Synthesis dynamic and developmental profile of prothoracicotropic hormone between diapause- and nondiapause-destined individuals in Helicoverpa arrnigera

Biosynthesis and secretion of prothoracicotropic hormone （PTTH） of diapause- and nondiapausedestined individuals in Helicoverpa armigera were studied using whole-mount immunocytochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The immunocytochemistry revealed that PTTH is expressed in two pairs of lateral neurosecretory cells of the brain. The presence of immunoreactivity has not significant difference between the brains of the diapause- and nondiapause-destined 6th instar larvae. However, the obvious differences of expressional pattern from day 4 pupae were observed between the two types. PTTH titers in hemolymph from the 6th instar larvae to pharate adults were measured by the ELISA. Although there were similar titer changes between the two types of individuals at the larval stage, a significant difference from developmental expression was detected at the pupal stage, suggesting that the expression and secretion of PTTH does play a crucial role in regulation of pupal diapause of H. armigera.     

Metallothionein expression induced by nickel accumulation in the midgut of Spodoptera litura Fabricius larvae exposed to nickel

Metallothionein expression induced by nickel accumulation in the midgut of Spodoptera litura Fabri- cius larvae was investigated by exposing S. litura larvae to the artificial diets amended with different doses of nickel for 3 generations. Nickel accumulations in the midgut of 6th instar larvae were detected by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES), and the induced metal- lothionein expression in the midgut of 5th and 6th instar larvae in 120 h were quantified using cad- mium-hemoglobin total saturation methods. The accumulated nickel in the midgut of the 6th instar larvae within a generation increased with the increase of the nickel doses in the treated diets and showed significant dose-dependence with the nickel doses in diets. Metallothioneins induced by nickel accumulated in the larval midgut also increased with nickel doses in diets and with the increasing stressing time in a generation. Results also suggested that the metallothionein expression was differ- ent with the time of S. litura larvae stressed by nickel.     

家蚕促咽侧体素受体基因克隆及发育表达

文章克隆得到家蚕(Bombyx mori)神经肽促咽侧体素受体基因(Allatotropin receptor,BommoATR),开放阅读框全长为1 254 bp,编码416个氨基酸.Bommo-ATR氨基酸序列的二级结构预测为7次穿膜蛋白,符合GPCR家族成员的典型特征.实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,家蚕脑-咽下神经节复合体中的ATR mRNA在5龄幼虫期表达量最高,其次为蛹后期,蛹前期和成虫阶段表达量最低.其中5龄幼虫第2天表达量最高,1～5 d持续维持较高的表达水平,这可能与保幼激素的合成有关.     

家蚕BmMet2基因的组织定位与激素诱导表达分析

Met作为保幼激素(JH)的受体, 能编码bHLH-PAS结构域结合DNA并调控下游基因的表达。为了探究BmMet2是否作为JH的受体参与调控家蚕的生长发育,以家蚕为材料,用生物信息学方法分析了BmMet2蛋白结构,利用实时定量PCR检测其在翅原基不同时期和激素诱导下的表达情况;原核表达了BmMet2中能与DNA结合的蛋白区域BmMet2DBD,并制备了抗体;利用蛋白质印迹法(Western blotting)和免疫组化检测了BmMet2在家蚕多个时期和各组织中的定位表达情况。结果显示:在翅原基中,BmMet2在5龄第3天和5龄第6天有较高水平的表达,蛹期的表达量较低,这与家蚕体内JH的滴度一致;BmMet2在5龄第6天、吐丝期和预蛹期的胸节表皮、脂肪体及翅原基等组织中都有较高的表达;JH和20E均对BmMet2有不同程度的诱导,说明其可能同时参与了JH和20E的调控, 进而参与调控家蚕变态发育过程。     

斜纹夜蛾精巢的发育和精子的发生

采用解剖观察、石蜡组织切片及苏木精-曙红染色方法,利用显微镜照相获取图像,研究了斜纹夜蛾幼虫到成虫精巢的发育及精子的发生.研究结果表明:2个精巢在预蛹期开始融合,并在蛹期融合成1个;在成虫期,随着精子的排出,精巢体积逐渐减小;斜纹夜蛾雄性生殖细胞发育为有核精子和无核精子,2种精子的发生都经过精原细胞囊期、精母细胞囊期和精细胞囊期;精子的形成主要区别在于有核精子的细胞核有一个变形过程,而无核精子形成过程中不经过细胞核变形,且后期将细胞核丢弃.综上所述,有核精子的主要发育时期为6龄到蛹期,而无核精子的主要发育在蛹期.本研究结果可为进一步研究和控制精子形成以及利用生殖机理防治斜纹夜蛾打下基础.     

