热型连铸工艺参数对铸锭表面质量的影响

热型连铸是一项近净成型（ｎｅａｒｎｅｔｓｈａｐｅ）技术,它将定向凝固技术和连铸技术相结合,用于生产表面呈镜面的无限长的线材．本研究利用自制的水平热型连铸设备,制备了表面呈镜面的纯铝线材,试验了各工艺参数（震动、坩埚内液面高度、铸型表面条件、铸型出口温度、连铸速度、冷却条件）对连铸线材表面质量的影响,分析后提出了优化工艺参数的范围．     

工艺因素对电渣感应连续定向凝固过程稳定性的影响

研究了工艺因素对电渣感应连续定向凝固过程稳定性的影响,结果指出固液界面位置是衡量其稳定性的一个重要指标,工艺因素通过它对稳定性产生影响,正锥度的结晶器 以及结晶器壁内的温度分布与温度梯度是下拉法连续定向凝固稳定进行的关键。     

逐步熔融凝固法工艺参数对金属基复合材料性能的影响

采用逐步熔融凝固法制备了ＷＣ－６５Ｍｎ复合材料,用扫描电子显微镜观察试样的微观形貌和组织结构,并用ＩＭＡＧＥ ＴＯＯＬ软件分析不同试样的扫描图像,定量测定增强相ＷＣ颗粒的分布状况,同时测量材料的抗弯强度和硬度。研究证明电源功率和模具下降速率对增强相ＷＣ颗粒的分布状况和力学性能有重要的影响。电源功率应在５．５￣７．５ｋＷ之间,模具下降速度为８￣１０ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ。     

热处理和冷变形对连续定向凝固Cu-Ag合金性能的影响

研究了连续定向凝固Cu-Ag合金铸态试样及其经过大变形冷加工后线材的微观组织和性能,分析了热处理和冷变形对连续定向凝固合金的强度和电导率的影响.经过大变形冷加工后,Cu-Ag合金具有致密的纤维组织结构,强度进一步增加,电导率略有下降.在低温热处理后,Cu-Ag合金强度增加,电导率得到恢复.高温热处理时,Cu-Ag合金强度和电导率都下降.     

工艺参数对碳纳米管定向薄膜生长的影响

为了生长出高质量的定向碳纳米管薄膜 ,研究了反应时间、反应温度等工艺参数对薄膜生长的影响。试验采用二甲苯为碳源 ,二茂铁为催化剂 ,在石英基底上催化裂解生长碳纳米管定向薄膜。通过扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)和透射电子显微镜 (TEM)观察表明 ,得到的薄膜是由定向性良好的多壁碳纳米管 (MWNTs)组成 ,管径为 2 0～ 5 0 nm。反应时间对定向生长的碳纳米管长度有决定性影响 ;随反应时间的增长 ,定向性更好。同时 ,较适合碳纳米管薄膜定向生长的反应温度区间为 10 5 3～ 1113K。而反应温度和反应时间对薄膜中碳纳米管的直径无明显影响。     

大直径单晶铜棒材的连续定向凝固制备

采用自制真空熔炼、氩气保护连续定向凝固设备成功制备出了大直径单晶纯铜棒材,研究了工艺参数对大直径连续定向凝固纯铜棒材凝固组织与表面质量的影响,分析测试了连续定向凝固大直径纯铜棒材的力学性能和电学性能.结果表明:在熔体温度1150～1180℃、结晶器出口温度750℃、冷却水量900 L·h-1、冷却距离50 mm以及拉坯速度9 mm·min-1时,可连续稳定地制备直径为φ16mm的表面光亮的单晶纯铜棒材.其抗拉强度128.52MPa,延伸率76.7%,导电率105.2%IACS,具有优良的力学性能和电学性能.     

脉冲电流频率对Al-Cu合金定向凝固组织演变的影响

采用自行设计的定向凝固装置进行Al-Cu合金定向凝固行为研究,研究Al-5%Cu合金在脉冲电流作用下微观组织的演变特征.结果发现:脉冲电流的导入明显改变了定向凝固的Al-Cu合金凝固组织形态,不同频率的脉冲电流具有不同的影响效果,在100Hz的小频率电流作用下,合金的定向凝固特征加强,枝晶结构不明显,但定向凝固形成的柱状晶半径加大,随着电流频率增大到200Hz,二次枝晶结构开始显现,组织呈现树枝状结构特征,当300Hz电流频率时,组织结构呈现排列整齐的的骨架结构,随着电流频率继续增加到400Hz时,组织变为细小的树枝状结构特征,组织整体比较细小,而且分布较均匀,在500Hz高频率电流作用下,组织又显得粗大,呈现向等轴晶转化趋势.     

