气体反压化学发泡注塑产品泡孔结构形成与演变过程的实验研究

以标准拉伸样条为研究对象，系统探讨了气体反压工艺中反压压力和作用时间对化学发泡注塑成型过程中熔体发泡行为的影响。根据实验获得的结果，提出了前沿泡孔不破裂的临界反压压力、熔体不发泡的临界反压压力和二次发泡卸压时间，并揭示了气体反压技术对化学发泡注塑过程中熔体发泡行为的影响机理。     

注塑成形过程中型腔信息在线检测装置的研制

设计并制造了一种注塑模具型腔信息在线检测装置,综合利用传统传感器检测法、可视化观测法和超声波检测法,分别检测塑料熔体在模具型腔中的热、力学变化情况,以及充填模式信息和微观形态演化行为.在检测装置中,塑料模具设计成带侧向分型抽芯的模具结构,同时运用多媒体计时器技术和多线程编程技术开发数据采集系统.实验结果表明:所设计的模具安全可靠,检测装置可获得成形过程中塑料熔体的温度及压力信息、充填模式图像和结晶形态的形成与演化行为,实现真实加工条件下注塑成形过程的全面可视化.     

挤了模流道的优化设计

结合塑料熔体流变理论和实践经验，提出了塑料异型材挤出模流道优化设计的思想和方法，通过计算机对流道系统进行设计，使流体在流道中流动分布均匀，流道设计合理，缩短设计时间。     

挤出模流道的优化设计

结合塑料熔体流变理论和实践经验，提出了塑料异型材挤出模流道优化设计的思想和方法．通过计算机对流道系统进行优化设计，使流体在流道中流动分布均匀．流道设计合理，缩短设计时间．     

Pb-6％Bi合金熔体结构转变及其对凝固的影响

通过Pb-6％Bi(质量分数)合金熔体的电阻率-温度行为，揭示在第一轮升温过程于813.3～1 135.9℃温度区间内发生熔体结构状态不可逆的变化；探索熔体状态对凝固行为与组织的影响，并利用牛顿热分析法(NrA)计算凝固潜热及固相分数随时间的变化。研究结果表明：当合金熔体经历结构转变后，凝固过冷度从5.4℃增大到8.4℃，凝固潜热从5.33×107 J/m3增加到7.08×107J/m3，凝固所需时间由28 s增加到39 s，凝固组织显著细化。熔体结构变化是合金熔体中Bi-Bi共价键原子团簇分解所致，且这一过程是一个熵增的过程，新的熔体结构更加均匀无序；当温度降低时，这些团簇不会重新形成。这会使得凝固形核需要有更大的过冷度，形核率增加，晶体生长速度降低，从而致使组织细化。不同的熔体结构状态对凝固有明显的影响。     

Sb及Bi熔体的非牛顿流变行为

采用同轴圆筒高温粘度计，测定了Sb、Bi的流变性。结合牛顿定律的理论分析将剪切应力与剪切速率的关系转换成搅拌扭矩与转速的关系，用来判断熔体的流变特性。实验结果显示Sb熔体的扭矩-转速图成良好的线性关系，而Bi熔体则呈现明显的非牛顿性。两种熔体所表现出的不同的流变行为，与其液态结构密切相关。     

热流道注射成型的拖曳换料

在热流道注射成型过程中，换料不彻底和费时常常影响制品的质量和生产率，在生产中，采用多次注射法或以白色材料作为换色的过渡料等方法实现快速换料．作者基于聚合物熔体的流变行为，提出了拖曳换料的概念，建立了新料熔体和旧料熔体在热流道系统中共同流动的物理模型和数学模型．结果表明该模型较好地解释了注射速度、注射压力、粘度、温度、热流道模具的结构等对拖曳换料效率的影响；当热流道模具采用分区加热、多点控温技术时，控制新、旧料熔体的粘度小，可以明显提高换料后期的换料能力，改善生产中先易后难、先快后慢的换料过程，提高整个过程的换料能力．     

Sn的质量分数对Bi-Sn合金熔体结构的影响

用相对能量耗散方法在升温过程中对纯Bi、纯Sn及Bi-Sn合金熔体进行了较系统地研究。结果表明,随着Sn质量分数的不同,熔体表现出不同的相对能量耗散行为;富Sn合金熔体的相对能量耗散行为与纯Sn相似,富Bi合金熔体的相对能量耗散行为与纯Bi相似。     

