Hepatitis B virus DNA integration in a sequence homologous to v-erb-A and steroid receptor genes in a hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is clearly involved in the aetiology of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the finding of HBV DNA integration into human liver DNA in almost all HCCs studied suggested that these integrated viral sequences may be involved in liver oncogenesis. Several HBV integrations in different HCCs and HCC-derived cell lines have been analysed after molecular cloning without revealing any obvious role for HBV. From a comparison of a HBV integration site present in a particular HCC with the corresponding unoccupied site in the non-tumorous tissue of the same liver, we now report that HBV integration places the viral sequence next to a liver cell sequence which bears a striking resemblance to both an oncogene (v-erb-A) and the supposed DNA-binding domain of the human glucocorticoid receptor and human oestrogen receptor genes. We suggest that this gene, usually silent or transcribed at a very low level in normal hepatocytes, becomes inappropriately expressed as a consequence of HBV integration, thus contributing to the cell transformation.     

Controlled synthesis of HBsAg in a differentiated human liver carcinoma-derived cell line.

A significant aspect of primary hepatic carcinoma in man is the high positive correlation of hepatocellular carcinoma with infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV)1. Analysis of the relationship between HBV infection and oncogenesis is difficult because natural infection with HBV is limited to man and experimental infection has been achieved only in chimpanzees and gibbons. Furthermore, because HBV has not been successfully propagated in cell culture, basic study of virus-cell interaction of the aetiological agent of one of the most widespread infections of man has been impossible. Recently, however, a cell line (PLC/PRF/5) derived from a human hepatoma biopsy was described which produces the HRV surface antigen (HBsAg) and so provides a tool for the experimental investigation of HBV in viro. We now report the derivation and characterisation of two additional cell lines primary liver carcinomas. In contrast to the PLC/PRF/5 cell line, these cell lines retain the capacity to synthesise many human plasma proteins, including both albumin and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). One of these lines also produces BHsAg. We also present evidence that HBsAg synthesis and secretion in this cell line are correlated with the growth state of the culture. This finding is in contrast to the continuous HBsAg production found in the PLC/PRF/5 cell line.     

Hepatitis B virus integration in a cyclin A gene in a hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA frequently integrates into the genome of human primary liver cancer cells, but the significance of this integration in liver carcinogenesis is still unclear. Here we report the cloning of a single HBV integration site in a human hepatocellular carcinoma at an early stage of development, and of its germline counterpart. The normal locus was found to be transcribed into two polyadenylated messenger RNA species of 1.8 and 2.7 kilobases. We have isolated a complementary DNA clone from a normal adult human liver cDNA library which has an open reading frame with a coding capacity for a protein of 432 amino acids and relative molecular mass 48,536. The strong homology of the C-terminal half of the protein to the A-type cyclins of clam and Drosophila identifies it as a human cyclin A. The cyclin A gene has several exons, and the HBV integration occurs within an intron. As cyclins are important in the control of cell division, the disruption of a cyclin A gene by viral insertion might contribute to tumorigenesis.     

广西肝癌中HBV感染与N-ras基因突变的研究

应用ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ和免疫组化法检测２９例广西南部肝癌组织中的Ｎ－ｒａｓ基因突变和ＨＢＶ感染状况，结果，肝癌中Ｎ－ｒａｓ基因在第２￣３７密码子之间的突变率为７９．３％，其中２２例有２￣５个突变位点，该基因突变也见于癌旁组织，肝组织中ＨＢｓＡｇ和ＨＢｓＡｇ和ＨＢｘＡｇ检出率分别为８６．２％和７９．３％，两者具有相关性，并与Ｎ－ｒａｓ基因突变率呈相平行的趋势。因广西南部的肝癌与ＡＦＢ１污染有关，本研究     

人肿瘤细胞株中细小病毒H—1的DNA扩增与非结构蛋白NS—1基因的表达

研究三株人癌细胞和两株对照细胞对细小病毒Ｈ－１杀伤作用敏感性的分子机制．表明了在感染复数ｍｏｉ（ｍｕｌｔｉｐｉｃｉｔｙｏｆｉｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｎ）为５ｐｆｕ（ｐｌａｑｕｅｆｏｒｍｉｎｇｕｎｉｔ）／细胞的情况下，作为Ｈ—１病毒复制受纳细胞的人肝癌细胞株ＯＧＹ－７７０３和人胃癌细胞株ＳＧＣ—７９０１，能够支持病毒ＤＮＡ扩增和非结构蛋白ＮＳ—１基因的表达，这和作为阳性对照的由ＳＶ４０转化的新生儿肾细胞株ＮＢ—Ｋ一样，但对Ｈ—１病毒感染有抗性的人肾癌细胞株ＯＵＲ—１０和它的对照人胎肾细胞株ＨｕＫ—１，并不支持病毒ＤＮＡ扩增和ＮＳ—１蛋白的表达．本文结果指出，细小病毒Ｈ—１的杀伤作用与细胞中的病毒ＤＮＡ扩增及ＮＳ—１基因表达的程度相关．     

乙型肝炎病毒蛋白及COX-2在乙肝相关性肝细胞癌发展与转移中的作用机制

目的探讨乙型肝炎病毒蛋白及环氧合酶-2(COX-2)在乙肝相关性肝细胞癌发展与转移中的作用机制.方法取42例慢性乙肝患者行穿刺活检时乙型肝炎病毒ccc DNA为阳性乙肝相关性肝细胞癌组织;另取同期手术切除的11例ccc DNA为阴性的非乙型肝炎相关性肝癌组织.免疫组化法检测乙型肝炎病毒X蛋白、COX-2、CD34的表达水平,Werdner法计算微血管密度;分析上述因子与乙肝相关性肝细胞癌组织微血管生成的相关性.RT-PCR和Western blot检测人肝癌细胞系(HepG2)和稳定转染乙型肝炎病毒X蛋白(HepG2-X)细胞中COX-2mRNA和蛋白表达情况;ELISA法检测细胞上清液中PGE2表达水平和不同浓度COX-2抑制剂塞来昔布作用后PGE2水平.结果乙型肝炎病毒X蛋白阳性表达组织中COX-2阳性率明显高于乙型肝炎病毒X蛋白阴性表达组织和非乙型肝炎相关性肝癌组织(P0.01).乙型肝炎病毒X蛋白阳性表达组织中早期癌症微血管密度明显低于进展期癌症组织,乙型肝炎病毒X蛋白阴性表达组织中微血管密度明显低于阳性表达组织(P0.01);COX-2阳性表达组织中微血管密度明显高于COX-2阴性表达组织(P0.01);非乙型肝炎相关性肝癌组织中微血管密度明显低于乙型肝炎病毒X蛋白、COX-2阳性表达组织(P0.01),与乙型肝炎病毒X蛋白阴性表达组织和COX-2阴性表达组织之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05);乙型肝炎病毒X蛋白、COX-2在乙型肝炎相关性人肝细胞癌组织微血管生成呈正相关.HepG2-X细胞中COX-2 mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显高于空载体对照HepG2细胞,并且细胞培养上清液中PGE2水平明显增加;与HepG2细胞相比,塞来昔布对HepG2-X细胞分泌PGE2具有更强的抑制作用.结论乙型肝炎病毒X蛋白、COX-2在乙肝相关性肝细胞癌组织中高表达,促进了癌组织微血管生成;乙型肝炎病毒X蛋白可通过COX-2/PEG2信号通路促进了肝癌的发生和发展.     

单胺氧化酶活性分析在HBV感染者中的应用

目的分析乙肝病毒(HBV)感染者血清单胺氧化酶活性,研究其临床应用价值.方法应用终点比色法检测血清单胺氧化酶(MAO)活性;ELISA法检测乙肝病毒标志物;PCR法检测HBv DNA;常规方法检测ALT.结果 ALT异常组,大三阳HBsAg(+),HBeAg(+),Anti-HBc(+)和小三阳HBsAg(+),Anti-HBe(+),Anti-HBc(+)合并HBV DNA阳性的HBV感染者MAO显著升高,而小三阳并HBV DNA阴性者MAO升高不明显;ALT正常组仅40例大三阳患者MAO升高明显,其他各组MAO大多在正常范围内.结论 HBV感染后,只要有病毒复制,就会破坏肝细胞,引起MAO升高.MAO活性分析对肝脏病情的判断有重要价值.     

