Strong polarization enhancement in asymmetric three-component ferroelectric superlattices

Theoretical predictions--motivated by recent advances in epitaxial engineering--indicate a wealth of complex behaviour arising in superlattices of perovskite-type metal oxides. These include the enhancement of polarization by strain and the possibility of asymmetric properties in three-component superlattices. Here we fabricate superlattices consisting of barium titanate (BaTiO3), strontium titanate (SrTiO3) and calcium titanate (CaTiO3) with atomic-scale control by high-pressure pulsed laser deposition on conducting, atomically flat strontium ruthenate (SrRuO3) layers. The strain in BaTiO3 layers is fully maintained as long as the BaTiO3 thickness does not exceed the combined thicknesses of the CaTiO3 and SrTiO3 layers. By preserving full strain and combining heterointerfacial couplings, we find an overall 50% enhancement of the superlattice global polarization with respect to similarly grown pure BaTiO3, despite the fact that half the layers in the superlattice are nominally non-ferroelectric. We further show that even superlattices containing only single-unit-cell layers of BaTiO3 in a paraelectric matrix remain ferroelectric. Our data reveal that the specific interface structure and local asymmetries play an unexpected role in the polarization enhancement.     

温度梯度铁电薄膜的极化偏移特性研究

采用平均场近似下的横场伊辛模型理论,同时考虑了遂穿频率与温度的相互关系,重点研究了BaTiO3温度梯度铁电薄膜的极化偏移特性.研究表明:量子起伏效应对于温度梯度铁电薄膜的性质有重要的影响,在低温区量子起伏效应尤其显著；温度梯度的存在导致了薄膜内部的极化强度的梯度分布；对于下温度梯度铁电薄膜来说,当量子起伏效应达到足够强时,可以改变极化梯度和极化偏移的方向.     

铁电超晶格相变性质的推迟格林函数方法研究

基于横场伊辛模型，用推迟格林函数方法研究了双层铁电超晶格的居里温度和自发极化.通过对横场伊辛模型的格林函数运动方程进行高级截断近似，给出了格林函数中本征频率的普遍表达式，并进一步地获得了铁电超晶格的本征频率.然后对铁电超晶格的居里温度、各层的自发极化以及平均自发极化进行了计算和分析.     

边界条件对温度梯度铁电薄膜极化和相变性质的影响

在平均场理论的框架下,采用横场伊辛模型研究了两种不同的边界条件(自由边界条件和固定边界条件)对温度梯度铁电薄膜极化和相变性质的影响.由于薄膜内部的温度梯度分布导致了铁电畸变,使得薄膜的弹性热应力增加,引入分布函数来描述不同边界条件下赝自旋相互作用强度的变化.通过研究发现自由边界条件下的薄膜的极化强度和相变温度要高于固定边界条件下的薄膜的相应值,同时薄膜厚度和温度梯度的变化对固定边界条件下的铁电薄膜的影响要更加显著.     

晶体畴反转过程中畴壁运动与极化电流特性研究

为了解晶体畴反转的动力学过程,利用马赫-曾德干涉实验系统,研究了外电场极化下掺镁铌酸锂和纯净铌酸锂晶体在畴反转过程中的畴壁运动和极化电流特性。实时记录了掺镁7 mol%、掺镁5 mol%铌酸锂和纯净铌酸锂晶体在畴反转过程中的畴壁特征和极化电流变化情况,发现离散的畴壁速度脉冲伴随着离散的极化电流脉冲,连续的畴壁速度脉冲对应着连续的极化电流脉冲。掺镁铌酸锂晶体正向反转和纯净铌酸锂反向反转的畴壁速度变化和极化电流变化比较尖锐,而掺镁铌酸锂晶体反向反转和纯净铌酸锂正向反转的畴壁速度变化和极化电流变化比较缓和。最后对实验现象进行了解释。     

