Recent discovery of handaxes associated with tektites in the Nanbanshan locality of the Damei site,Bose basin,Guangxi, South China

This paper reports the recent discovery of 176 stone artifacts, including two handaxes （bifacial large cutting tools）, which are preserved in the laterized sediments of terrace 4 of the Youjiang River at the Nanbanshan locality of the Damei site in the Bose basin, south China. Their characteristics are similar to Paleolithic stone artifacts discovered from other sites in this basin. The handaxes, picks and other stone artifacts are associated with 155 tektite pieces found in the same horizontal layer. These fresh, unabraded and sharp-edged tektites were buried immediately after the airfall event. This provides fur-ther evidence that the Bose stone artifacts and the tektites were deposited simultaneously around 0.8 Ma. More stone artifacts were also unearthed above the tektite layer, indicating that early humans in the area survived the event.     

西藏扎布耶盐湖卤水273 K等温蒸发实验

 西藏扎布耶盐湖卤水中蕴藏着丰富的矿产资源,具有巨大的开发利用价值。盐田相分离技术是盐湖卤水资源开发利用的有效手段,而盐湖卤水蒸发实验是盐田相分离技术的基础。通过对西藏扎布耶盐湖冬季卤水进行273 K 等温蒸发实验,研究了蒸发过程中盐类结晶析出规律,发现扎布耶冬季卤水273 K 等温蒸发析盐顺序为石盐、芒硝、硼砂、泡碱、钾石盐、碳酸锂,与Na⁺、K⁺//Cl^-、CO₂^-3、SO₂^-4-H₂O五元水盐体系298 K 相图有一定区别;锂在实验中得到了有效的富集,与原卤水相比浓缩倍数达3.66 倍;钾主要以钾石盐的形式于蒸发实验中后期结晶析出,可得到较高品位的钾混盐,其中钾石盐品位最高可达到17.13%,很适合后续提取;硼砂在整个蒸发过程均有析出,相比高温条件,硼砂析出较分散且含量不高,不利于其利用。扎布耶年均气温在0℃左右,该等温蒸发实验可为低温条件下开发利用扎布耶盐湖卤水资源提供基础依据。     

Analysis on Landscape Pattern in the Upper and Middle Reaches of Yarlung Zangbo River：Taking Zhongba County, Angren County, Rikaze City as Example

Taking Zhongba County, Angren County, Rikaze City located at the Upper and Middle Reaches of Yarlung Zangbo River as landscape units , this paper studied the difference of the landscape pattern under various degrees of human disturbance in the three areas. The results showed that： the three areas all reflected the same characteristic of landscape pattern in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the natural landscapes were in the absolute dominant position. However, from Zhangba to Rikaze, with human disturbance intensity increasing, anthropogenic features of landscapes became more and more outstanding, In Zhongba, the landscape structure appeared to be simpler with coarse grains and a less rich diversity, Conversely, in Rikaze, the landscape showed a complicated shape with finer grains and a relatively richer diversity, This reflected that the impact of human activities to natural landscape behaved a gradually-growing trend from the upper reach to the middle one of Yarlung Zangbo River Basin.     

环境考古学刍议

人类文化和自然界相互依存,决定了只有结合古环境来研究古文化,才能认识古文化,才能认识人类迁徙的真正原因。环境考古学主要研究古文化及其与自然环境、社会环境间的关系。我国历史和自然环境条件优越,只要我们抓住考古学和环境科学向新阶段迈进的契机,我国环境考古学必将迅速发展,并一定会在认识古人类历史、行为和生活方式方面发挥更重要的作用。     

Optical dating of the Jingshuiwan Paleolithic site of Three Gorges, China

The Three Gorges region is located in the transi- tional zone between the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, known as an important area for studying human origins and cultural developments in China. In the mid 1990s, a large scale Paleolithic …     