HIV-1和HBV复合型DNA免疫的初步研究

近年的研究表明,在啮齿类和非人灵长类免疫带有编码病毒和细菌抗原基因的质粒ＤＮＡ可以激发体液和细胞免疫应答．在本实验中,将ＨＢＶ的Ｓ基因和ＨＩＶ－１的ｇｐ１６０基因以融合形式插入到载体ｐｃＤＮＡ３中,其能表达ＨＢｓＡｇ和ｇｐ１６０的融合蛋白,并将此质粒ＤＮＡ分别直接注射到Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠和Ｓｗｉｓ小鼠．三次免疫后,用ＥＬＩＳＡ的方法初步检测ＨＢｓＡｇ和ｇｐ１６０抗原特异的抗体免疫应答均为阳性．结果说明,带有ＨＢＶ和ＨＩＶ－１融合基因的质粒ＤＮＡ直接免疫小鼠后,均激发了小鼠产生相应的免疫应答反应,这个结果为研究和生产多价疫苗提供了新的思路     

应用PCR－SSCP银染技术检测消化系统肿瘤的P53基因突变

应用ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ银染技术，初步研究了肝细胞癌、胃癌和大肠癌中Ｐ５３基因的第６和第７外显子的分子结构改变。对来自癌组织ＤＮＡ和正常组织ＤＮＡ的ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ电泳带迁移作对比分析，发现３０例肝癌病人中，６例肝癌样品电泳带迁移异常；２６例胃癌病人中，４例胃癌样品电泳带迁移异常；２９例大肠癌病人中，６例大肠癌样品电泳带迁移异常。依据ＤＮＡ单链构象与分子电泳迁移的关系，研究结果表明：该三组病人中，Ｐ５３基因第６、７外显子的突变率分别为２０．０％，１５．４％和２５．０％。同时，也间接提示了Ｐ５３基因突变可能是肝细胞癌、胃癌和大肠癌中一种较多见的分子结构改变。     

Biosynthesis of hepatitis B virus surface antigen in Escherichia coli

Hepatitis B is a widespread viral disease. In the absence of cell cultures capable of propagating the virus (HBV) an efficient vaccine has been prepared from viral envelopes isolated from the plasma of chronic carriers. The major polypeptide of the envelope is one of molecular weight 25,000 which carries the surface antigen (HBsAg). Therefore, the biosynthesis of this polypeptide in Escherichia coli may offer an alternative procedure to produce HbsAg free from human proteins. Recently, the HBV genome has been cloned in E.coli. Determination of its primary structure allowed the localization of the gene (called gene S) coding for HBsAg and the synthesis of the core antigen in E.coli has been reported. We have constructed a derivative of bacteriophage lambda carrying a fusion between the beta-galactosidase gene (lacZ) and the HBsAg coding sequence (lambdalacHBs-1). Infection of E.coli with lambdalacHBs-1 leads to the biosynthesis of a polypeptide of molecular weitht 138,000 carrying antigenic determinants of HBV surface antigen.     

人乙肝病毒DNA在感染树鼩肝细胞内状态的研究

为探讨人乙肝病毒ＤＮＡ在树Ｑｕ肝细胞内存在状态，对经血清学证明已被感染的树Ｑｕ肝组织进行转移印迹杂交分析。结果，在实验感染早期的树Ｑｕ肝细胞检出ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ复制的中间体；在实验中晚期的动物肝细胞发现整合型的ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ。表明树Ｑｕ肝对ＨＨＢＶ敏感，可成为乙肝和肝细胞癌发病机理研究及治疗乙肝药物筛选的较好的实验动物模型。     

树对人乙型肝炎病毒易感性的验证

为验证树对人乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV)的易感性 ,用含 HBV的人血清接种给 10只成年树 (雌雄各半 )。然后每周抽血 1次 ,每只动物共抽血 11次。用不同公司生产的 EL ISA试剂检测接种后的动物血清感染指标。实验观察至 13周 ,结果分别有 9只和 7只动物出现 HBs Ag阳性 ,持续最短 1周 ,最长 7周。用 PCR检测 ,结果有 1只动物连续 4周在血清中检测出 HBV DNA。表明树能感染人 HBV,但实验有待改进以延长感染持续时间     

树鼩对人乙型肝炎病毒易感性的验证

为验证树Ｑｕ对人乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）的易感性,用含ＨＢＶ的人血清接种给１０只成年树Ｑｕ（雌雄各半）。然后每周抽血１次,每只动物共抽血１１次。用不同公司生产的ＥＬＩＳＡ试剂检测接种后的动物血清感染指标。实验观察至１３周,结果分别有９只和８只动物出现ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性,持续最短１周,最长７周。用ＰＣＲ检测,结果有１只动物连续４周在血清中检测出ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ。表明树Ｑｕ能感染人ＨＢＶ,但实验有待改进以延长感染持续时间。     

Glucocorticoid-dependent oncogenic transformation by type 16 but not type 11 human papilloma virus DNA

Squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix is one of the most common cancers among women. Correlation between human papilloma virus (HPV) infection of the uterine cervix and the development of cervical neoplasia has been established. More recent studies have shown the presence and expression of integrated HPV types 16 and 18 DNA sequences in 70-80% of cervical tumours and tumour cell lines. It has been suggested that, in addition to HPVs, other agents such as hormones and tobacco products act as cofactors in cervical neoplasia (for review see ref. 15). The presence and expression of a glucocorticoid-responsive element in HPV-16 has been reported. Here we provide evidence for the oncogenic transformation of primary cells with a combination of HPV-16 DNA, but not HPV-11 DNA, and the activated form of the human Ha-ras oncogene only in the presence of the glucocorticoid hormone dexamethasone.     

