale dopo permanenza prolungata in azoto liquido e sull'isolamento di linee cellulari differenziate di cellule corticali.

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Acknowledgment. Authors thank ProfessorV. Meneghelli, Director of this Institute, for his encouragement and interest in this work. MissLucia Bolognani and Dr.Anna Belloni provided skilful technical assistance.     

Establishment of a cell line (XTC-2) from the South African clawed toad,Xenopus laevis

Résumé On décrit une méthode pour l'établissement d'une culture de cellules du crapaud a griffes sudafricain,Xenopus laevis, afin de l'infecter avec des arbovirus. Les cellules (XTC-2) ont subi une culture continue pendant 3 ans. Elles ont un nombre diploïde de chromosomes. Elles furent cultivées aux températures de 22°C et de 28°C dans un milieu de culture dilué de NCTC 109 avec 10% de sérum de veau foetal.

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We thank ProfessorD. S. Bertram, Director of the Department of Entomology at the School, for his continued interest; Mr.A. O. Langi for technical assistance and Dr.L. Hamilton, Middlesex Hospital Medical School, London, for supplying theXenopus tadpoles. We are especially grateful to the Wellcome Research Laboratories, Beckenham, for supplying medium NCTC 109, and to Mr.D. J. Richmond of the Laboratories for responding to our request for medium promptly and willingly. The work is supported in part by a grant from the Medical Research Council of Great Britain.     

Metabolically regulated cyclical contractures in microinjectedSpirostomum: A pharmacological study

Summary Spirostomum was treated extracellularly and intracellularly with a range of metabolites to investigate the intracellular regulation of cyclic calcium movements. The results indicate, close links between calcium movements and mitochondrial metabolism.We are grateful to Dr.A. Gaudemar, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelle, Gif-sur-Yvette, France for a gift of bongkrekic acid, to Dr.D. C. Aldridge, Biochemistry Dept., I. C. I. Ltd., Macclesfield, U. K. for a gift of avenceolide and toE. M. Ettienne for many hours of discussion. Dr.R. B. Hawkes is a Visiting Research Fellow at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.     

The response of the adrenal gland to hypoglycaemia in the conscious calf

Résumé La sécrétion de glucocorticoides et de catécholamines par la glande surrénale droite fut observée chez des veaux conscients après une injection d'insuline. L'accroissement de la production de stéroides fut passagère malgré une hypoglycémie ininterrompue.

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Acknowledgements. This work was supported by grants from the Medical Research Council, the Smith, Kline & French Foundation and Twyford Pharmaceutical Services Ltd. We are also indebted to Dr.D. M. Burley (CIBA) for his continued assistance and to Dr.P. C. Risdall (Boots Co. Ltd.) who supplied the highly purified insulin. K.W.M. has been supported by the Agricultural Research Council. It is a particularly pleasure to acknowledge the skilled technical assistance provided by Mr.P.M.M. Bircham.     

Suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by vitamin A

Résumé L'encéphalomyélite allergique expérimentale n'apparaît pas chez les cobayes auxquels on a injecté de fortes doses de vitamine A.

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The authors are indebted toElisabeth Móre for technical assistance.     

Hyperglucagonemia,hypocalcemia and diminished gastric blood flow-evidence for an etiological role in stress ulcer of rat

Zusammenfassung Unter Zwangshaltung entwickeln intakte, scheinoperierte und adrenalektomierte Ratten eine Drosselung der Magenperfusion und unterschiedlich häufig Nekrosen und Erosionen in der Magenmukosa. Dieses Phänomen ist von einem erheblichen Anstieg an Pankreasglucagon begleitet, während Gastrin unter Stress eher abfällt.

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Acknowledgment. We are gratefully indebted toK. Schwille, A. Wellmann andG. Besold for skillful technical assistance.     

Neuron-neuronal attachments in the parietal cortex of the rat

Zusammenfassung Eine quintilineare neuronale Verbindung, die nicht durch hypertonische Spül- und Fixationsmittel zu sprengen ist, wird beschrieben.

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I wish to express my deep indebtedness toGraciela, my wife for her invaluable and disintereshed assistance.     

Cytochemical demonstration of ‘marker’ enzymes in nerve cells cultured in vitro

Zusammenfassung Die Enzymaktivität des Nervengewebes in Kulturen wird untersucht um funktionelle und morphologische Befunde zu vergleichen. Es werden sogenannte «Marker» Enzyme beschrieben sowie deren histochemische und färberische Darstellung.

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This work was done at the Department of Anatomy (Director, Dr. M.Okamoto), Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto; and Laboratory for Cell Physiology (Director, Dr. M. R.Murray), Department of Surgery, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York. The work at Columbia University was supported by a Post-doctoral fellowship from National Multiple Sclerosis Society.     

Interpretation of the methylene blue reduction test of human plasma and the possible cancer protecting effect of selenium

Zusammenfassung Der früher zur Krebsdiagnose vorgeschlagene Plasma-Methylenblau-Entfärbungstest nachSavignac ² undBlack ³ spricht im wesentlichen auf die Plasma-Selenkonzentration an. Daraus ergeben sich Hinweise für die möglicherweise krebsschützende Wirkung des Selens, die durch statistische Daten gestützt wird.

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This research was supported by Grants of the Academic Senate, University of California, San Diego, and Grant No. GP 28485 X of the National Science Foundation.     

The release of dopamine from the putamen

Zusammenfassung Der Ruheertrag des Dopamins aus dem erregten Katzenputamen wurde bei genügender Niederfrequenzreizung der Substantia nigra mehr als verdoppelt. Mit dieser Beobachtung wird der histochemische Nachweis des nigro-neostriatalen dopaminergischen Weges gestützt.

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This work was supported by the Medical Research Council of Canada. Thanks are due toR. Walker for his excellent assistance.     

Daily fluctuations in adrenal catecholamine concentration

Zusammenfassung Feststellung eines Tag-Nacht-Rhythmus der Konzentration von Adrenalin und Noradrenalin in den Nebennieren von Ratten.

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Supported by U.S.P.H.S. Grant No. NS-08929.

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Acknowledgements. We would like to express our appreciation toLaurel Patterson andJacqueline Skaggs for their excellent technical and secretarial assistance.     

The effects of antineoplastic agents of the respiratory activity of murine lymphocytic leukemia L1210

Résumé On a évalué des effets de plusieurs agents antinéoplastiques sur la consommation d'oxygène des lymphocytes leucémiques L1210 de la souris et on les a mis en corrélation avec l'activité antitumorale de chaque composition. Cette étude indique qu'il n'y a pas de rapport apparent entre ces deux paramètres de l'action des drogues.

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Acknowledgments: The authors wish to express their appreciation to Dr.R. M. Folk of Battelle's Columbus Laboratories for his consultation and advice and toMelanie Crossin for her technical assistance.

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Supported by Grant No. AM-HE-12084-15 from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, and Grant No. 7132 from The Ohio State University General Research Support Fund.     

Small intestinal absorption ofd-galactose and water in fasted and alloxan diabetic rats

Zusammenfassung Leerdarm- und Krummdarm-Aufsaugung vond-Galaktose und Wasser wurde mit einer Pumpendurchströmung in vivo bei normalen und Alloxan-diabetischen Ratten geprüft. 24 Stunden Fasten erhöhte die Aufnahmefähigkeit normaler Ratten, ergab aber keinen Unterschied zwischen normalen Ratten beim Fasten und solchen, die mit Alloxan für 24, 48 und 72 Stunden diabetisch wurden.

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Thanks an due toStanley Smith andPhillip Gray for skilled technical assistance.