饱和蒸汽在过冷液面瞬态凝结可视化实验

为了研究饱和蒸汽射入水中和在过冷液面的凝结特性,实验采用S270A型红外热成像仪取代了前期实验的热电偶,精确测出了CMT内蒸汽凝结过程的温度变化.根据实验结果发现热水层的再分层现象,并揭示热水层随时间的变化趋势.最后计算出有、无遮流板时的瞬态凝结换热系数;加遮流板时压力平衡前的凝结换热量占了总换热量的62%～76%,无遮流板时体换热系数最大达到了约70 000 W/(m3·℃).     

板式换热器中蒸汽凝结换热特性

在板式换热器的蒸汽凝结换热试验台上进行了实验研究,获取蒸汽完全凝结和部分凝结两种典型工况下的换热和压降特性．且就板式换热器中蒸汽凝结过程的换热进行分析和处理,得到了一个在板片槽道中蒸汽凝结换热系数关联式．并推荐用于板式换热器的蒸汽凝结换热系数的计算．     

H─5型金属油扩散泵油蒸汽返流的研究

获取没有油蒸汽的高真空是近代很多部门急需解决的问题。利用Ｈ─５型扩散泵 研究了返流的来源及经向分布。应用电表秤装置对返流随扩散泵工作过程的变化进行了 研究,并解释了部份物理过程。发现油蒸汽沿导管传输呈指数衰减规律,即 Ｌ和 ｄ分别是管子的长度及直径,ｎ０是 Ｌ＝０处的蒸汽密度,ｎ是 Ｌ处的蒸汽密 度,α是油蒸汽分子打在管壁上的凝结系数。理论推导与实验结果相差１１％。测量了 油蒸汽打在油收集极上的凝结系数及返流油束中二次散射到收集极背面的数量。     

气空间中不凝结气体对自然循环流动沸腾的影响

为了研究不凝结气体对反应堆安全的影响，在清华大学核能技术设计研究院５ＭＷ热工水力实验台架上研究了气空间中有不凝结气体存在时自然循环两相流稳定性的变化。实验发现：在气空间中有很高的氮气分压情况下，即使冷凝器投入运行，系统仍可能出现沸腾和两相流振荡，汽液交界面的温度可达到气空间总压对应的饱和温度，蒸汽分压在气空间中存在不均匀分布。这些现象的研究对压水反应堆变工况运行有重要意义。并对汽液交界面的Ｓｔｅｆａｎ流现象进行了理论分析。     

竖直管内二元混合蒸汽凝结放热的实验研究

在分析二元混合蒸汽凝结放热机理的基础上，建立混合蒸汽凝结放热模型，分析微分方程组的无因次数，推导出竖直管内二元混合蒸汽膜状凝结放热的特征量，并通过对乙醇／水混合蒸汽的凝结放热实验研究，得到了一个适用于乙醇／水混合物系的凝结放热通用准则方程，同时，应用平衡设计方法进行乙醇／水混合蒸汽冷凝器的设计，对本实验所得凝结放热准则式和传统的竖直管内蒸汽凝结放热准则式加以比较，结果表明本实验准则式的计算精度明显提高。     

矩形通道内蒸汽射流凝结换热面积的实验研究

针对超声速气液两相流升压装置内高速蒸汽射流凝结现象,在蒸汽质量流率为200~600kg·m-2·s-1、入口过冷水质量流率为4~18t·m-2·s-1、入口过冷水温度为20~50℃的条件下,使用矩形截面蒸汽喷嘴和混合腔进行了可视化实验研究;采用热平衡相变模型计算了蒸汽射流凝结的换热面积,给出了换热面积随汽水参数的变化规律,并建立了预测归一化换热面积的实验关联式。研究结果表明:蒸汽喷嘴截面形状对射流凝结流场结构影响不大,气液两相区是蒸汽凝结的主要区域,蒸汽在气液两相区内以小气泡的形式与过冷水完成能量交换,换热面积随蒸汽质量流率和过冷水温度的增加而增加,随过冷水质量流率的增加而减小。实验中测得的换热面积在2.4×10-3~7.8×10-3 m2之间,换热面积实验关联式预测值与实验值的误差在±10%以内。本文研究结果对超声速气液两相流升压装置的优化设计和安全运行具有重要意义。     

圆管外Marangoni凝结特性实验系统的研究

设计搭建了圆管外凝结换热实验系统,并在此基础上进行了以水-酒精混合蒸汽为工质的凝结换热实验。分析了影响圆管外凝结换热特性的因素,对实验值与理论值进行了对比分析后,得到了较理想的实验数据。     

自升压蒸汽动力循环的理论研究

采用超音速汽液两相流升压加热技术，回收透平抽汽对液态工质加热过程中损失的部分有用能完成升压，从而代替泵和回热加热器，与锅炉、汽轮机及凝汽器等构成自升压蒸汽动力循环，其效率比初终参数和回热级数相同的蒸汽动力循环提高2．6％．由于回热系统无面式换热器，因而锅炉给水在加热过程中不接触铜质换热面，消除了高压蒸汽含铜的现象，也避免了杂质在透平通流部分的沉积，提高了可靠性。回热加热过程不受不凝结气体和结垢的影响，也不产生疏水，从而简化了回热系统，减小了系统体积。     

冷凝激波管内水,乙醇凝结两相流的理论和实验研究

对冷凝激波管内的水、乙醇蒸汽凝结两相流进行了较深入的理论与实验研究，蒸汽在自发凝结时，伴有潜热释放，气液两相之间产生传质、传热及动量传递，从而存在耦合效应。本文从两相流的基本方程组出发，导出非定常凝结两相流的特征线及其相容方程组，从而对激波管内凝结两相流进行了理论分析及数值计算。在一凝结激波管试验台上分别对水、乙醇、苯３种工质的凝结两相流进行了实验测试，用光测系统对液滴进行光散射测量，并引入先进的     

立式三分螺旋折流板冷凝器的数值计算

利用立式三分螺旋折流板冷凝器之倾斜折流板的疏液强化凝结传热是一种创新的改进.以数值模拟的方式,研究立式三分螺旋折流板冷凝器模型中倾斜折流板的疏液和螺旋通道内的流动汽液分离对凝结换热强化的影响.模拟结果表明,凝结换热效果随折流板倾斜角度减小而强化,且在含不凝性气体时,倾斜角为15°,25°和35°的3种三分螺旋折流板冷凝器方案和弓形折流板换热器方案比无折流板光管束Nusselt凝结模型方案的平均凝结换热系数分别高出89.7%,75.7%,58.2%和33.1%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that