应用SCID鼠筛选肝癌转移性亚克隆及M-H7402亚细胞系的建立

本研究应用人肝癌细胞SCID鼠转移模型，筛选和建立肝癌转移细胞系，旨在为肝癌转移研究提供实验材料．采用人肝癌细胞H7402，腋后背部皮下接种SCID鼠，接种后66天时，在荷瘤鼠赢弱时引颈处死，取其肺组织，进行原代细胞培养和传代培养，获得肝癌细胞H7402的亚细胞克隆，命名为M—H7402．然后，对M—H7402细胞进行了生物学鉴定，检测了细胞形态、染色体、细胞动力学、细胞周期、甲胎蛋白表达、癌基因表达和转移相关基因表达等指标．结果显示，M—H7402细胞的生长、增殖和形态等与亲本细胞H7402十分相近，其染色体形态仍为人类核型，众数维持在72～80之间，占75．0％．RT—PCR检测结果显示，M—H7402细胞甲胎蛋白表达为阳性．Western blot检测结果显示，与亲本细胞H—7402相比，癌基因C—myc表达水平较高，转移抑制基因nm23的表达水平明显下调．从肺组织中获得的肝癌转移细胞系M—H7402，在体外可连续传代培养，细胞形态不变．应用SCID鼠筛选获得的亚细胞克隆，与亲本细胞形成配对关系，可为肝癌细胞转移的研究提供新的实验材料。     

治疗性乙型肝炎疫苗研究反思

 “治疗性乙肝疫苗”是以乙肝病毒(HBV)的表面抗原(s抗原)为基础的生物制剂,目的是激发抗s抗原免疫反应,终止HBV慢性感染.HBV的e抗原与s抗原无抗原性关联,对e抗原的反应也与病毒及感染细胞的清除无关,因此以II期临床试验者血清有关病毒e抗原的数据结果,尚不能判断“治疗性乙肝疫苗”是否有效.疫苗的应用是抵御病毒入侵,而治疗性乙肝疫苗是在病毒已经进入人体后应用,在患者肝细胞可能广泛受累的情况下,疫苗一旦打破耐受激发抗s抗原免疫反应,除能清除血清中游离的病毒和s抗原颗粒外,将直接攻击被感染的肝细胞.由于无法估计慢性HBV感染者肝细胞感染程度,所以无法推测免疫反应发生后,免疫病理所致的肝损程度以及相应的风险.在应用上隐含如此风险,是“治疗性乙肝疫苗”走不出实验室的重要因素之一.     

用双探针原位杂交法检测常见肝病组织中输液传染性病毒DNA

目的：建立肝组织输液传染性病毒DNA(TTVDNA)的原位杂交检测技术，探讨TTVDNA在肝组织中的分布。方法：采用PCR扩增法，分别合成地高辛标记的Gla、G2b两种亚型的双链TTVDNA探针。同时应用两型探针对22例血清学检查无甲-庚型肝炎病毒感染的肝病患者肝组织TTVDNA进行原位杂交检测，并将检测结果与巢式PCR法检测配对血清TTVDNA的结果进行比较。结果：原位杂交阳性信号主要定位于肝细胞核，少数位于胞浆。22例肝病患者肝组织标本中TTVDNA原位杂交阳性率68.2％（15/22），其中慢性肝炎、肝硬化、肝细胞癌患者中原位杂交阳性率83.3％（15/18），4例肝破裂、肝良性肿瘤患者TTVDNA原位杂交检测皆为阴性。配对血清TTVDNA阳性率63.6％（14/22）。血清与肝组织TTVDNA检测符合率86.4％（19/22）。结论：双探针原位杂交检测具有较高的特异性和灵敏性，有助于肝病病因的分析。TTVDNA在慢性肝炎、肝硬化、肝细胞癌的肝组织中检出率较高，提示TTV可能与这些肝病有关。