废纸脱墨及H_2O_2漂白的研究

本试验分别以十二烷基苯磺酸钠、油酸钠等表面活性剂用于废纸脱墨,并对脱墨后的废纸浆进行了Ｈ２Ｏ２ 漂白。结果表明,在废纸浆中加入２％ ＮａＯＨ、３．５％ Ｎａ２ＳｉＯ３、１％ Ｎａ２ＣＯ３ 和１％ 的以油酸钠为主要成分的脱墨剂,废纸脱墨成本低、效果好。浆样在Ｈ２Ｏ２ 漂白后白度为８９．６％ ＳＢＤ,脱墨率可达到９２％ 。     

活化剂在麦草硫酸盐浆中无氯和少氯漂白中的应用

在麦草ＫＰ浆的无氯和少氯漂白程序中使用活化剂,可促进脱木素作用并提高浆的白度。在氧脱木素前用ＮＯ２,硫酸和过氧酸进行预处理比较,以ＮＯ２效果最佳。ＮＯ２用量２％,处理后浆的卡伯值比未处理降低了６％,白度提高４％,粘度只下降１．６％。在Ｄ／ＣＥＤＤ漂白程序中,漂前用对有效氯用量８％的Ｓ１２预处理,白度提高２．３％ＩＳＤ,粘度基本无变化;活化剂ＴＡ用于ＮＯＰ三段漂的Ｐ段,用量４％（对浆）,可提高白度４．３％ＩＳＯ,粘度也有明显提高。本试验采用ＧＯＰＡＰＴＡ无氯漂白程序,可使麦草ｋｐ浆漂后白度达８０％ＩＳＯ,但粘度下降较大     

江蓠藻酸化漂白及其琼胶分子结构保护的研究

对江蓠藻的ＮａＣｌＯ漂白法和Ｈ２Ｏ２漂白法的漂白工艺和机理进行了深入的研究,ＮａＣｌＯ漂白法和Ｈ２Ｏ２漂白法均应在弱碱性条件下漂白,然后再酸化,既可达到好的漂白效果（白度＞４８）和容易出胶的目的,又能避免琼胶分子在漂白过程中分子结构的破坏,得到高强度的琼胶,这样可以协调解决琼胶白度与凝胶强度之间的矛盾。     

白腐菌改性桉木CTMP浆的漂白研究

利用白腐菌改性处理可以显著提高机械浆的强度性能,有利于拓宽机械浆的应用范围.本文采用白腐菌Trametes hirsute 196对桉木CTMP浆进行改性处理,并探讨了白腐菌处理后纸浆的漂白工艺.研究结果表明:白腐菌处理使桉木CTMP浆白度值从49.6%下降到37.8%,且这种改性后纸浆的可漂性较差,H2O2和Na2S2O4单段漂后纸浆白度均在60%以下,但采用Na2S2O4—H2O2两段组合漂白工艺可以使漂后Bio-CTMP浆白度达到71.3%.     

废办公用纸超声波脱墨时间的研究

本文对不同浓度纸浆在不同的超声波脱墨时间下进行脱墨.同时采用浮选法脱墨,比较所得再生纸的关键性特性白度、色度等.研究结果发现:纸浆浓度5%,超声波脱墨时间4 0min时再生纸白度最好;纸浆浓度5%,超声波脱墨时间20min时黄色色度最低.相同的脱墨条件下,得纸率按浓度的递增而呈上升趋势.     

桉本化机浆的傅里叶变换红外光谱分析

用傅里叶变换红外光谱法对桉木中各组分在碱性亚钠法化机浆预处理及漂白过程中的化学变化进行了研究。结果表明木材在处理过程中存在脱乙酰基作用；木素的烷基芳基醚键受到破坏；纸浆中纤维素的结晶度指数下降；随预处理时ＮａＯＨ用量的增加，本素中形成了新的共轭羰基和醌型结构，它们使纸浆白度下降。同时对不同纸浆在漂白过程中的变化进行了研究，对影响纸浆白度的因素进行了分析     

金属离子在高温过氧化氢漂白中的影响与控制

研究了纸浆中通常存在的金属离子对硫酸盐法美国南方松氧脱木素浆高温过氧化氢漂白结果的影响以及对金属离子的控制方法。比较了锰,铜,铁、钙等离子对浆料白度,粘度及卡伯值的相关性和有关的变化规律。实验证明采用预处理方式和漂白中使用适量的螯合剂ＤＴＭＰＡ可以有效控制金属离子的负面影响,在过氧化氢用量４％时可使漂浆白度从２７．４％ＩＳＯ提高到８０％ＩＳＯ以上,漂浆质量得到明显改善。     

纸浆氧漂过程中金属离子的作用与控制

纸浆中金属离子主要来源于原料、处理设备、生产用水和所添加的化学药品,其中,过渡金属离子如Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｆｅ＾３＋、Ｍｎ＾２＋等会直接影响未漂浆白度,同时在纸浆氧漂过程中会催化自由基反应,导致碳水化合物降解,降低漂浆强度和粘度。Ｍｇ＾２＋等碱土金属离子对碳水化合物具有保护作用,但也会稳定木素,对纸浆进行漂前预处理可以控制过渡金属离子的不利影响。     

