Increased liver calcium after calcium or milk gavage in rats

Summary For 1 or 2 h following a gavage of milk or 300 mM CaCl₂ (2 ml/100 g b.wt), rats had an increased liver calcium content when compared to rats receiving a deionized water gavage.Supported in part by a grant from the National Science Foundation (PCM 75-23603). We are grateful to Mr John O'Brien for his technical assistance.     

Zur Bildung von Carbonylverbindungen in Fetten nach Einwirkung von Elektronenstrahlen

Summary Investigations of the formation of carbonyl compounds in fats subjected to electron rays (100 Mrad) have been reported. More than 20 different substances can be determined by gasliquid-chromatography. The splitting of the ester-C-O-C-bonds is mostly accompanied by a fracture of the fatty acid chain and carbonyl compounds with 6 to 12 C-atoms are essentially formed (aldehydes mostly up to 9 C-atoms). A relatively high concentration of unsaturated C₉-ketones and a small amount of ketones with more than 13 C-atoms has been found in irradiated tripalmitin and palmitic acid. None of these higher compounds could be detected in unsaturated oils, which contain more C₁₁- and C₁₂-ketones.     

Cytosolic calcium in platelet activation

Experiments with permeabilised platelets, and with intact platelets loaded with fluorescent Ca²⁺-indicators, over the past several years have greatly extended our knowledge and understanding of cytosolic Ca²⁺ as a platelet activator and its interactions with other cytosolic regulators. This article outlines insights, gained from the use of the fluorescent dyes, into maintenance and restoration of basal [Ca²⁺]_i, mechanisms of receptor-mediated Ca²⁺-mobilisation and quantitation of [Ca²⁺]_i/response relations in intact human platelets.     

Cytosolic calcium in platelet activation

Experiments with permeabilised platelets, and with intact platelets loaded with fluorescent Ca2+-indicators, over the past several years have greatly extended our knowledge and understanding of cytosolic Ca2+ as a platelet activator and its interactions with other cytosolic regulators. This article outlines insights, gained from the use of the fluorescent dyes, into maintenance and restoration of basal [Ca2+]i, mechanisms of receptor-mediated Ca2+-mobilisation and quantitation of [Ca2+]i/response relations in intact human platelets.     

Umlagerung von Azulen in Naphthalin

Summary Azulene (I) is converted into Naphthalene (II) by heating for 48 hours to 330° C.

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74. Mitt. zur Kenntnis der Sesquiterpene.     

Abbauprodukte von Simazin in Gramineen

Summary Coix lacryma-jobi L., about 20 days old and grown on watercultures, were fed with¹⁴C-ring-labelled simazine. After freeze drying, the plant tissue was extracted with chloroform and 80% ethanol. The ethanol extractable activities were fractionated on a cation exchange column. The radioactive metabolites seem to be identical with 2-hydroxy-4, 6-diethylamino-s-triazine (hydroxysimazine), 2-hydroxy-4, 6-diamino-s-triazine (ammelin) and 2-hydroxy-4-ethylamino-6-amino-s-triazine.     

Nuclear calcium signalling

The topic of nuclear Ca2+ signalling is beset by discrepant observations of substantial nuclear/cytoplasmic gradients. The reasons why some labs have recorded such gradients, whilst other workers see equilibration of Ca2+(cyt) and Ca2+(nuc) using the same cells and techniques, is unexplained. Furthermore, how such gradients could arise across the NE that possesses many highly-conductive NPCs is a mystery. Although nuclei may have the capacity to be autonomous signalling entities, with functional Ca2+ release channels and an inositide cycle, the balance of evidence suggests that Ca2+ release on the inner NE does not occur during physiological stimulation. Our work suggests that elementary Ca2+ release events originating in the cytoplasm can give rise to Ca2+ signals without causing elevation of the bulk cytoplasm. Clearly, the many Ca2+ signalling mechanisms that may impinge on Ca2+(nuc) will remain a topic of controversy and debate for some time.     

Umwandlung von Cysteinylserin in Lanthionin

Summary N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-S-benzoyl-l-cysteinyl-O-benzoyl-L-serine methyl ester is transformed to N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivatives of cyclo-l-lanthionyl methyl ester and of cyclo-meso-lanthionyl methyl ester.     

Abstossung von Tumoren unter Einwirkung von anorganischem Diphosphat

Summary Eels with dermal tumors, consisting mainly of undifferentiated epidermal cells, have been treated with inorganic diphosphate. Depending on concentration of the diphosphate used, the tumors show either an increased number of mucous cells or they are repelled. In the adjacent tissue of the cutis, during these processes, a great number of lymphocytes and macrophages are found. Three possibilities are offered to explain these facts, the most important of which is that the diphosphate increases the ability of the tumor cells to redifferentiate. Consequently, formation of tumor specific antigens is induced, as a result of which the tumor is destroyed by an immunbiological reaction.     

