Probable heat capacity signature of the supersolid transition

Liquid 4He enters the superfluid state and flows without friction below 2.176 K. Thin liquid films adsorbed on solid substrates undergo the same transformation, although at a lower temperature. When the substrate is subjected to oscillatory motion a portion of the film, known as the superfluid fraction, decouples from the oscillation. A similar phenomenon has been observed in solid 4He, in which a fraction of the solid seems to decouple from the motion of the surrounding lattice. Although this observation has been replicated in various laboratories, no thermodynamic signature of the possible supersolid transition has been seen. Here we report the finding of a heat capacity peak that coincides with the onset of mass decoupling. This complementary experimental evidence supports the existence of a genuine transition between the normal solid and supersolid phases of 4He.     

固体超强酸催化合成马来酸二丁酯的研究

研究了以SO2-4/TiO2固体酸为催化剂,马来酸酐和正丁醇为原料合成马来酸二丁酯,讨论了其影响因素.结果表明,SO2-4/TiO2固体酸催化剂用量为反应物总量2.4%,醇酸摩尔比4、回流状态下反应1.5 h,此条件下酯化率达98.96%,且催化剂性能稳定可重复使用.     

Effects of helium on titanium films and the helium diffusion

Using direct current-magnetron sputtering, Helium-trapped Ti films with a He/Ar mixture was studied. The relative helium content, helium depth profiles for the Ti films and crystallization capacity were analyzed by Enhanced Proton Backscattering Spectrometry （EPBS） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. It was found that helium diffusion enhanced as more helium trapping into Ti films, and the He holding ratios were 95.9%, 94.9%, 93.9%, 82.8% when the Ti films with the He/Ti of concentrations of 9.7 at.%, 19.5 at.%, 19.7 at.%, 48.3 at.% were measured again 4 months later, respectively. The diffraction peaks became weak and wider, the peak of （002） plane was shifted to smaller diffraction angles and the relevant interplanar spacing d（hk,） increased gradually as more helium trapping into Ti films. The main peak was made trending to the （101） plane by both higher deposition temperature and more helium trapping.     

Determination of solid Earth tide phase lag by satellite observation data

The geopotential variation caused by solid Earth, ocean and atmospheric tides can be estimated from artificial satellite orbit perturbations. It is shown that the total tidal variation in geopotential field derived from satellite tracking data, combined with the recent accurate measurements of ocean tide obtained by Topex/Poseidon and atmospheric tide model, permits the estimates of the solid earth tide phase lags for M2 and K1 constituents (respectively 0.12° and 0.13°). This result agrees rather well with the result 0.16° derived from satellite data by Ray and the constrained theoretical result 0.21° given by Zschau; whereas the results given by gravity tidal methods are rather scattering in the phase lag determination.     

试述或有事项的认定与披露

或有事项是过去的交易或事项形成的一种状况,其结果须通过未来不确定事项的发生或不发生予以证实。随着我国市场经济的发展,或有事项这一特定的经济现象,已越来越多地存在于企业的经营活动中,并对企业的财务状况和经营成果产生较大的影响。因此,规范或有事项的会计核算和相关信息披露显得尤为迫切和必要。文章就如何对或有事项的确认、核算及披露等方面进行了分析,并分别就或有负债、或有资产的界定、预计负债的确认进行了论述,使或有事项能够真实的充分披露。     

高氮钢相变及重熔过程的在线观察

在高温、低压或真空状态下高氮钢中的氮会释放出来,常压氮气氛中高氮钢的焊接也会引起氮的损失.利用共聚焦激光扫描高温显微镜对几种高氮钢的高温相变以及重熔时氮的释放进行了在线观察.观察到Fe-12Cr-0.276N的γ-δ相变、Fe-20Cr-8Mn-0.853N的α-γ相变、Fe-19Cr-15Mn-0.576N的γ-δ相变,验证了计算相图的正确性.观察到液态高氮钢熔化时氮气泡上浮到钢液表面、游动和破裂.根据观察到的氮气泡最大直径和液态不锈钢的表面张力,估算了气泡破裂前期内部的氮气压力.共聚焦激光扫描高温显微镜的在线观察适于发现热效应小的相变发生,并能测定新相的尺寸变化和气泡直径,可以弥补DTA/DSC等高温热分析手段的不足.     

Experimental observation of the quantum Hall effect and Berry's phase in graphene

When electrons are confined in two-dimensional materials, quantum-mechanically enhanced transport phenomena such as the quantum Hall effect can be observed. Graphene, consisting of an isolated single atomic layer of graphite, is an ideal realization of such a two-dimensional system. However, its behaviour is expected to differ markedly from the well-studied case of quantum wells in conventional semiconductor interfaces. This difference arises from the unique electronic properties of graphene, which exhibits electron-hole degeneracy and vanishing carrier mass near the point of charge neutrality. Indeed, a distinctive half-integer quantum Hall effect has been predicted theoretically, as has the existence of a non-zero Berry's phase (a geometric quantum phase) of the electron wavefunction--a consequence of the exceptional topology of the graphene band structure. Recent advances in micromechanical extraction and fabrication techniques for graphite structures now permit such exotic two-dimensional electron systems to be probed experimentally. Here we report an experimental investigation of magneto-transport in a high-mobility single layer of graphene. Adjusting the chemical potential with the use of the electric field effect, we observe an unusual half-integer quantum Hall effect for both electron and hole carriers in graphene. The relevance of Berry's phase to these experiments is confirmed by magneto-oscillations. In addition to their purely scientific interest, these unusual quantum transport phenomena may lead to new applications in carbon-based electronic and magneto-electronic devices.     