斜纹夜蛾前胸腺的生长发育研究

 通过解剖观察4龄至蛹期斜纹夜蛾前胸腺,对其形态特点和生长发育规律进行了研究,主要结果如下：发现斜纹夜蛾前胸腺由53个左右的圆形或椭圆型细胞成串组成,Y型,成对,外围包裹一层透明鞘膜,位于胸部第一气门的气管丛内;在斜纹夜蛾4龄到蛹期的发育过程中,前胸腺不发生有丝分裂,细胞数量基本恒定;前胸腺细胞直径在幼虫发育期间不断增大,斜纹夜蛾幼虫在4龄第1天的前胸腺直径为(28.80±0.47) μm,而到了6龄末期,则增加到(92.22±2.43) μm;幼虫期的斜纹夜蛾前胸腺细胞直径和虫体体质量呈显著相关,r=0.826,P=0.000,拟合曲线方程为Y=82.1X ^0.263;此外,幼虫期的斜纹夜蛾前胸腺细胞直径和虫体体长也呈现出显著相关,r=0.886,P=0.000,拟合曲线方程： Y=e^{(4.781-1.863/Z)}。     

Ecdysteroids in the larvae of Opogona sacchari （Bojer）, a invasive alien pest

In order to understand the composition and quantitative variation of ecdysteriods in the larvae of Opogona sacchari (Bojer), a invasive alien pest, we analyzed the larval ecdysteroid composition and titers in this pest. The main component of ecdysteriods in the larvae of O. sacchari is 20-hydroxyecdysone, and also there is a little 26-hydroxyecdysone. The titer of ecdysteriods in the larvae from the 1st instar to the 7th instar was gotten higher gradually compared on ng ecdyster-oid/larva, but no regularity could be found about the titer if compared on ng ecdysteroid/g avoirdupois. There was only one peak of ecdysteroids (0.5475 ng/larva) showed at day 2 during the developmental time of the 6th instar larvae. However, there were two peaks appearing during the developmental time of the 7th instar larvae , one peak (0.29415 ng/larva) at day 3, another (0.214 ng/larva) at day 5.     

寄主植物和试虫龄期对斜纹夜蛾药剂敏感性的影响

采用浸叶法测定了取食芋、甘薯、白菜和空心菜4种不同寄主植物的斜纹夜蛾（Spodoptera litura）4龄幼虫对高效氯氟氰菊酯、毒死蜱、溴虫腈、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和氟虫腈的敏感性,比较了不同龄期幼虫对药剂的敏感性差异。结果表明：在取食的4种寄主植物中,斜纹夜蛾4龄幼虫对以上5种药剂敏感性最高的均为甘薯,敏感性最低的均为芋,取食白菜和空心菜的幼虫对药剂的敏感性无明显差异;不同龄期斜纹夜蛾幼虫对药剂的敏感性存在显著差异,2—4龄幼虫随龄期的增加,药剂敏感性逐渐下降。     

宽带细腹食蚜蝇Sphaerophoria macrogaster生物学特性的初步研究

本文研究了宽带细腹食蚜蝇Sphaerophoria macrogaster(Thompson)的生物学特性,发现该食蚜蝇在福州一年发生7代,各代的历期分别为46.3天、30.9天、66.7天、23.1天、26.1天、37.1天与131.2天。主要以蛹在土壤中越冬和越夏,所以第7代与第3代的历期都很长,蛹期也比其他各代长,分别为100天与45天。每雌的平均产卵量为20.8粒。幼虫期的总捕蚜量为286.7头,其中2、3龄幼虫的捕蚜量占幼虫期总捕蚜量的98.2％。     

Nickel accumulation and its effects on the survival rate of Spodoptera litura Fabricius under continuous nickel stress

The artificial diets mixed with various concentrations of nickel were offered to the larvae of the phytophagous insect Spodoptera litura Fabricius for 3 generations. Nickel accumulations in the 6th instar larvae, pupae and newly emerged adults of the corresponding generations of S. litura were investigated by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES), and the effects of nickel accumulations on the survival rate of S. litura were also evaluated by individual rearing. The results showed that nickel accumulated in the 6th instar larvae, pupae and adults of S. litura, and the accu- mulated nickel in all the tested developmental stages within a generation increased with the increase of the nickel doses in the treated diets and showed significant dose-dependent relationship with the nickel doses in the artificial diets. The results also indicated that the nickel accumulations in the 6th instar larvae, pupae, and newly emerged adults from the 3rd generation were higher than those from the 2nd generation, which were also higher than those from the 1st generation. Nickel concentrations in pupae and adults were significantly lower than those in larvae, which indicated that the excessive nickel might be excreted during metamorphosis. Furthermore, larval survival rate, pupation rate and eclosion rate of S. litura in the tested three generations all decreased with the increase of the nickel doses in the treated diets.     