深井盐膏及盐水地层固井隔离液体系研究

目前国内深井多钻遇盐膏和盐水地层,常用隔离液体系抗温和抗盐能力较差,温度超过100℃时,在低浓度盐作用下体系失稳沉降严重,易造成固井施工复杂,注替安全隐患极大。选用一种多糖聚合物作为高温抗盐悬浮稳定剂,辅以耐盐的降失水剂及流型调节剂,研制了一套高温抗盐隔离液体系。该体系在钠盐、钙盐和镁盐溶液中均能保持稳定的性能;使用温度可达140℃;具有较好的密度调控能力,在1.3～2.4g/cm3可调;且与常规钻井液、水泥浆具有较好的相容性。该套体系有望应用在深井超深井及盐膏地层、复合盐岩层和盐水地层固井注水泥作业中。     

Heat treatment and associated early modern human behaviors in the Late Paleolithic at the Shuidonggou site

Unearthed artifacts and cultural relics from the Shuidonggou site revealed extensive information and insights regarding the activities of early modern humans.A series of experimental research and physical analysis suggest that stone artifacts from Locality 2 and Locality 12 have undergone heat treatment.The utilization ratio and knapping properties of raw materials were consequently enhanced.Heat treatment technology reflects the production capacities and the survival strategies in the Upper Paleolithic period.This discovery indicates the earliest existence of this technology in the East Asia and thus confirms a wider geographic distribution of this technology which provides new perspectives and evidence for understanding the associated early modern human behaviors.     

盐水缓蚀剂WP—321的合成与性能评价

通过对反应物反应温度,反应时间,原料比进行筛选,合成了１种性能优良的盐水缓蚀剂Ｐ３２１并确定其最佳加量,用失重法了该缓蚀剂在盐水中对钢片的缓蚀性能,研究结果表明,ＷＰ－３２１缓蚀剂的抗盐好,在钻井液中具有良好的溶解分散性,与其它钻井处理剂配伍性良好,是１种优质的盐水缓蚀剂。     

Progress in the stratigraphy and geochronology of the Shuidonggou site, Ningxia, North China

In the past years we carried out further stratigraphy division in field and it is found that rich stone artifacts can be found in fluvial-shallow lake-alluvial sediments on the terrace Ⅱ of Biangou River, inShuidonggou site, Ningxia and they are SDG1, 2 and 7. More luminescence and AMS ^14C dating in laboratory show that Paleolithic culture develops during the Upper Paleolithic period with ages of 35--20 ka. The Paleolithic culture of SDG 1 is a little earlier than that of SDG 2 similar to SDG 7. The sandy sediments on terrace Ⅱ of Biangou River deposits in the past 72--18 ka, corresponding to Last Glacial. SDG2 has a stable sedimentary environment, resulting in the continuous stratigraphy, thickest deposits and rich environment and culture information, which can be regarded as the important and classic paleoanthropological section of Late Pleistocene in this region.     

以“安全”为特色,加强法学专业建设

作为国家安全生产监督管理总局惟一一所直属高校,作为以"安全"为办学特色的华北科技学院,法学专业建设应结合学校实际,以《安全生产法》为切入点,以《安全生产法》与其他法律之间的交叉研究为支撑,建立《安全生产法》研究梯队,突出安全特色,以科研促教学;同时逐步完善以《安全生产法》为主的课程群,在理论教学与在实践教学中体现《安全生产法》特色,以教学推动科教研,不断加强内涵建设。     

Spatial analysis of intra-site use at a Late Paleolithic site at Shuidonggou,Northwest China

Intra-site spatial analysis provides an alternative perspective for understanding the functions of a site, and the occupational organization of early human living and activities associated with it. We examined features and cultural remains recovered from Locality 2 at Shuidonggou, a Late Paleolithic site, focusing on early occupants’ survival behaviors and settlement patterns, as indicated by evidence regarding the functional organization of the site. Three-dimensional data from unearthed remains (including lithic assemblages, faunal remains, ornaments, etc) were used to reconstruct intra-site use patterns of Cultural Layer 2, which yielded seven earth-pit hearths and tens of thousands of artifacts and bones. We discuss the population size and group composition, as well as the functions of the living spaces, based on the analysis of the hearth patterns and the ostrich eggshell ornaments surround the hearths. In conclusion, Cultural Layer 2 of SDG Locality 2 appears to have functioned as a base camp for ancient foragers, where occupants produced tools, as well as preparing and consuming food.     