电子碰撞电离氦原子的三重微分截面

在一级玻恩近似理论框架下,用分波法计算入射电子能量分别为634.59、604.59、400、250、150 eV的氦原子(e,2e)反应的三重微分截面(TDCS),并与实验结果进行比较.在入射电子能量为604.59、400、250 eV情况下,全扭曲波玻恩近似与实验较为符合;在入射电子能量为634.59 eV情况,其敲出电子能量40 eV条件下,考虑敲出电子库仑势的计算结果好于考虑敲出电子扭曲势的计算结果.在固定散射角情况下,Recoil峰的相对强度和Binary峰值位置随敲出电子能量变化的趋势,与文献(Ehrhatdt H,Hesselbacher K H,Jung K,et al.Collisional ionization of helium by 250 eV electrons:experiments with completely determined kinetics[J].J Phys B:At Opt Mol Phys,1972,5:2107-2116)中提到的变化趋势一致.     

基于双频载波相位组合的变形信息逐步精化方法

针对GPS动态变形监测,利用监测点位置精确已知的条件,提出了一种新的单历元变形信息解算算法,避开了整周模糊度的求解和周跳的探测与修复,极大简化了数据处理过程.针对较大的瞬时变形量,首先采用长波长的双频载波相位组合观测量进行求解,然后利用宽巷和L1载波相位观测量进行逐步精化处理,从而可以精确求解高达0.8 m的瞬时变形量.静态和动态实验结果表明,该方法可以达到±5 mm的精度,能够有效应用于快速变形监测.     

运动激波和气泡(串)相互作用的三维数值模拟

对激波和气泡（串）相互作用诱导的大变形界面演化进行了三维数值研究.采用2阶迎风TVD求解欧拉方程得到流场解,采用5阶WENO求解Level Set方程追踪多流体界面.在三维情况下,采用GFM确定界面边界条件.将速度分量分别外推,再沿法线分解,得到伪流体切向速度分量,给出了不同时刻运动激波和气泡（串）作用后的压力、密度云图分布图像.计算结果表明：采用速度分量外推方法适合三维界面边界条件处理,并与二维情况下切向速度直接外推的计算结果兼容,验证了切向速度外推方法的正确性.该方法模拟多个流体界面也是有效的,得到了高分辨率的三维变形界面.     

聚变堆氦冷固态增殖包层中子学分析

聚变堆固态包层框架下,针对初步设计的聚变堆氦冷固态包层进行了中子学分析。选择增殖区的氚增殖剂和中子倍增剂分层分布方案,建立了20°对称D型轮胎环全堆计算模型,对聚变中子源分布离散化处理。借助M on te-C arlo粒子输运程序M CNP对聚变堆包层的氚增殖性能和核热功率进行了计算。结果表明,堆总体氚增殖率达到1.247,核热密度峰值在赤道包层模块,能够实现聚变堆运行的氚自持条件。     

Non-equilibrium degassing and a primordial source for helium in ocean-island volcanism

Radioactive decay of uranium and thorium produces 4He, whereas 3He in the Earth's mantle is not produced by radioactive decay and was only incorporated during accretion-that is, it is primordial. 3He/4He ratios in many ocean-island basalts (OIBs) that erupt at hotspot volcanoes, such as Hawaii and Iceland, can be up to sixfold higher than in mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs). This is inferred to be the result of outgassing by melt production at mid-ocean ridges in conjunction with radiogenic ingrowth of 4He, which has led to a volatile-depleted upper mantle (MORB source) with low 3He concentrations and low 3He/4He ratios. Consequently, high 3He/4He ratios in OIBs are conventionally viewed as evidence for an undegassed, primitive mantle source, which is sampled by hot, buoyantly upwelling deep-mantle plumes. However, this conventional model provides no viable explanation of why helium concentrations and elemental ratios of He/Ne and He/Ar in OIBs are an order of magnitude lower than in MORBs. This has been described as the 'helium concentration paradox' and has contributed to a long-standing controversy about the structure and dynamics of the Earth's mantle. Here we show that the helium concentration paradox, as well as the full range of noble-gas concentrations observed in MORB and OIB glasses, can self-consistently be explained by disequilibrium open-system degassing of the erupting magma. We show that a higher CO2 content in OIBs than in MORBs leads to more extensive degassing of helium in OIB magmas and that noble gases in OIB lavas can be derived from a largely undegassed primitive mantle source.     

多元羧酸可能的异构体数的计算

本文利用图论方法首先求出任意个羧基取代的烷基的构造、构型和非手性构型的计数母函数。以此为计数级数进一步求出任意元羧酸的构造、构型、非手性构型和手性构型的计数母函数。部分数字结果用表格形式给出。     

氦原子基态解析波函数的研究

采用二元泛函变分的方法,求出氦原子基态能量和波函数．该方法比一元泛函变分法得到的结果更接近实验值．计算结果与实验值之差,比用传统方法缩小了１５％．     

HTR-10 氦气阀门设计要求

核电站运行时,阀门是最易发生事故的设备之一。为了确保核电站的安全,必须选用安全可靠的阀门。１０ＭＷ高温气冷实验堆（ＨＴＲ－１０）中的氦气阀门有十多个品种、３００多台,主要为截止阀、调节阀、止回阀、安全阀等。这些阀门是高温气冷堆中面广量大的承压设备,它们连接着高温气冷堆中众多的系统,对于保证高温堆的正常稳定运行及安全停堆起着重要的作用。该文介绍了ＨＴＲ－１０氦气阀门的概况,氦气阀门的要求、核级氦气阀门的设计、制造、质量保证、检验和出厂试验。