棉铃虫幼虫蜕皮过程及RH-5992对其蜕皮的影响

用透射电镜技术研究了棉铃虫4龄幼虫在蜕皮过程中表皮层及皮细胞的变化，同时用含蜕皮激素类杀虫剂RH－5992的饲料饲喂4龄幼虫，导致其产生早熟，异常的致死蜕皮，在超微结构水平比较了正常蜕皮和RH－5992对皮细胞和新表皮形成的影响。     

马尾松毛虫幼虫生殖系统的形态学初报

<正> 马尾松毛虫(Dendrolimns punctatus Walker)属鳞翅目、枯叶蛾科(Lepidoptera Lasiocam-pidae),它繁殖力强,迁移扩散快,经常猖獗成灾,是我国危害森林的最严重的历史性大害虫。为了防治马尾松毛虫,必须建立准确、可靠、方便的预测预报方法,掌握其种群数量动态;而昆虫的性比则是种群结构的重要特征,它对种群的数量动态有重要影响。故研究马尾松毛虫雌雄区分问题对建立上述预测、预报方法具有重要实践意义。目前尚未见到关于马尾松毛虫幼虫生殖系统的研究报道。 自1982年起,我们开始对马尾松毛虫的生殖系统进行研究。本文报道此项研究的部分结果。     

Effects of dietary nickel on detoxification enzyme activities in the midgut of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Spodoptera litura</Emphasis> Fabricius larvae

Nickel accumulated in midugt of Spodoptera litura Fabricius could induce the expression of metallothionein, one of the most important detoxification proteins in organisms. In the present study, the effects of dietary nickel on the activities of detoxification enzymes, such as carboxylesterase （CarE） and giutathione S-transferase （GST） in the midgut of S. litura larvae have been studied to get an understanding of the detoxification mechanisms of S. litura larvae to excessive nickel. Results showed that CarE activities in the midgut of the 5th instar larvae decreased at lower levels of nickel （≤5 mg/kg）, while increased with increasing nickel doses at higher levels of nickel （≥10 mg/kg） exposure in successive 3 generations. CarE activities of the 6th instar larvae were also characterized as inhibited at low levels of nickel exposure, and improved at higher levels in the 1st generation. CarE activities of 6th instar larvae in the 2nd and 3rd generations were all lower than that in control. However, GST activities in the midgut of the 5th and 6th instar larvae all increased with increasing nickel doses （1 --20 mg/kg） in diets.     

白纹伊蚊自然种群生命表研究

本研究设计了一套能排除外界新蚊卵产入的特定年龄生命表的研究方法。从1984年至1988年,共组建了15个自然种群生命表。通过生存曲线分析得出,在食物营养丰富生境下,曲线呈明显的上弓形,虫体大多活到生理寿命后死亡;而在食物营养贫乏生境下的生存曲线上弓形不明显,虫体在幼虫期便大量死亡。结合医学昆虫研究特点,采用上下代成虫数建立种群趋势指数,并提出两项趋势指数,较全面地揭示了种群的趋势动态。关键因子及虫期分析得出,种群关键虫期为3～4龄幼虫期,其次为1～2龄幼虫期,而食物营养因子是整个自然种群的关键因子。种群密度制约性分析得出,1～2龄幼虫致死因子的作用是密度制约的。     

Host selection of Helicoverpa armigera and H. assulta and its inheritance

The difference in host selection between the polyphagous Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and the oligophagous H. assulta Quenée was examined, with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) (hosts of H. armigera), tobacco (Nicotiana tobaccum) (host of both H. armigera and H. assulta), and bush redpepper (Capsicum frutescens) (host of H. assulta) as testing plants. A multiple-choice test was used with caged plant cuttings for adult oviposition and with leaf discs for larval feeding. A no-choice test was run for evaluating larval growth rate. The results indicated that the relationship between larval performance and adult preference of H. assulta was more conspicuous than that of H. armigera. Reciprocal hybridization between H. armigera and H. assulta followed by backcrossing of the hybrids (F1) with H. armigera was also carried out for genetic study on host selection of these two insect species. A two-choice test with cotton and bush redpepper leaf discs showed that H. armigera larvae preferred to feed on cotton, and H. assulta larvae to bush redpepper; feeding preferences of the two F1 lines were intermediate between those of their parents, but close to that of their female parent; preference indexes of backcross lines also showed that both maternal factor and chromosomal inheritance were involved in feeding selection of two Helicoverpa species.     