Preliminary study on the living environment of hominids at the Donggutuo site, Nihewan Basin

The Donggutuo site, situated in the east margin of Nihewan basin, is one of the most important Paleolithic sites in China, characterized by the longest excavation seasons and the most abundant cultural remains recovered in the region. Based on well-constructed sporopollen, sediment grain size analysis, magnetic susceptibility, and iron oxide analysis of the 2000--2001 excavated section, four stages of environmental change in the Nihewan Beds are identified by the authors. The results indicate four major stages of environment and climate change from 1） warm and humid forest grass to 2） temperate and humid forest grass to 3） temperate and dry forest grass to 4） warm and humid forest, which is suitable for hominid occupation. The changes correspond to the stages of lake transgression and regression. The environment after the lake died out away has been cold and dry boschveld. The hominid activities at the site took place in the Early Pleistocene （1.10 Ma）, which corresponds to the early three environmental stages. Therefore, it can be inferred that the early hominids adapted to the relatively low lake level episodes through activities involving sporadic stone tool making, procuring of raw materials for tools, concentrating stone artifacts, and hunting and butchering. In conclusion, the results will be of great significance to research regarding the relationship between hominid occupation and environmental changes as well as the adaptive behaviors of early humans at the Donggutuo site.     

Image Blind Deblurring Using an Adaptive Patch Prior

Image blind deblurring uses an estimated blur kernel to obtain an optimal restored original image with sharp features from a degraded image with blur and noise artifacts. This method, however, functions on the premise that the kernel is estimated accurately. In this work, we propose an adaptive patch prior for improving the accuracy of kernel estimation. Our proposed prior is based on local patch statistics and can rebuild low-level features,such as edges, corners, and junctions, to guide edge and texture sharpening for blur estimation. Our prior is a nonparametric model, and its adaptive computation relies on internal patch information. Moreover, heuristic filters and external image knowledge are not used in our prior. Our method for the reconstruction of salient step edges in a blurry patch can reduce noise and over-sharpening artifacts. Experiments on two popular datasets and natural images demonstrate that the kernel estimation performance of our method is superior to that of other state-of-the-art methods.     

石油企业科技进步模型的改进

传统技术进步模型在评价科技进步贡献率时 ,没有动态考虑通货膨胀和成本上扬等因素 ,忽视了时间价值的影响。根据石油企业的生产特点 ,对一般技术进步模型 (即索洛生产函数 )进行了相应的改进。既考虑了产出资源的自然递减 ,又考虑了通货膨胀及生产开发难度对投入资金的影响 ,这就保证了石油行业在投入产出上的匹配及价格上的一致。用改进后的模型对石油系统的 19个油田的科技进步贡献率进行了测算 ,其结果符合实际     

含硼资源开发的有关相化学研究进展

相平衡与相图是盐湖卤水资源开发利用的理论依据，本文重点归纳总结了含硼资源开发的有关相化学研究进展，内容主要包括硼酸和硼酸盐体系的稳定相平衡、硼酸盐体系的介稳相平衡及含硼水盐体系溶解度理论计算的研究现状，重点总结了我国卤水中硼资源和硼矿资源开发利用的有关相平衡研究现状，指出了存在的主要问题和发展方向。     

Archaeological discovery and research on the remains of the paleoflood of the Yuxi site

The research of the paleoflood remains from archaeological sites is one of the most important jobs in the environmental archaeology.Based on the traditional archaeological methods and the archaeological finds from the Yuxi site,Fengdu County of Chongqing,the paper analyzes the difference between the cultural layers and the possible paleoflood layers from various angles,such as contents,shapes of gravels,pottery,etc.,identifies the possible paleoflood deposit layers,i.e.the paleoflood remains of the Yangtze River,and discusses the periodicity of the floods.     