低纤维素酶活木聚糖酶对麦草浆的辅助漂白作用

利用低纤维素酶活木聚糖酶对麦草浆进行预处理,研究木聚糖酶在氯、碱、次氯酸盐(CEH)三段漂白中对氯气用量的减少以及对漂白过程中纸浆木质纤维组分变化的影响。结果表明:经过木聚糖酶预处理,在保证纸浆漂后白度的同时,氯气用量可以减少50%;木聚糖酶预处理对纸浆中的木素有脱除作用,且能促进木素在碱抽提过程中的溶出,但木聚糖酶对戊聚糖和纤维素也有不同程度的降解作用;酶处理浆漂后的木素和半纤维素的含量略低于未经处理的对照浆,纤维素含量则略高于对照浆。     

蔗渣浆ECF短序漂白流程的对比

对典型的蔗渣浆无元素氯(ECF)短序漂白流程D0EpD、OpDEp及OpD进行了对比,探讨了二氧化氯脱木素(D0)与过氧化氢强化氧脱木素(Op)的脱木素效率差异及对后续漂白的影响,并分析了漂白过程中可吸附有机卤化物(AOX)的产生量和各漂白流程的直接化学品成本.结果表明:D0段脱木素选择性好,ClO2用量为0.8%时脱木素率即达40%以上,且用量越高脱木素作用越强;Op段在脱出纸浆中残余木素的同时能大幅提升纸浆白度,纸浆白度明显高于D0浆;相同后续漂白化学品用量下,OpDEp漂后浆白度高于D0EpD漂后浆白度,且比OpD漂后浆白度约高12个百分点;相同纸浆白度下,OpDEp漂白过程中产生的可吸附有机卤化物总量约为D0EpD的50%,其直接化学品成本比后者低约40.00元/t,具有更好的环境、经济效益.     

碱抽提强化的麦草浆二氧化氯漂白及ECF漂白流程研究

摘要：采用四种不同的碱抽提方式对麦草浆二氧化氯漂白(D0)进行强化,考查了不同碱抽提方式的强化效果,并对不同ECF漂白流程进行了对比研究。结果表明：在D0ED1漂白流程中,不同碱抽提方式对D0木素的修饰效果不同,就后续D1漂段而言,四种不同碱抽提模式下纸浆的可漂性顺序为：D0EOP>D0EP>D0EO>D0E。在D0ED1漂白流程中,D1段ClO2对白度的提升是有限的,达到白度极限后再增加ClO2用量对白度提高不明显。本实验条件下D1段ClO2用量以1.0%~1.2%为佳。从D0ED1与D0EP各漂白流程的对比来看,在终段漂白中以P取代D1效果要好,表明H2O2用于终段漂白其效果要好于ClO2。从其它ECF漂白流程的对比来看,D0EPP和D0EOPP流程漂白效果优于其它流程。本实验条件下采用D0EPP和D0EOPP漂白流程,麦草浆漂后白度可分别达到83.8%和85.7%。     

碱抽提强化的麦草浆ClO_2漂白及ECF漂白流程

采用常规碱抽提(E)、氧加强的碱抽提(EO)、H2O2强化的碱抽提(EP)、氧和H2O2强化的碱抽提(EOP)对ClO2脱木素(D0)麦草浆进行改性,考查不同碱抽提方式的改性效果在后续漂段(D1)的体现,并就不同无元素氯(ECF)漂白流程(D0ED1、D0P、D0A/QP、D0EP、D0EPD1、D0EPP)进行对比.结果表明:不同碱抽提方式对D0浆木素的改性效果不同,就对后续漂段D1的影响而言,4种不同碱抽提方式下纸浆的可漂性顺序为D0EOPD0EPD0EOD0E;在4种碱抽提方式所对应的D0ED1漂白流程中,D1段ClO2用量的增加对白度的提升是有限的,以0.8%~1.0%为佳;D0EPD1和D0EPP流程漂白效果优于其它流程,采用D0EPD1和D0EPP流程漂后白度可分别达到82.3%ISO和83.8%ISO,均适用于麦草浆短序ECF漂白.     

STUDY ON THE ELEMENTAL CHLORINE FREE BLEACHING OF BAMBOO KRAFT PULP

1INTRODUCTIONChina is a country using the most variety of non-wood fiber raw material and is the largest country producing non-wood fiber pulp and paper in the world[1]. Bamboo is one kind of the main non-wood species for papermaking in China. Although the structure of raw materials for papermaking has being adjusted through increasing the proportion of wood pulp and by effectively utilizing waste paper source, non-wood species will still remain an important fiber resource[1,2].At present…     

微波技术在竹浆漂白中的应用

用正交实验法探讨了在微波辐射下次氯酸钠漂白硫酸盐竹浆的工艺条件,结果表明,微波辐射用于硫酸盐竹浆次氯酸盐单段漂白的最佳工艺条件为:微波辐射功率480W,辐射时间2min,用氯量4.29%,氢氧化钠用量1%,浆料浓度12%.在此条件下,纸浆白度可达72.9%IS0;而在相同条件下达到此白度,传统水浴加热则需要90min的时间。因此,微波辐射竹浆次氟酸钠单段漂白能节约能源和提高生产效率.     

