油炸薯类脆片丙烯酰胺形成的影响因素研究

甘薯和马铃薯脆片在油炸过程中,影响丙烯酰胺形成的主要因素有温度、时间、浸泡程度等.通过研究表明,高温对丙烯酰胺生成影响较大,时间的影响次之.一定质量分数的N aC l和柠檬酸溶液浸泡处理,可降低成品中的丙烯酰胺含量.使用花生油油炸产生的丙烯酰胺含量高于同等条件下大豆油产生的含量.油的循环使用次数对丙烯酰胺含量影响较小.     

工业化生物质气化焦油中酚类化合物提纯工艺研究

采用酸碱抽提法对5 MW工业化生物质气化焦油中的酚类化合物进行提纯。通过常压蒸馏装置将气化焦油切割为3个馏分并测定酚含量,选取酚含量最高的馏分I进行酚类化合物酸碱抽提工艺研究,并利用GC/MS对提纯粗酚进行分析。结果表明:3个馏分(110~180℃、180~210℃和210~235℃)的酚质量分数分别为51.86%、20.46%和12.86%。较优的馏分I酸碱抽提碱洗和酸洗工艺条件分别为:碱液质量分数20%、碱洗时间5min和碱洗温度50℃;硫酸质量分数20%、酸洗时间30 min和酸洗温度22℃。较优酸碱抽提工艺条件下,馏分I的粗酚收率为50.24%,GC/MS分析表明,粗酚中主要含有42种酚类化合物,质量分数合计为98.49%,低级酚质量分数为73.90%。     

湘西“蒿菜粑粑”原料植物的营养成分测定

对湘西自治州各地区风味食品"蒿菜粑粑"的2种原料植物——白蒿(Artemisia princeps Pamp.)和鼠麹草(Gnaphalium affine D.Don)的可食用部位茎与叶,采用常压烘干法、灼烧法、微波消解-ICP-AES测定法、微量凯氏定氮法、蒽酮比色法、酸碱消煮法、紫外分光光度法、索氏抽提法进行各营养成分测定.测定结果表明,2种植物水分质量分数86%~91%,水溶性总糖质量分数6.75%~13.51%,粗纤维素质量分数20.30%~31.90%,粗脂肪质量分数3.70%~6.25%,粗蛋白质量分数5.22%~10.23%,灰分质量分数0.84%~1.30%,维生素C质量分数为99~188μg/g;2种植物所含矿质营养元素丰富,其中以Mg和Fe的质量分数最高;2种原料植物茎中水分、水溶性总糖、粗纤维质量分数都高于叶,粗脂肪、维生素C质量分数则是叶中高于茎,灰分、矿质元素在茎与叶中的质量分数差异不大;整体而言,鼠麹草中的水分、可溶性总糖、粗脂肪质量分数高于白蒿,白蒿中的粗纤维、粗蛋白、灰分、维生素C和矿质元素质量分数高于鼠麹草.     

δ-层状结晶二硅酸钠的制备

为了寻求三步法制备δ-层状结晶二硅酸钠的最佳工艺参数,以速溶粉状二硅酸钠为原料,探讨了干燥温度、干燥时间、调质粉水分含量、结晶温度和结晶时间对试样Ca2 交换能力的影响.实验结果表明:最佳工艺条件为干燥温度300℃,调质粉水分质量分数为8%～10%,结晶温度720℃,结晶时间30 min,此时试样的Ca2 交换能力均值为338 mg/g,Mg2 交换能力均值为392 mg/g,X射线衍射分析亦表明试样的δ相含量较高.     

莱豆真空油炸工艺优化研究

研究莱豆真空油炸的工艺特性,包括:油炸温度、真空度、时间和冷冻速率等对特色营养成分大豆异黄酮的保存和产品感观品质的影响,提出将真空油炸技术应用于香酥莱豆产品的加工,采用正交试验筛选真空油炸工艺条件。所选出的最佳工艺条件为:真空度0.085Mpa,油炸温度110℃,油炸时间15min,冷冻速率-2.5℃/h。按此生产的产品品质明显优于常压油炸产品,并且大豆异黄酮保存率比常压油炸产品高3倍,产品理化和卫生指标符合食品卫生标准,保质期12个月。     

响应面法优化菌株产淀粉酶培养条件的研究

在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面分析法对高产淀粉酶菌株的培养条件进行了优化.通过单因素试验,评价了不同温度、pH值、时间、碳源浓度、氮源浓度和摇床转速等6个因素对菌株产淀粉酶含量的影响.对蛋白胨质量分数、玉米粉质量分数、pH值和温度等主要影响因素进行中心组合设计,响应面分析结果为pH值对产酶影响显著,最佳培养条件为pH值为6.5,玉米粉质量分数为0.3%、蛋白胨质量分数为0.5%、培养温度为35℃、培养时间为30 h.     

油炸时间及温度对方便面水分及含油量的影响

阐述了方便面的水分含量及含油量是影响方便面品质的两个重要因素,研究了油炸时间和温度对方便面水分含量及含油量的影响.结果表明:油炸时间越长、油炸温度越高,面饼失水程度越大,含油量越高.说明油炸时间和温度对面饼中水分含量及含油量的影响是相互关联、存在一定的相关性的.     

猕猴桃籽成分分析及活性油脂提取工艺的研究

以陕西的秦美1#、2#猕猴桃为研究对象,探讨了猕猴桃的成分含量和活性油脂的提取方法及工艺参数。研究表明,猕猴桃的籽成分含量为:水分6.18%、灰分2.77%、粗脂肪32.00%、粗蛋白20.79%、碳水化合物39.86%。猕猴桃籽油提取的最佳工艺条件为:籽粒细度50目,萃取时间4h,萃取温度50℃。     

水浸法提取刺梨中多糖

为了简化刺梨多糖的提取工艺,达到节能、省时、方便的目的,用水提法提取刺梨多糖,探讨乙醇质量分数、提取温度、加热时间和料液比对多糖提取率的影响.采用正交实验优化工艺,以多糖提取率为评价指标,用蒽酮硫酸法测定多糖含量.水提法的最佳工艺条件为温度75 ℃,时间1 h,料液比1∶40,乙醇质量分数0%.在此条件下刺梨多糖的得率为4.7%.     

昙花总黄酮提取工艺研究

研究昙花总黄酮的提取工艺条件.采用传统热回流浸提法,以乙醇为提取溶剂,考察溶剂体积分数、提取温度、提取时间以及料液比对昙花总黄酮含量的影响,并在单因素实验的基础上,通过正交试验,确定昙花总黄酮的最佳提取工艺.结果表明,乙醇体积分数、提取温度、提取时间以及料液比对昙花总黄酮的含量均有影响;单因素考察结果显示乙醇体积分数为80%,提取温度为80℃,提取时间为4 h,料液比为1∶40(g/m L)条件下昙花总黄酮含量较高;正交试验优化的昙花总黄酮的提取工艺为乙醇体积分数为80%,提取温度为90℃,提取时间为4 h,此条件下昙花总黄酮含量为1.18%.本工艺简单、可行,为昙花的进一步开发利用奠定基础.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-