Magnetic phase control by an electric field

The quest for higher data density in information storage is motivating investigations into approaches for manipulating magnetization by means other than magnetic fields. This is evidenced by the recent boom in magnetoelectronics and 'spintronics', where phenomena such as carrier effects in magnetic semiconductors and high-correlation effects in colossal magnetoresistive compounds are studied for their device potential. The linear magnetoelectric effect-the induction of polarization by a magnetic field and of magnetization by an electric field-provides another route for linking magnetic and electric properties. It was recently discovered that composite materials and magnetic ferroelectrics exhibit magnetoelectric effects that exceed previously known effects by orders of magnitude, with the potential to trigger magnetic or electric phase transitions. Here we report a system whose magnetic phase can be controlled by an external electric field: ferromagnetic ordering in hexagonal HoMnO3 is reversibly switched on and off by the applied field via magnetoelectric interactions. We monitor this process using magneto-optical techniques and reveal its microscopic origin by neutron and X-ray diffraction. From our results, we identify basic requirements for other candidate materials to exhibit magnetoelectric phase control.     

活化极化控制下合金表观与真实腐蚀极化图

提出了描述合金的腐蚀动力学存在两种腐蚀极化图:(1)合金的表观腐蚀极化图——以电极电位相对单位合金面积上的阳极电流和阴极电流为坐标系;(2)合金的真实腐蚀极化图——以电极电位相对合金中各相的真实阳极电流密度和阴极电流密度为坐标系.研究了在活化极化控制下,阴阳极面积比对合金腐蚀动力学的影响,获得了在两种坐标系中合金腐蚀动力学的定量关系式,由此建立了表观腐蚀极化图与真实腐蚀极化图之间的关系.将表观和真实腐蚀极化图两者结合起来,既可以直观地表示出合金的腐蚀速率,又可以清楚地分析控制腐蚀电池过程的机理.     

正交电场作用型自旋场效应管的自旋极化控制

研究了电场调控型自旋场效应管的量子输运过程.该场效应管主要由双正交电场和Rashba自旋轨道耦合共同调制.运用散射矩阵方法并结合介观体系的相关输运理论,揭示了自旋场效应管在各参数调控下的自旋量子输运过程,其自旋输运规律可由相关理论给予解释.数值计算表明,与平行电场相比,对于自旋轨道耦合型自旋场效应管的量子输运,垂直电场的调制能够导致更加明显的自旋翻转.     

利用偏振态法测量光纤偏振效应

在庞加莱球的基础上,对原来偏振模色散的测量方法进行了理论分析,研究表明,一阶偏振模色散测量的误差影响二阶偏振模色散的测量.通过推导,提出了利用偏振态测量二阶偏振模色散的方法.此外,基于具有偏振相关损失和双折射的密勒矩阵洛伦兹变化特性,推导出利用偏振态测量偏振相关损失的简化方法,证实了测量偏振相关损失取决于密勒矩阵的第一列元素,该方法对于偏振相关损失的测量只需要2个输人偏振态,因此具有测量速度快和测量误差小的优点.实验的测量结果证实了利用偏振态测量2种光纤偏振效应的可靠性.     

含磁控忆阻器阻尼特性电路的混沌特性分析

提出了一个基于忆阻器的五阶混沌电路,确立了电路模型,建立了相应的非线性微分方程组,并对系统进行了混沌动力学仿真分析。研究表明,忆阻器可明显影响本非线性电路的混沌特性。计算了系统的Lyapunov指数、功率谱等,获得了系统的时域图、相图、庞加莱截面及大量有价值的数据,验证了理论分析的正确性。     

磁悬浮电主轴系统动态分析及振动控制技术综述

高速电主轴性能的好坏直接决定着高档机床的发展,而切削系统的动态特性及振动控制效果又与电主轴的性能密不可分,它们互相影响、协同决定着机械加工过程中的切削效率、工件的表面质量以及刀具的使用寿命。为此,对磁悬浮电主轴、磁悬浮轴承-柔性转子系统建模理论和动力学特性及柔性磁悬浮电主轴转子振动主动控制技术的现状进行了评述,指出了目前柔性磁悬浮电主轴切削领域中所存在的问题,并对磁悬浮电主轴研究的发展趋势及应用前景进行了预测。     