Fluoride and calcium levels in the aorta

Zusammenfassung Fluor- und Kalziumwerte in verkalktem Aortengewebe wurden mit denen von makroskopisch normal erscheinendem Aortengewebe verglichen. Der Fluorgehalt der Aorta verschiedener Personen zeigte grosse individuelle Schwankungen, die unabhängig vom Kalziumgehalt waren. Eine direkte Korrelation des Aortenfluors mit dem Lebensalter wurde festgestellt. Die statistische Auswertung der Untersuchungen vonCall et al.² ergab, dass der Fluorgehalt der Aorta unabhängig von demjenigen des Skelettes ist.

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I appreciate the cooperation of Drs. E.Booth and J. R.Mc-Donald, pathologists at Hutzel and Harper Hospitals respectively, for furnishing the aorta specimens; D. L. J.Savage and Mr. J. M.Lucas of the Department of Statistics at Yale University for their statistical interpretation of my data; Dr. R. A.Kemp Harper, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, England, and Dr. G.Nalbone, Department of Industrial Medicine, University of Palermo, Italy, for furnishing the illustrations in Figures 1 and 2.     

Sodium/calcium exchange in ventricular muscle

Ventricular cells possess two Ca extrusion mechanisms, a Na/Ca exchange system and a Ca pump. Reversing the exchanger by extracellular Na removal causes [Na]i to decrease, and the cells take up mmolar quantities of calcium. Since [Ca]i shows only a marginal increase the calcium load must be buffered. The capacity of the SR is limited so the mitochondria probably buffer a large part of this load. However, when Ca uptake into the mitochondria is blocked, the gain in Ca is still mmolar and the increase in [Ca]i still marginal, suggesting an additional buffering site. Measurements of the Na/Ca stoichiometry on sarcolemmal vesicles gave a value of 3, but in ventricle values of around 2.5 or 3 are found. Reasons for this are discussed, as are the differences amongst the different methods of Ca measurement. The interaction of the sarcolemmal Ca pump and the exchanger are considered and it is suggested they could interact via [Na]i. At rest both systems could remove Ca from the cell but on a large perturbation the Na/Ca exchange would be the more important of the two.     

Die Einlagerung von radioaktivem Schwefel in die Flügel von Acrididen nach Applikation von35S-Natriumsulfat-und35S-l-Cystinlösungen

Summary Psophus stridulus L. andOedipoda coerulescens L. were fed or injected with solutions of Na ₂ ³⁵ SO₄ and³⁵S-l-cystine. The radioactive radiation pattern of the wings was found to depend on the time of application. Differences in radiation intensity were found to correspond to the red, blue and dark areas.     

Experimentelle Reversion von Tumorzellen in vivo

Summary European eels with fast growing epidermal papillomas (cauliflower disease) were treated with quinine-sulphate. At concentrations of 15 to 60 mg/l and after 8 weeks of treatment, there occurred newly formed mucous cells and club cells in the tumor tissue. Tight contact between all cells was reestablished. The nucleus-plasma-relation had evidently decreased. Electron microscopical studies showed a restauration of degenerated cell organelles, especially of the outer membrane. Growth rate of the tumors was reduced, and at a concentration of 60 mg/l the tumor tissue ceased growing from the beginning of treatment.     

Gewinnung von Chloroplasten ohne Verwendung von Flüssigkeiten

Summary A method is described for the isolation of chloroplasts from powder of frozen-dried leaves without using any liquids.     

Altersbedingte Abnahme von Kreatinphosphat und Änderungen der Adeninnukleotide in der Skelettmuskulatur von Ratten

Summary The content of phosphocreatine and of the adenin nucleotides, ATP, ADP and AMP in the white skeletal muscle of rats of different ages has been determined.There is an age-dependent relation between the quantity of phosphocreatine and the ratio of ATP/ADP. Young rats contain relatively much phosphocreatine (up to 57%) and a high ATP/ADP ratio (mean 6.7) while old rats show less phosphocreatine (40.8%) and also a low ATP/ADP ratio (mean 2.2).

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M. Ermini dankt der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften für eine Verlängerung seines Stipendiums undI. Szelenyi dankt für ein USA Forschungs-Stipendium an das Institut für experimentelle Gerontologie in Basel. Herrn Prof.F. Verzár sind wir für die Leitung dieser und weiterer Arbeiten zu Dank verbunden.     

Die Wirkung von Progesteron und Progesteronmetaboliten auf das Wachstum von embryonalem Knorpel in vitro

Summary Embryonic chick bones were cultured in vitro in the presence of progesterone and of a series of progesterone metabolites. It was found that only 5-pregnane-3,20-dione, 3-hydroxy-5-pregnane-20-one, and ⁴-pregnene-20-ol-3-one influence the growth of bones in vitro in a manner similar to progesterone. All other investigated progesterone metabolites exert either a different or no demonstrable action on bone growth.     

Bestimmung von Glykolyse-Metaboliten in isolierten Zellkernen

Summary Isolated rat liver nuclei have been analyzed for the intranuclear concentration of 8 glycolytic metabolites, and in addition for the 3 adenine nucleotides, and for malate. All these substrates are to be found in nuclei in a range of concentration comparable to that in the whole tissue. The consequences of these findings with respect to the definite establishment of glycolysis in isolated nuclei, as well as for the intranuclear formation of energy-rich phosphate bonds, are discussed.

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Meinem Lehrer, Prof. Dr. Dr.K. Lang, in aller Verehrung und Dankbarkeit zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet.