用修正学习曲线测算钻井周期

在测算测井周期时，常用分段计算和汇总相加的办法，由于其中未考虑学习效果，易产生较大误差，用普通学习曲线测算可使差异减小，但其应用条件是要求各井的情况相同，这在一般情况下的难以满足，文章提出了在井深不同的条件下，对普通学习曲线进行修正的方法，并给上应的修正公式，用实例对该方法进行了验证，得到了满意的结果，这说明该方法正确可行，从而扩大了钻井学习曲线的运用范围，为钻井周期的测算提供了新的手段，并能带来     

钻井学习曲线研究

学习曲线常用于中短期的经营规划中,国外已开始将其用于钻井周期测算．用塔里木油田两个区块的预探井、评价井和生产井的实际资料,分析了学习曲线在石油钻井中的运用条件．普通学习曲线的运用条件为“五个相同”,即区块、井别、井型、目的层和井深相同,并用实际资料计算验证,计算误差不超过５％,效果良好．鉴于同一区块中井别、井型、目的层相同的井,通常井深有不同程度的差异,只满足前面四个条件,使学习曲线的运用范围受到很大限制,提出了以钻时指数曲线与普通学习曲线相结合的修正公式,扩大了学习曲线的运用范围．实例计算误差小于２０％,比现行的计算误差低．用实例求出了其学习率及其相应参数．提出了对学习效果的双赢分配方式．     

用修正学习曲线测算井段的钻井时间

将学习曲线与传统的分段方法结合起来,既克服了分段法中不考虑学习效果的缺陷,又克报了学习曲线中不能灵活调整的缺陷,形成两种方法的优点叠加．用学习曲线测算井段的钻井时间,其前提条件是：各井在该井段的钻头选型基本相同,井段直径相同,所穿过的地层相同,所属的井型相同．对钻井参数（钻压、转速、泵压、排量）、泥浆密度与性能、喷嘴直径与个数等时变性因素,不单独列出,而作为在钻井过程中通过逐步学习加以改善的对象．用塔北某地区１号构造上所钻井的二开井段（４４４．５ｍｍ）实际资料测算,得到的结果明显优于钻井监督的计划时间,测算的最大相对误差１１．８％,平均为８．８％,而监督组计划误差为４１．９％,平均误差率降低了一半以上．     

用修正学习曲线测算井段的钻井时间

将学习曲线与传统的分段方法结合起来，既克服了分段法中不考虑涫产效果的缺陷，又克服了学习曲线中不能灵活调整的缺陷，形成两种方法的优点叠架。用学习曲线测算井段的钻井时间，其前提条件是：各井段的钻头选型基本相同，井段直径相同，所窗帘莛的地层相同。     

欠平衡钻井随钻试井数学模型及实用方法研究

认为欠平衡钻井的物理过程与传统的测试理论的主要区别是：随着欠平衡钻井的进行，井深不断增加，产层的暴露厚度是时间的函数，产能与井底压力是随时间变化的，在原有的试井理论基础上，推导出欠平衡钻井随钻试井数学模型，并结合现有的试井方法，提出欠平衡钻井随钻试井实用方法－－修正压降试井法和修正压力恢复试井法，同时，结合两口井的欠平衡钻井现场实例数据进行了该方法的计算，结果与实际地层压力对比，偏差较小，从而验证了这方法的可行性。     

我国海上油田钻井完井投资测算方法研究

本文分析了我国海上油田钻井完井投资测算的现有方法,针对存在的问题和不足,从内生变量的选择、相关系数、变量的影响程度等方面进行分析研究,提出以作业周期、井深、水深三个因素进行测算的新方法。     

欠平衡钻井随钻试井数学模型及实用方法研究

认为欠平衡钻井的物理过程与传统的测试理论的主要区别是 :随着欠平衡钻井的进行 ,井深不断增加 ,产层的暴露厚度是时间的函数 ;产能与井底压力是随时间变化的 .在原有的试井理论基础上 ,推导出欠平衡钻井随钻试井数学模型 ,并结合现有的试井方法 ,提出欠平衡钻井随钻试井实用方法——修正压降试井法和修正压力恢复试井法 .同时 ,结合两口井的欠平衡钻井现场实例数据进行了该方法的计算 ,结果与实际地层压力对比 ,偏差较小 ,从而验证了这方法的可行性     

欠平衡钻井多相流模型评价分析

为了给欠平衡钻井工程设计提供切实可行的井底压力预测模型,比较了利用均匀流动方法（Guo Boyun模型）、经验公式方法（BeggsBrill模型、Orkiszewski模型、韩洪升和陈家琅模型）以及力学方法（HasanKabir模型和修正的Ansari模型）建立的三类欠平衡钻井稳定流动模型。利用FORTRAN90分别对6个模型进行了编程求解,模拟了欠平衡钻井过程的环空气液两相流动规律,预测了充气液欠平衡钻井的井底压力。并把模型预测结果和现场施工数据以及全尺寸试验井试验数据进行了验证,分别指出了6个模型的预测精度。验证结果表明用力学方法建立的修正的Ansari模型的预测精度较高,可以满足欠平衡钻井井底压力设计的工程精度要求。推荐在欠平衡钻井工程设计中使用该方法,保证全过程的欠平衡钻井,实现欠平衡钻井的经济效益。     

关于FCMBP模糊聚类方法的修正

对于基于摄动的模糊聚类方法中参数系个数的估计作了修正，并基于修正后的结果重新设计了算法。关于该算法，通过一个实际例子，分别用FCMBP模糊聚类方法和普通的传递闭包法进行聚类，把所得的2种不同结果作了分析和比较。     

非线性方程的Jacobi椭圆函数新周期解

基于刘等（物理学报，2001，50（11）：2068—2072．）提出的Jacobi椭圆函数展开方法，将修正的Jacobi椭圆函数展开方法应用于求解修正的BBM方程和结合的KdV—mKdV方程，得到了许多新的用Jacobi椭圆函数表示的周期解，应用该方法得到的周期解在极限情况下可以退化为相应的孤立波解，此方法还可以用于求解其它的非线性方程．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that