地物偏振反射数据的获取与数据库的建立

典型地物偏振反射数据库系统是一个建于微机上的系统,该系统利用地物偏振反射测量装置与微机接口自动采集数据,目前,已建立单叶植被、土壤、岩矿、水体４个类型的偏振反射数据库,共采集数据４０多万个,不仅实现了偏振光数据与参数的快速查询,而且可以将调用查到有关数据进行屏幕上的实时绘图和多种分析,该系统的建立可为偏振光遥感技术的研究和应用提供信息服务,同时也为遥感信息的目标获取提供了一个新的手段。     

可补偿高阶偏振模色散的前馈式补偿器

在传输速率为10Gb/s及以上的光通信系统中,偏振模色散(PMD)导致的信号恶化会严重影响系统的传输性能,为了提高系统的传输性能,必须对偏振模色散进行补偿。对由两段一阶偏振模色散补偿单元级联构成的偏振模色散补偿器,提出改进方法,设计成两步控制的前馈式结构PMD补偿器,计算机数值仿真结果证明了该补偿器的适用性。     

佛山城镇空间的极化与反极化过程及其协调发展

佛山地处珠江三角洲城镇密集带．城镇密集带是经济要素最为活跃的地区．其空间结构的组织和演化具有一定的规律．本文结合空间极化理论和空间组织理论,分析了佛山市城镇空问系统的发展过程,指出佛山城镇空间的发展是自组织和被组织过程的统一,这种过程通过不断的极化一反极化、调整一再极化作用的驱动．目的是要形成协调发展的城镇空间系统。而佛山市行政区划的调整正适应这一城镇空间发展规律的要求。     

Nucleation and growth mechanism of ferroelectric domain-wall motion

The motion of domain walls is critical to many applications involving ferroelectric materials, such as fast high-density non-volatile random access memory. In memories of this sort, storing a data bit means increasing the size of one polar region at the expense of another, and hence the movement of a domain wall separating these regions. Experimental measurements of domain growth rates in the well-established ferroelectrics PbTiO3 and BaTiO3 have been performed, but the development of new materials has been hampered by a lack of microscopic understanding of how domain walls move. Despite some success in interpreting domain-wall motion in terms of classical nucleation and growth models, these models were formulated without insight from first-principles-based calculations, and they portray a picture of a large, triangular nucleus that leads to unrealistically large depolarization and nucleation energies. Here we use atomistic molecular dynamics and coarse-grained Monte Carlo simulations to analyse these processes, and demonstrate that the prevailing models are incorrect. Our multi-scale simulations reproduce experimental domain growth rates in PbTiO3 and reveal small, square critical nuclei with a diffuse interface. A simple analytic model is also proposed, relating bulk polarization and gradient energies to wall nucleation and growth, and thus rationalizing all experimental rate measurements in PbTiO3 and BaTiO3.     

PLZT铁电薄膜的制备及其性能

在温度为97℃,水浴回流10h的条件下,用旋涂法在Si（100）基底上,通过改变溶胶的滴加量、转速、升温速率、煅烧温度及保温时间,制备出性能良好的PLZT铁电薄膜,并用精密阻抗分析仪（PIA）对其介电性能进行测试,研究发现：PLZT铁电薄膜未被击穿时,随着测试频率厂的提高电容逐渐减小,而介电损耗会出现突变,在测试频率达到1MHz时,介电损耗一次突变;当PLZT铁电薄膜被击穿时,随着测试频率厂的升高,介电损耗会逐渐增大,在外场频率达到1MHz时开始减小,当膜被击穿后,电感将不可恢复,而材料的电容具有恢复特征,随着测试频率的升高,电容在逐渐减小．