电磁场对复杂黄铜凝固组织及性能的影响

通过对水平连铸黄铜棒添加电磁场后的铸态组织、密度、力学性能的研究,分析了电磁场对复杂黄铜铸造的影响.分别进行了普通水平连铸和加电磁场水平连铸试验,研究了电磁场作用下黄铜水平连铸铸坯的凝固组织、力学性能、物理性能等的变化,为黄铜的加电磁场水平连铸生产提供合理的电磁场设计、优化铸造工艺奠定一定基础.     

真空熔炼、氩气保护连续定向凝固技术

阐述了真空熔炼、氩气保护下引法连续定向凝固工艺.该工艺将真空感应熔炼和连续定向凝固技术结合在一起,集熔化、提纯、凝固于一体,控制方便,搅拌、脱氧能力强,生产效率高,能生产纯净度高、性能好的定向凝固材料.对该工艺生产的纯铜棒材的质量进行了分析.     

工艺参数对双相不锈钢瞬间液相连接组织结构和等温凝固的影响

采用3种非晶态镍合金作中间层,对双相不锈钢进行瞬间液相连接试验研究。试验结果表明:采用MBF-30作中间层在1 060℃和300 s进行连接时,等温凝固完成,连接中间区以γ-Ni相为主,BN出现在基体与中间层的界面处。但是,MBF-35作中间层在1 060℃和300 s进行连接时,等温凝固未能完成,连接中心部含有Ni3Si;采用MBF-50作中间层在1175℃和300 s进行连接时,BN和(Cr,Ni)3Si相出现在连接中间区,等温凝固仍未能完成(等温凝固完成时间大于14400 s),而采用溶质分布模型计算结果仅为71 s。微观结构及等温凝固的差异归因于在较高温度下存在Si,N和Cr等合金元素并在连接中心处富集。     

基于ANFIS方法的连续定向凝固BFe10-1-1合金的压缩流变应力模型

Silver in the form of AgNO3 was added to ZnO-based varistor ceramics prepared by the solid-state reaction method.The effects of AgNO3 on both the microstructure and electrical properties of the varistors were studied in detail.The optimum addition amount of AgNO3 in ZnO-based varistors was also determined.The mechanism for grain growth inhibition by silver doping was also proposed.The results indicate that the varistor threshold voltage increases substantially along with the AgNO3 content increasing from 0 to 1.5mol%.Also,the introduction of AgNO3 can depress the mean grain size of ZnO,which is mainly responsible for the threshold voltage.Furthermore,the addition of AgNO3 results in a slight decrease of donor density and a more severe fall in the density of interface states,which cause a decline in barrier height and an increase in the depletion layer.     

Effects of the deep rolling process on the surface roughness and properties of an Al-3vol%SiC nanoparticle nanocomposite fabricated by mechanical milling and hot extrusion

Deep rolling is one of the most widely used surface mechanical treatments among several methods used to generate compressive residual stress. This process is usually used for axisymmetric components and can lead to improvements of the surface quality, dimensional accuracy, and mechanical properties. In this study, we deduced the appropriate deep rolling parameters for Al-3vol%SiC nanocomposite samples using roughness and microhardness measurements. The nanocomposite samples were fabricated using a combination of mechanical milling, cold pressing, and hot extrusion techniques. Density measurements indicated acceptable densification of the samples, with no porosity. The results of tensile tests showed that the samples are sufficiently strong for the deep rolling process and also indicated near 50% improvement of tensile strength after incorporating SiC nanoparticle reinforcements. The effects of some important rolling parameters, including the penetration depth, rotation speed, feed rate, and the number of passes, on the surface quality and microhardness were also investigated. The results demonstrated that decreasing the feed rate and increasing the number of passes can lead to greater surface hardness and lower surface roughness.     

Effects of conform continuous extrusion and heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-13Si-7.5Cu-1Mg alloy

The effects of conform continuous extrusion and subsequent heat treatment on the mechanical and wear-resistance properties of high-alloying Al-13Si-7.5Cu-1Mg alloy were investigated. The microstructures of alloys before and after conform processing and aging were compared by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The results reveal that the primary phases were broken and refined by intense shear deformation during conform processing. After the conform-prepared Al-13Si-7.5Cu-1Mg alloy was subjected to solid-solution treatment at 494℃ for 1.5 h and aging at 180℃ for 4 h, its hardness improved from HBS 115.8 to HBS 152.5 and its ultimate tensile strength increased from 112.6 to 486.8 MPa. Its wear resistance was also enhanced. The factors leading to the enhanced strength, hardness, and wear resistance of the alloy were discussed in detail.     