SiCp 在 Al 基复合材料中分散行为的研究

研究了合金熔体的固相率、搅拌速度、合金元素加入量、粒子预处理和搅拌时间等因素对Ａｌ基复合材料中ＳｉＣ粒子分散行为的影响和ＳｉＣ粒子在Ａｌ合金熔体中的混合过程．实验结果表明，４０％～５０％的熔体固相率最适宜粒子在熔体中混入，由于Ｌｉ极易氧化不利于ＳｉＣ粒子在熔体中的均匀分散．而且随搅拌时间的延长和Ｍｇ量的增多，ＳｉＣ粒子的分散更趋向均匀化．     

挤塑机挤出熔体的粘度建模

聚合物的挤压生产中粘度被认为是评价挤出熔体质量的最好指标，但由于缺乏相应的传感器，很难设计其反馈控制系统。本文在研究聚合物粘度测量方法的基础上，提出利用快速前向回归建模方法和柱子群优化算法构造熔体粘度的径向基网络模型。实验结果表明所建模型能准确反映粘度跟踪粘度值，简单结构使其容易推广到其它聚合物挤压过程。     

Open structure of the Ca2+ gating ring in the high-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel

High-conductance voltage- and Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels function in many physiological processes that link cell membrane voltage and intracellular Ca(2+) concentration, including neuronal electrical activity, skeletal and smooth muscle contraction, and hair cell tuning. Like other voltage-dependent K(+) channels, Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels open when the cell membrane depolarizes, but in contrast to other voltage-dependent K(+) channels, they also open when intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations rise. Channel opening by Ca(2+) is made possible by a structure called the gating ring, which is located in the cytoplasm. Recent structural studies have defined the Ca(2+)-free, closed, conformation of the gating ring, but the Ca(2+)-bound, open, conformation is not yet known. Here we present the Ca(2+)-bound conformation of the gating ring. This structure shows how one layer of the gating ring, in response to the binding of Ca(2+), opens like the petals of a flower. The degree to which it opens explains how Ca(2+) binding can open the transmembrane pore. These findings present a molecular basis for Ca(2+) activation of K(+) channels and suggest new possibilities for targeting the gating ring to treat conditions such as asthma and hypertension.     

离子液体调控超导研究

载流子在超导材料中扮演关键角色,其浓度调控对研究超导特性及相关量子器件至关重要.然而载流子浓度通常与其他自由度相互耦合,难以做到单一物理量变化,例如,化学掺杂同时会导致晶格等发生变化.最近迅速发展的离子液体调控技术,兼具了传统的化学掺杂和场效应晶体管优点——大范围、原位、可逆地调节载流子浓度.随着这项技术的发展,逐渐演变出两类调控思路:静电场效应和电化学调控.本文从这两个方面,回顾了离子液体调控在诱导新奇超导态和调控高温超导薄膜物性上的应用:静电场效应对绝缘或半导体体系十分有效,而对于本身载流子浓度较高的材料(如高温超导体等),电化学调控则发挥了重要作用.离子液体因其强大的原位调控能力和易于与其他手段结合的特点,正逐渐成为超导研究中不可或缺的手段,在构建精确相图、突破高温超导机理等方面发挥不可替代的作用.     

Voltage-sensing residues in the S4 region of a mammalian K+ channel

The ability of ion-channel proteins to respond to a change of the transmembrane voltage is one of the basic mechanisms underlying electrical excitability of nerve and muscle membranes. The voltage sensor has been postulated to be the fourth putative transmembrane segment (S4) of voltage-activated Na+, Ca2+ and K+ channels. Mutations of positively charged residues within S4 alter gating of Na and Shaker-type K+ channels, but quantitative correlations between the charge or a residue in S4 and the gating valence of the channel have not yet been established. Here, with improved resolution of the voltage dependence of steady-state activation, we present estimates of the equivalent gating valence with sufficient precision to allow quantitative examination of the contribution of individual charged residues to the gating valence of a mammalian non-inactivating K+ channel. We conclude that at least part of the gating charge associated with channel activation is indeed contributed by charged residues within the S4 segment.     