蔗渣浆的全无氯漂白工艺

对蔗渣浆采用过氧化氢强化的氧脱木素(OP)-螯合预处理(Q)-压力过氧化氢漂白(PO)的短序漂白,探讨了将蔗渣浆漂至82%ISO和用非硅过氧化氢漂白稳定剂代替硅酸钠用于过氧化氢漂白的可行性.研究表明,非硅过氧化氢稳定剂PP-1与PP-2耐高温、耐高压,可用于压力过氧化氢漂白.OP段氢氧化钠用量为2.0%(相对于绝干浆质量,下同)、过氧化氢用量为0.5%,PO段过氧化氢用量为3.0%、PP-1用量为0.1%、PP-2用量为0.5%时,蔗渣浆采用OPQPO流程漂白后,浆的白度可达到85%ISO.而且OPQPO从根本上消除了可吸附有机卤化物的产生;经测定,漂白废水属于可生物降解废水.     

THE STUDY ON TCF BLEACHING OF NS REED PULP

In this paper, we have researched TCF bleaching on reed pulp including oxygen delignification, oxygen delignification with H2O2 intensification and H2O2 bleaching. The results show that Op-P bleaching process on NS reed pulp is suitable and the brightness of bleached pulp is up to 82% ISO.     

蔗渣浆全无氯漂白的研究

本本文探讨了在Op段低NaOH用量,P段低H2O2用量的条件下采用OpQP流程将蔗渣浆漂至82%ISO的可行性,并讨论了非硅过氧化氢漂白稳定剂代替硅酸钠用于过氧化氢漂白的可行性。研究表明非硅过氧化氢稳定剂PP-2,PP-1耐高温、高压,可用于压力过氧化氢漂白。在Op段2%NaOH,0.5%H2O2;P段3% H2O2,PP-1 0.1%, PP-2 0.5%条件下,蔗渣浆采用OpQPo流程,漂后浆白度达到85%ISO。OpQPo从根本上消除了AOX的产生,经测定漂白废水属于可生物降解废水,只有Q和P段的部分废水进入废水处理系统, 容易通过常规的污水处理方法达到日益严格的国家排放标准。     

MODIFIED OPAL:A NOVEL STABILIZER FOR HYDROGEN PEROXIDE BLEACHING OF PULPS

The possibility of modified opal as the stabilizer of hydrogen peroxide bleaching was investigated. The results showed that the modified opal in place of sodium silicate as the stabilizer of hydrogen peroxide bleaching is feasible. At the same dosage, above 3% ISO can be increased for both wheat straw pulp and deinked pulp. The stabilizing ability of the modified opal to hydrogen peroxide bleaching of pulp is improved markedly. It is favorable for bleaching to increase temperature and time within a permissive extent. The suitable process conditions are 10% of pulp consistency, 3% of hydrogen peroxide, 1.5% of sodium hydroxide, 3% of the modified opal, 70℃ and 60 min when the modified opal is used as the stabilizer of hydrogen peroxide bleaching. At these conditions, the brightness gain can reach about 16% ISO for wheat straw pulp. In addition, it is favorable for bleaching to add a little magnesium sulfate when the modified opal is used as the stabilizer of hydrogen peroxide bleaching, the brightness of pulp can increase I%ISO if0.05% of magnesium sulfate is added. The cost analysis indicated that the modified opal is superior to sodium silicate as the stabilizer of hydrogen peroxide bleaching in economical aspect and has further the potential of market development.     

HE EFFECT OF TRANSITION METAL IONS-IRON ON HYDROGEN PEROXIDE BLEACHING

Hydrogen peroxide bleaching has been extensively used in high-yield pulp bleaching. Unfortunately,hydrogen peroxide can be decomposed under alkaline condition, especially when transition metal ions exit. Experiments show that the valence of transition metal ion is also responsible for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.Iron ions are present in two oxidation states, Fe2+ and Fe3+. They are both catalytically active to hydrogen peroxide decomposition. Because Fe3+ is brown, it can affect the brightness of pulp directly, it can also combine with phenol, forming complexes which not only are stable structures and are difficult to be removed from pulp, but also significantly affect the brightness of pulp because of their color.Sodium silicate and magnesium sulfate, when used together, can greatly decrease hydrogen peroxide decomposition. The optimum dosage of sodium silicate is about 0.1% (on solution) for Fe2+ and 0.25% (on solution) for Fe3+. Adding chelants such as DTPA or EDTA with stabilizers simultaneously can obviously improve pulp brightness. For iron ions, the chelate effect of DTPA is better than that of EDTA.Under acidic conditions, sodium hyposulfite and cellulose can reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+ effectively, and pulp brightness is improved greatly. Adding sodium thiosulfate simultaneously with magnesium sulfate,sodium silicate, and DTPA to alkaline peroxide solution can result in higher brightness of pulp.pH is a key parameter during hydrogen peroxide bleaching, the optimum pH value should be 10.5-12.