超临界CO_2强化深层卤水开采的井群布设方法

超临界CO_2强化深层卤水开采可显著地提高卤水的开采效率,同时增强CO_2的封存安全也是一种实现卤水高效开发和减缓温室效应的双赢选择.本文通过数值模拟的方法对比研究了不同井群布设方法下超临界CO_2强化深层卤水开采的效果,得到的结论如下:无论是矩形井网法还是三角形井网法,超临界CO_2强化深层卤水开采的效果都是非常显著的.基于提出的4种布井方法,从卤水开采总量、卤水越流风险、CO_2注入总量、CO_2泄漏比和区域压力调控这几个方面对比分析:7B6C与9B4C相当、6B7C次之、4B9C效果略差,整体上集中式的三角形井网法略优于矩形井网法,但这两种布井方法没有明显的优势差别.因此,在实际的超临界CO_2强化卤水开采项目中,可根据现场地形和工程条件选择比较合适的布井方法.     

An engraved artifact from Shuidonggou, an Early Late Paleolithic Site in Northwest China

Cognition and symbolic thinking are viewed as important features of modern human behavior.Engraved objects are seen as a hallmark of cognition and symbolism,and even as evidence for language.Accumulated evidences including engraved bones,ochre,ostrich eggshells and stone artifacts were unearthed from Africa,Europe,Levant even Siberia Paleolithic sites.But the archaeological evidence for this,including beads,ornaments,burials,performed objects and engraved objects,is rarely discovered in the Pleistocene of East Asia.The present paper reports an engraved stone object unearthed in the Early Late Paleolithic levels about 30 ka BP at the Shuidonggou site(SDG) in northwestern China.It was unearthed in the 1980’s excavation from Lower culture unit of SDG1 but was identified in 2011 when the first author of this article observed the collection from the 1980’s excavations stored in the Institute of Archaeology of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region for further detailed lithic analysis.This lithic artifact is the first engraved non-organic object of the Paleolithic period found in China.In order to clarify the details of the incisions and to document the human intentional modifications,we used a KEYENCE VHX-600 Digital Microscope to measure and observe all the incisions in 3-dimensional perspective.Comparing the natural cracks and analyzing many details of the incisions,we argue that incisions on this stone artifact are the result of intentional behaviors by ancient humans.Also,we exclude the possible other causes including animal-induced damages,post-depositional phenomenon and unintentional by-products.Combining all these features,we suggest that the incisions were made by an intentional behavior and were probably of a non-utilitarian character.Because the nature of most other engraved objects in China is debate,we cannot get a clear scenario of the emergence and progress of modern human behavior in North China.But we infer the possible existence of a counting or recording system,or other symbolic behaviors,which reflect considerably evolved cognitive capacities or modern human behavior in the Early Late Paleolithic of East Asia.     

金坛盐穴储气库畸形对盐腔体积影响

金坛盐穴储气库属于层状盐岩型储气库，建设过程中经常出现腔体畸形、偏溶现象，严重降低盐腔有效体积。研究腔体畸形对盐腔体积的影响规律，并在造腔过程中加以控制，将有助于加快库容工作气形成。结合金坛盐穴储气库实际盐腔情况，分析了腔体畸形、偏溶和底坑形状对盐腔有效体积的影响，并根据其形成原因给出了相应解决措施。结果表明，金坛盐穴储气库畸形、偏溶腔体约占总数的30%，畸形系数（11.8~90.1）×10^-3，畸形系数越大盐层利用率越低；畸形导致横截面为椭圆形，且不同深度的腔体直径差别较大，使腔体周围盐层利用率降低；偏溶使井间矿柱宽度过低，矿柱比减小，腔体直径受限，腔体积严重降低；底坑形状可分为“V”形、“一”形、“\”形、“A”形4种，其注气排卤效率依次降低，其中，“\”形、“A”形最不利盐腔空间利用，严重降低储气体积。对于腔体畸形可采用的控制手段有降低排量、采用正循环、天然气阻溶回溶等技术。对于偏溶可采用预测偏溶方向合理设计井位、降低矿柱比增加腔体直径等措施。底坑畸形尚无有效控制手段和提高注气排卤措施。该研究为后期腔体形状控制和提高盐腔体积奠定了理论基础，将有助于加快金坛盐穴储气库建设速度。