CSP多核处理器芯片的低功耗设计

提出了3种高主频多核处理器CSP芯片的功耗优化技术,即电源域间隔关断技术、流量感知的动态频率调节技术和层次式门控时钟技术.结果表明,3种优化技术对降低芯片功耗的作用均非常有效,能够不同程度地降低芯片的总功耗.其中,电源域间隔关断技术能够解决静态漏流功耗,流量感知的动态频率调节技术和层次式门控时钟技术能够控制动态功耗.     

Novel mechanism of voltage-dependent gating in L-type calcium channels

Activation of voltage-dependent calcium channels by membrane depolarization triggers a variety of key cellular responses, such as contraction in heart and smooth muscle and exocytotic secretion in endocrine and nerve cells. Modulation of calcium channel gating is believed to be the mechanism by which several neurotransmitters, hormones and therapeutic agents mediate their effects on cell function. Here we describe a novel type of voltage-dependent equilibrium between different gating patterns of dihydropyridine-sensitive (L-type) cardiac Ca2+ channels. Strong depolarizations drive the channel from its normal gating pattern into a mode of gating characterized by long openings and high open probability. The rate constants for conversions between gating modes, estimated from single channel recordings, are much slower than normal channel opening and closing rates, but the equilibrium between modes is almost as steeply voltage-dependent as channel activation and deactivation at more negative potentials. This new mechanism of voltage-dependent gating can explain previous reports of activity-dependent Ca2+ channel potentiation in cardiac and other cells and forms a potent mechanism by which Ca2+ uptake into cells could be regulated.     

基于Moldflow的手机电池盖浇口位置选择

首先对手机电池盖的结构进行分析,选择了两种浇口位置,并据此设计了2种浇注系统.然后采用Moldflow软件分别从充填时间、流动前沿处温度、体积收缩率等方面对这两种浇注系统进行注塑成型分析和比较,最终确定了最佳浇注方案和最佳浇口位置.     

超短脉冲测量技术

脉冲的准确测量影响脉冲在很多方面的应用。对于脉冲宽度在飞秒量级的超短脉冲可以采用频率分辨光栅(FROG)方法进行准确测量,这篇目文章讨论了FROG的基本原理和它的算法,并进行了数值模拟。     

基于笔记本上边框的Moldflow分析与应用

利用现代CAE技术及Moldflow 软件,对笔记本上边框注塑件不同方案的浇注系统进行流动模拟分析,选定合理的浇注系统。通过优化分析模具方案的冷却系统,确定模具的最佳设计方案。并举例说明M o ldf lo w 在注塑成型中能够有效地解决传统注射模具设计的缺陷。提高了注射模具的质量,降低了成本。     

重型机床铸件底返雨淋浇注系统实验研究

本文研究底返雨淋式浇注系统。通过充型过程的水力模拟实验,测定了内浇口的流速、压力以及流量分配等物理参数,观察了充型过程中各局部的流动景象;在此基础上,考虑了底注时的充型效果,对其流动特性进行了理论分析,并对几种铸造缺陷的形成机理做了探讨,得出了一些与顶注式浇注系统截然不同的结论,并实现了机床床身类铸件底返雨淋浇注系统的计算机辅助设计。     

The ELF3 zeitnehmer regulates light signalling to the circadian clock

The circadian system regulates 24-hour biological rhythms and seasonal rhythms, such as flowering. Long-day flowering plants like Arabidopsis thaliana, measure day length with a rhythm that is not reset at lights-off, whereas short-day plants measure night length on the basis of circadian rhythm of light sensitivity that is set from dusk, early flowering 3 (elf3) mutants of Arabidopsis are aphotoperiodic and exhibit light-conditional arrhythmias. Here we show that the elf3-7 mutant retains oscillator function in the light but blunts circadian gating of CAB gene activation, indicating that deregulated phototransduction may mask rhythmicity. Furthermore, elf3 mutations confer the resetting pattern of short-day photoperiodism, indicating that gating of phototransduction may control resetting. Temperature entrainment can bypass the requirement for normal ELF3 function for the oscillator and partially restore rhythmic CAB expression. Therefore, ELF3 specifically affects light input to the oscillator, similar to its function in gating CAB activation, allowing oscillator progression past a light-sensitive phase in the subjective evening. ELF3 provides experimental demonstration of the zeitnehmer ('time-taker') concept.