机械合金化法制备的Cu/SiC纳米复合材料的组织、热性能和力学性能评估

Nano-sized silicon carbide (SiC: 0wt%, 1wt%, 2wt%, 4wt%, and 8wt%) reinforced copper (Cu) matrix nanocomposites were manufactured, pressed, and sintered at 775 and 875°C in an argon atmosphere. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy were performed to characterize the microstructural evolution. The density, thermal expansion, mechanical, and electrical properties were studied. XRD analyses showed that with increasing SiC content, the microstrain and dislocation density increased, while the crystal size decreased. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the nanocomposites was less than that of the Cu matrix. The improvement in the CTE with increasing sintering temperature may be because of densification of the microstructure. Moreover, the mechanical properties of these nanocomposites showed noticeable enhancements with the addition of SiC and sintering temperatures, where the microhardness and apparent strengthening efficiency of nanocomposites containing 8wt% SiC and sintered at 875°C were 958.7 MPa and 1.07 vol%?1, respectively. The electrical conductivity of the sample slightly decreased with additional SiC and increased with sintering temperature. The prepared Cu/SiC nanocomposites possessed good electrical conductivity, high thermal stability, and excellent mechanical properties.     

Macrostructure and properties of thin walled copper tubes prepared by the downward continuous unidirectional solidification method

The macrostructure and properties of the thin walled copper tube prepared by the downward continuous unidirectional solidification (DCUS) method were studied. The result shows that the macrostructure is closely related to the solid-liquid interface profile, which is influenced by the distance between the cooling water location and the solidification front. The mechanical properties of the thin walled copper tube prepared by the DCUS method are near those of the normal cast copper, and it has good relative density, electrical conductivity, and elongation, which are not greatly affected by casting speed. The thin walled copper tube prepared by the DCUS method also has good processing properties that can be taken to further drawing procedures directly without an intermediate process, and obtains good mechanical properties with the total processing rate of 89.8%.     

Effects of gadolinium addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-9Al alloy

This research aims to study the significance of Gd addition (0wt%-2wt%) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-9Al alloy. The effect of Gd addition on the microstructure was investigated via X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The Mg-9Al alloy contained two phases, α-Mg and β-Mg17Al12. Alloying with Gd led to the emergence of a new rectangular-shaped phase, Al₂Gd. The grain size also decreased marginally upon Gd addition. The ultimate tensile strength and microhardness of Mg-9Al alloy increased by 23% and 19%, respectively, upon 1.5wt% Gd addition. We observed that, although Mg-9Al-2.0Gd alloy exhibited the smallest grain size (181 μm) and the highest dislocation density (5.1×1010 m-2) among the investigated compositions, the Mg-9Al-1.5Gd alloy displayed the best mechanical properties. This anomalous behavior was observed because the Al₂Gd phase was uniformly distributed and present in abundance in Mg-9Al-1.5Gd alloy, whereas it was coarsened and asymmetrically conglomerated in Mg-9Al-2.0Gd.     

Effects of the deep rolling process on the surface roughness and properties of an Al-3vol%SiC nanoparticle nanocomposite fabricated by mechanical milling and hot extrusion

Deep rolling is one of the most widely used surface mechanical treatments among several methods used to generate compressive residual stress. This process is usually used for axisymmetric components and can lead to improvements of the surface quality, dimensional accuracy, and mechanical properties. In this study, we deduced the appropriate deep rolling parameters for Al-3vol%Si C nanocomposite samples using roughness and microhardness measurements. The nanocomposite samples were fabricated using a combination of mechanical milling, cold pressing, and hot extrusion techniques. Density measurements indicated acceptable densification of the samples, with no porosity. The results of tensile tests showed that the samples are sufficiently strong for the deep rolling process and also indicated near 50% improvement of tensile strength after incorporating Si C nanoparticle reinforcements. The effects of some important rolling parameters, including the penetration depth, rotation speed, feed rate, and the number of passes, on the surface quality and microhardness were also investigated. The results demonstrated that decreasing the feed rate and increasing the number of passes can lead to greater surface hardness and lower surface roughness.     

Effects of Fe content on the microstructure and properties of CuNi10FeMn1 alloy tubes fabricated by HCCM horizontal continuous casting

Heating-cooling combined mold (HCCM) horizontal continuous casting technology developed by our research group was used to produce high axial columnar-grained CuNi10FeMn1 alloy tubes with different Fe contents. The effects of Fe content (1.08wt%–2.01wt%) on the microstructure, segregation, and flushing corrosion resistance in simulated flowing seawater as well as the mechanical properties of the alloy tubes were investigated. The results show that when the Fe content is increased from 1.08wt% to 2.01wt%, the segregation degree of Ni and Fe elements increases, and the segregation coefficient of Ni and Fe elements falls from 0.92 to 0.70 and from 0.92 to 0.63, respectively. With increasing Fe content, the corrosion rate of the alloy decreases initially and then increases. When the Fe content is 1.83wt%, the corrosion rate approaches the minimum and dense, less-defect corrosion films, which contain rich Ni and Fe elements, form on the surface of the alloy; these films effectively protect the α-matrix and reduce the corrosion rate. When the Fe content is increased from 1.08wt% to 2.01wt%, the tensile strength of the alloy tube increases from 204 MPa to 236 MPa, while the elongation to failure changes slightly about 46%, indicating the excellent workability of the CuNi10FeMn1 alloy tubes.