超声微波协同提取花生壳中黄酮类化合物的研究

花生壳资源丰富,其黄酮成分具有多种重要的生理功能,在医药、化妆品、保健食品领域具有广阔的应用前景.通过单因素试验和设计正交试验研究出超声-微波协同提取花生壳黄酮的最佳工艺条件：液料比为1：20,乙醇浓度为70％,超声功率为300 W,时间170 s,微波功率360 W.在此条件下花生壳黄酮类化合物的提取量可达（4.65±0.12）％.选择聚酰胺柱层析分离,用乙醇梯度溶液以2 mL/min的速度洗脱,收集各浓度乙醇的洗脱液浓缩点样,确定黄酮中各类物质,干燥称重,木犀草素的含量约为0.26％.     

搅拌回流法和微波法从花生壳中提取黄酮

以乙醇水溶液为提取剂,选择搅拌回流法和微波法利用正交实验从花生壳中提取黄酮,确定最佳实验条件,并且利用回收的乙醇和滤渣再进行提取实验.研究结果表明:搅拌回流法最佳实验条件是70%乙醇、提取温度70℃、提取时间4 h、料液比为1:40;微波法最佳实验条件是料液比为1:5、提取液pH值为5、提取时间为4min.提取液定性实验证明其中含有黄酮;旋转蒸发回收乙醇可以重复4次用于提取花生壳中的黄酮;新鲜乙醇可以重复3次用于提取滤渣中的黄酮.     

高粱黄酮的提取及其测定方法的建立

选用乙醇作为提取溶剂,对高粱中总黄酮进行提取,研究乙醇浓度、浸提温度、浸提时间、料液比对高粱黄酮提取率的影响.并通过单因素及正交试验,确定了高粱黄酮的最佳提取工艺:乙醇浓度为65%,80℃下浸提2 h,料液比为6∶100.此工艺下提取的高粱黄酮含量为0.54%.     

超声波强化提取鼠曲草中总黄酮的研究

采用超声波技术对鼠曲草黄酮提取工艺进行研究,选择功率,提取温度,提取时间,料液比为因素进行正交实验,优选出超声提取最佳工艺,并与常规热回流提取法作了比较研究。结果表明:超声波法优于常规热回流提取法。超声法的最佳提取条件为:使用60%乙醇,在温度70℃、超声波功率为140W、料液比l2∶5条件下提取30min,效果最佳。     

山楂黄酮的微波提取及抗氧化性研究

采用微波法对山楂中黄酮类化合物进行提取,探讨了山楂中黄酮类化合物提取工艺的影响因素.通过正交实验,得出微波法提取山楂黄酮的优化条件为：功率为300w,时间为3min,料液比为1：15（g/ml）,在此条件下,提取黄酮类化合物得率为8.02%.山楂黄酮有较强的清除自由基能力,表现出明显的抗氧化性.     

正交设计法优选银线莲黄酮类化合物提取工艺研究

本实验采用正交设计法对银线莲黄酮类化合物提取工艺参数进行优化.以黄酮提取率为指标,以乙醇浓度、提取时间、料液比、提取温度、萃取液比为考察因素,采用正交试验优选最佳提取工艺.结果表明最佳提取工艺应为在80℃条件下提取,乙醇浓度90％,提取时间为2.0h,料液比1：20,萃取液用量为提取液的0.75倍,最后黄酮得率为1.697％.     

响应面法优化仙草黄酮提取工艺研究

采用响应面优化法对仙草中黄酮的提取工艺进行研究.将乙醇浓度、提取时间及液料比作为影响因子,在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面Box-Behnken中心组合法,进行试验设计,将仙草中黄酮的提取率作为响应指标值,进行优化试验.试验结果说明各个因素对仙草中黄酮的提取率影响强弱次序为:乙醇体积分数液料比提取时间;仙草黄酮的最佳提取条件:乙醇体积分数60%,提取时间5 h,液料比30∶1(m L/g),该条件下得到的黄酮提取率最大,实际测定值为14.37%,与预测值(14.79%)没有显著性差异.表明响应面优化法分析的结果可信,所得的最佳提取条件为仙草中黄酮的综合利用奠定了基础.     

响应曲面法优化桑椹黄酮的超声提取工艺

研究以水为溶剂的超声提取桑椹黄酮工艺,采用响应曲面法优化桑椹黄酮超声提取的关键参数,建立了预测试验结果的模型方程,并验证了模型的有效性。结果表明,桑椹黄酮超声提取的最佳工艺为：超声功率为315W,液料比为60mL：1g,提取时间为12min。在最佳工艺条件下桑椹黄酮的预测最优值是18.85mg·g-1,验证结果为18.12mg·g-1。该工艺稳定环保,适于桑椹黄酮的提取。     

超声波提取抱茎苦荬菜总黄酮工艺的研究

以抱茎苦荬菜全草为原料,在单因素实验基础上,以乙醇浓度、超声时间、超声功率、料液比4因素进行正交实验,优化超声波提取抱茎苦荬菜内总黄酮物质的提取工艺.在实验影响因素中,影响程度从大到小依次为超声波功率＞乙醇浓度＞料液比＞超声提取时间.实验结果表明,抱茎苦荬菜全草中黄酮类物质的最佳提取条件为:7.72 mol/L乙醇,料液比1:20,超声功率400 W,在50℃提取60 min,连续提取2次,总黄酮得率高达1.102%.     

响应面法优化提取拳参黄酮的工艺研究

以拳参粉末为原料,用超声波辅助提取法对黄酮成分进行提取.选取料液比、超声功率、提取时间和提取温度作为考察对象,用拳参黄酮的提取率作为目标,进行单因素实验,进行响应面分析.发现拳参黄酮最好的提取方法是为料液比1:41 g/mL、超声功率397 W、提取时间59 min、提取温度41℃,提取率的预测值为1.162％,实际值...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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