石墨烯拉伸力学性能温度相关性的数值模拟

采用Tersoff势对扶手椅型(Armchair)和锯齿型(Zigzag)单层石墨烯薄膜在不同热力学温度下(0～3 000 K)的单向拉伸力学性能进行了分子动力学模拟,预测了石墨烯薄膜拉伸力学性能对温度的依赖性,并比较了不同温度条件下相同几何尺寸的扶手椅型和锯齿型单层石墨烯薄膜拉伸力学性能的差异.结果表明:石墨烯薄膜的拉伸力学性能和变形机制对温度有强烈的依赖性,2种不同手性的单层石墨烯薄膜的杨氏模量、抗拉强度、拉伸极限应变均随温度的升高而显著减小.石墨烯薄膜力学性能的各向异性也受温度的影响,当温度低于600 K时,扶手椅型石墨烯薄膜的力学性能优于锯齿型的;但当温度超过600 K时,特别是高温时,扶手椅型薄膜的力学性能的优势逐渐减弱,甚至低于锯齿型的.     

单壁碳纳米管热稳定性的模拟研究

运用紧束缚近似分子动力学模型,模拟研究了各种单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs)在300~4 000 K范围内的热稳定性.结果表明:手性碳管的热稳定性明显优于其它类型的碳管,半径相近的单臂管比锯齿管更稳定.在深入分析碳纳米管内碳键结构的基础上,进一步探讨了各种碳管的碳键从sp2向sp3转变的情况,利用键重构对碳管的热稳定性给出了理论解释;通过平均能量和温度的关系曲线分析,研究碳管热稳定性的变化.     

单壁碳纳米管尺寸和手性对α-丙氨酸分子手性转变限域的影响

用量子化学ONIOM(B3LYP/6-31++g*:UFF)方法,考察扶椅型单壁碳纳米管SWCNT(5,5),(6,6),(7,7)、锯齿型SWCNT(9,0),(10,0),(11,0)和螺旋型SWCNT(8,2),(8,3),(8,4),(9,1),(9,2),(9,3)中的α-Ala分子结构和手性转变机制.结果表明:与单体相比,当α-Ala分子限域在直径小的SWCNT中时,其C—C—C键角、C—C—N—C二面角和H—N—H键角增加较大,其他结构参数值略有增减;只存在H先在羧基内转移,手性碳上的H再以羰基11O为桥梁转移的反应通道;当α-Ala分子限域在SWCNT(5,5),(9,0),(8,2),(9,1)中时,羧基内H转移和H从手性碳转移到羰基的能垒较低;α-Ala分子限域在SWCNT中的H转移反应能垒随管径的减小而降低;不同手性的SWCNT对H转移反应能垒影响较小.     

碳纳米管高温热形变的研究

使用分子动力学方法对单壁碳纳米管高温下的结构进行了计算机模拟 .对直径为 1.35nm、长度为 2 .34nm、拓扑结构为扶手椅形式 (10× 10 )的单壁碳纳米管进行了分子动力学模拟 ,模拟结果表明 ,碳纳米管开头端由于能量弛豫过程 ,直径比内部略大 ,在温度逐渐升高之后 ,构成纳米管的碳原子逐渐偏离晶格位置 ,碳纳米管至少在 30 0 0K之下结构是稳定的 .     

Ne原子在纳米碳管中的动力学模拟

采用TLHT势和经典分子动力学方法,对Ne原子进入单壁纳米碳管（single—wall carbon nanctube,SWCNT）的动力学过程进行了模拟．根据计算结果,讨论了Ne原子在SWCNT形成稳定振荡的条件及其振荡频率的影响因素．研究表明,Ne原子在碳管半径范围为3．5～6．1A可以稳定性振荡,而与SWCNT的类型无关．同时还发现Ne原子的振荡频率与管径、管长和螺旋性有关,随管径和管长的增大而减小,而Ne原子在扶手椅型纳米碳管的周期比在锯齿型的纳米碳管的周期长,表明原子在扶手椅型纳米碳管中滑动摩擦阻力比后者要大．     

纳米管的第一性原理计算

基于Hartree-Fock和密度泛函理论(DFT)混合近似下的第一性原理计算,系列地研究了单壁碳纳米管(扶手椅管、锯齿管、手性管)和单壁氮化硼纳米管的杨氏模量、卷曲形变能以及电子能带结构.分析了单壁碳纳米管的管径、管型和能隙宽度对其杨氏模量理论计算值的影响,给出了纳米管管径和手性对卷曲形变能的影响.     

碳纳米管的手性对发射电流的影响

建立了SWCNT的发射电流与外加电场之间的关系式，分析了SWCNT的手性结构对发射特性的影响．数值计算的结果表明，在电场相同、管径相近的情况下，发射电流从大到小依次为锯齿型(金属性)、扶手椅型、手性(金属性)、手性(半导体性)和锯齿型(半导体性)管．     

扶手椅型单壁碳纳米管的尺寸对赖氨酸分子手性转变反应的限域影响

采用量子力学与分子力学组合的ONIOM方法,研究了限域在几种不同尺寸的扶手椅型单壁碳纳米管内赖氨酸分子的手性转变机理.结构分析表明:随着纳米管管径的减小,限域其中的赖氨酸分子构型的形变越来越明显,骨架碳原子间的键角明显增大;手性碳上的H与氨基N的距离逐渐变小.反应通道研究发现:标题反应在不同尺寸的纳米管内具有不同的通道,在SWCNT(5,5),SWCNT(6,6)和SWCNT(7,7)分别具有1个、4个和3个反应通道.势能面计算表明,赖氨酸限域在SWCNT(5,5)时,手性转变的吉布斯自由能垒被降到最低值192.8kJ·mol-1,是由手性碳上的质子向氨基氮和氨基上的质子向羰基氧双质子协同迁移的过渡态产生的.与裸反应的此通道决速步能垒252.6kJ·mol-1相比较有显著降低.结果表明:SWCNT(5,5)对赖氨酸的手性转变反应具有较好的限域催化作用,可作为实现赖氨酸旋光异构的纳米反应器.     

氮掺杂单壁碳纳米管结构的第一原理计算

利用第一原理, 通过密度泛函理论计算掺杂氮原子的单壁碳纳米管几种可能的几何结构. 研究表明, 含氮的锯齿型单壁碳纳米管比含氮的扶手椅型单壁碳纳米管的几何结构稳定; 在富含氮的单壁碳纳米管中, 径向形变比轴向形变明显, 并讨论了掺杂氮后碳纳米管中碳氮原子间的键合情况.      

集中荷载下碳纳米管的弯曲及其分子动力学模拟

利用圆柱壳半无矩理论研究了悬臂碳纳米管在集中荷载作用下的弯曲问题,得到了该问题的内力解和位移解,并通过分子动力学模拟验证了理论解的适用性.研究结果表明,当锯齿型碳纳米管长径比为5.2～12.0、扶手椅型碳纳米管长径比为5.5～18.0时,理论解与分子动力学模拟结果较为吻合.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the