咪唑类化合物对天蚕幼虫生长发育的影响

本文报告了咪唑类化合物——金鹿三眠素对天蚕幼虫生长发育的影响。三龄0～48小时喂饲浸渍过500～2000ppm三眠素溶液的白栎鲜叶后,三眠蚕诱导率最高可达94.56％;诱导所得三眠蚕三、四龄历期明显延长,四龄起蚕体重和四龄末丝腺鲜重重于正常四眠蚕(对照),而三龄至结茧的总历期和熟蚕体重、丝腺鲜重则反之;仍为四眠蚕的三、五龄历期和三龄至结茧的总历期多长于对照、四龄起蚕和熟蚕体重大多重于对照。四龄0～48小时喂饲浸渍过500～2000ppm三眠素溶液白栎鲜叶后,极大多数仍为四眠蚕,三眠蚕诱导率最高仅为9.88％;其中四眠蚕四、五龄历期和四龄至结茧的总历期大多长于对照;诱导所得三眠蚕的四龄历期明显长于对照,但总历期反之。三眠蚕四龄期丝腺鲜重增长明显快于正常四眠蚕,但最终鲜重不及正常四眠蚕。     

恒温饲养黄粉虫的研究

本研究在２８℃恒温室中进行。成虫平均寿命为３４．６天，雌虫羽化３天就能产卵。卵孵化期平均为７．２天。幼虫平均龄期为１２．６龄，幼虫各龄天数差异显著，９龄以上幼虫各龄天数呈显著的递增趋势。蛹期平均为６．０天。在２０—１２０头成虫梯度实验中，单位成虫产出的幼虫平均数与成虫数之间存在显著的负相关性。幼虫在饲料分布均匀的饲养盆中有向中间分布的趋势。羽化后成虫的水分含量和脂肪含量随天数增加而下降。蛹脂肪含量随天数增加而下降，水分含量则上升。低龄幼虫水分含量（６５．５７％）高于高龄幼虫（６１．８９％），高龄幼虫能值（６２５０．２ｃａｆ／ｇＤＭ）高于低龄幼虫（６０２５．３ｃａｆ／ｇＤＭ）．     

郑州地区丝带凤蝶形态、生物学特性和生活史研究

通过野外观察、室内饲养等方法对郑州地区丝带凤蝶的生活史及生物学习性进行研究,记录了丝带凤蝶卵、幼虫、蛹、成虫等各虫态、各虫龄的发育历期和生物学习性.结果表明:丝带凤蝶在郑州地区一年发生4代,以蛹在石缝、落叶或土中越冬.卵、幼虫、蛹、成虫发育历期分别为:5~7d,19~24d,7~9d,12~15d,其中1~5龄幼虫发育历期分别为:3~5d、3~4d、4~7d、4~6d、5~7d.以蛹越冬,越冬蛹期190~220d.初孵幼虫无取食卵壳行为,低龄幼虫有群集取食习性.另外,对各虫态、各虫龄的外部形态也进行了详细描述.     

南方根结线虫侵染对乌桕癞皮夜蛾幼虫生长发育和食物利用的影响

为明确南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)侵染对癞皮夜蛾(Gadirtha fusca)幼虫的影响是否因龄期而异,本研究以南方根结线虫侵染乌桕(Triadica sebifera),选用该植株叶片饲喂癞皮夜蛾大龄幼虫,以未受南方根结线虫侵染植株的叶片作为对照,比较不同龄期幼虫生长指标和食物利用指标的差异。结果表明：随着幼虫龄期的增加,癞皮夜蛾幼虫体质量、取食量及发育历期呈上升趋势;相对生长率呈下降趋势;食物利用率和食物转化率先上升后下降,而近似消化率则呈先下降后略微上升的趋势。线虫侵染处理后,与对照相比,癞皮夜蛾4龄幼虫的相对生长率、食物利用率和食物转化率显著提高;5龄、6龄幼虫的虫体质量和5龄幼虫的相对生长率以及6龄幼虫的取食量、近似消化率、化蛹率显著降低。南方根结线虫侵染对癞皮夜蛾幼虫生长及食物利用的影响因发育阶段而异,主要通过抑制两个末龄龄期幼虫的生长发育及化蛹,从而间接减轻癞皮夜蛾对乌桕的危害。     

稻纵卷叶螟人工饲料的研究

 以稻纵卷叶螟为研究对象,按不同配方配制了6种人工饲料分别用来饲养稻纵卷叶螟,以筛选出适合饲养稻纵卷叶螟的人工饲料。结果表明,在温度为24~26 ℃,相对湿度大于80%,光照条件大于14 h的条件下,其中饲料D、E、F饲养稻纵卷叶螟二龄幼虫只能完成二龄发育,少数幼虫存活到三龄或三龄以上;饲料C饲养稻纵卷叶螟二龄幼虫也只能完成三龄发育;而饲料A和B饲养的稻纵卷叶螟二龄幼虫能完成整个世代发育,存活率分别为26.17%和36.40%,接近对照组新鲜水稻叶饲养的存活率36.67%,且蛹质量和新鲜水稻叶饲养的幼虫没有显著差异,但与对照相比,幼虫历期延长4~6 d、化蛹率下降8%~9%、羽化率下降11%~12%。