新疆春小麦干物质积累分配动态与产量形成

通过三年对两个春小麦品种试验研究,说明春小麦干物质积累强度以拔节至灌浆盛期最大.干物质积累的动态全株、主茎、穗、茎和分蘖是S型曲线,叶片、叶鞘和全叶干物质积累呈抛物线.全叶干物质积累与叶面积系数、主茎叶面积,单株叶面积消长动态一致.开花后伴随籽粒干物质积累增加,其他非经济器官干物质积累呈有规律的向籽粒转移.叶、鞘、茎三者转移量,叶片>叶鞘>茎,它们转移总量占籽粒重30%左右.     

基于DSSAT模型的河套平原春小麦灌溉方案优化

以河套平原临河站点监测的春小麦“永良4号”品种为例,运用DSSAT-CERES-Wheat模型,经过参数校正和验证,模拟不同生育期多种灌溉配额组合下的春小麦产量,优化灌溉方案,提高灌溉水生产效益. 研究结果表明:1）DSSAT-CERES-Wheat模型能较好地模拟河套平原春小麦“永良4号”的生长过程;2）春小麦的灌溉水生产效益随总灌溉量增加呈下降趋势;3）分蘖期灌溉是保证春小麦产量的基础,拔节期的灌溉量对提高灌溉水生产效益作用最为明显,春小麦产量对乳熟期灌溉量的响应最不敏感;4）春小麦分蘖期、拔节期、抽穗期、开花期分别灌溉30、105、30和30 mm的水量,为河套平原春小麦“永良4号”品种的最优节水灌溉方案,优化后的方案可保证春小麦产量,并且能提高春小麦灌溉水生产效益与灌溉水利用效率.      

不同类型春小麦品种的干物质积累及产量形成规律研究

通过田间试验研究适于新疆北部种植的8个不同品质类型的春小麦品种植株不同器官干物质,探讨不同品质类型春小麦品种产量形成特点,以期为新疆专用优质小麦栽培以及品质生态区域的划分提供一定的理论基础。采用单因子随机区组设计,设8个品种处理,进行田间小区试验。从开花至花后30d,各品种干物质积累均呈上升的趋势,不同品质类型品种相比,干物质积累量最大的为新春21号,其次为新春12号,干物质积累量最低的是新春17号。干物质在不同营养器官中的分配率存在一定的差异,总体来看,茎部干物质分配率最高,其次为颖和穗轴,叶片和叶鞘分配率相对较低;各品种之间比较,成熟期干物质在叶片中的分配率最高的为新春17号。中强筋品种穗粒数、千粒重和产量均大于强筋和中筋品种,而穗数却为最低。通过灰色关联度分析,产量构成因素与产量的关联序为穗粒数(r=0.3190)千粒重(r=0.3156)穗数(r=0.3037)。通过以上分析表明,增加穗粒数和千粒重可以有效地促进产量的提高。不同品质性状受环境和基因型影响程度不同,对小麦生产来说,应该在掌握不同春小麦品种品质形成特点的基础上,给予适当的栽培措施,使小麦能够发挥最大的品质潜力,促进优质专用小麦的产业化发展。     

不同水氮处理对滴灌春小麦氮素积累转运及产量的影响

为了明确施氮量和灌溉量对小麦花后干物质、氮素积累与转运的影响及其与产量关系,本研究在大田滴灌条件下,研究了常规灌溉Wc和适度亏缺灌溉W1、W2、W3,Wc灌水量5250 m3/hm2,W1、W2、W3总灌水量均为4575m3/hm2和施氮量,常规施氮N20(300 kg/hm2)、氮肥后移N16a (240 kg/hm2)、氮肥前移N16b(240 kg/hm2)、不施氮N0(0 kg/hm2),对春小麦开花前后的干物质积累和氮素积累、转运及产量的影响。结果表明:小麦干物质的积累量理论值以适度水分亏缺下氮肥前移N16b积累的干物质量理论值高于氮肥后移N16a。氮素积累量在4个灌溉水平下以适度亏缺灌溉的W1水平最大,施氮量为0-300 kg/hm2范围内氮素累积量随施氮量的增加而增加;氮素转运量和贡献率以茎鞘为最大,叶片次之,颖轴最小,水分和施氮量的增加有助于氮素的转运。适度亏缺W1水平下N16b施氮处理的小麦籽粒产量与N20差异不显著;相同施氮量下,W1水平N16b处理的氮肥生产效率达到33.38%,显著高于N16a、N20,N16b的氮肥农学利用率为17.66%,显著高于N16a、N20。综上结果表明:W1N16b处理既保证了小麦的产量与品质,又减少了水氮资源的投入,提高了经济效益且保护了生态环境,因此W1N16b为本实验下的最优水氮耦合模式。     

水和施磷覆膜农艺措施对春小麦冠根生长及资源分配的调控研究

在甘肃定西极端干旱年型下，通过大田试验处理表明，浇灌底墒水、施磷和覆膜对春小麦地上和地下部分有显著的调控作用。在春小麦生长的前期和中期，可显著增加次生根条数，根系分布层次下移，0～60cm层次根系比例增加，并推迟根系衰老，有利于干物质适当较早地向繁殖器官转移；在生长的后期，覆膜处理地上部干物质积累增加很少，部分器官干物质量还减少，同化物有效供给不足，同浇水、浇水施磷处理相比，浇水覆膜、浇水施磷覆膜处理分别减产49．56％，40．56％，以浇灌底墒水和施用磷肥的处理产量最高。     

不同播期对玉米干物质积累的影响及分析

适期早播有利于玉米干物质积累，为后期干物质增长和长时间维持较高的积累速度打下了良好的物质基础。早期玉米干物质积累持续时间适中，积累速度快，且能维持较长的时间，这是光、温、水对玉米群体在时间和空间上良好协调作用的结果。从播期来看，随播期的推迟干物质积累量逐渐减少；从品种来看，2品种YD22和SC704在不同播期均是YD22的干物重积累量大，说明YD22有着较大的增产潜力。     

新疆甜菜群体光合特性及与产量关系的研究

以新甜7号和新甜9号为材料，研究了不同密度条件下甜菜群体光合速率的生育期变化、日变化、群体干物质累积及叶根比率的变化，分析了群体光合速率与甜菜地上部、地下部干物质及块根产量的关系。结果表明，在块根增长期和糖分积累期，群体光合速率与块根产量呈显著正相关(r=0．926)，说明块根增长期以后的群体光合同化量决定着块根产量的高低，维持生育后期群体光合速率，有利于提高甜菜产量。     

氮素处理对不同氮效应型水稻品种产量及群体小气候的影响

以前期筛选获得的低氮高效型品种F优498和高氮高效型品种内5优768为试验材料,研究了不同氮素水平下两类型品种产量和群体小气候的差异.结果表明:低氮(N0)条件下,低氮高效型品种产量为7 244.12kg/hm~2,其干物质积累量、氮素干物质生产效率和氮素稻谷生产效率显著高于高氮高效型品种.高氮(N2)条件下,高氮高效型品种产量达11 265.13kg/hm~2;中氮(N1)条件相对低氮增产率达41.50%,其干物质积累量、氮肥吸收利用率和氮肥农学利用率显著高于低氮高效型品种.随施氮量的增加,两类型水稻的群体各部位光照强度逐渐减小,总体表现为:低氮和中氮条件大于高氮条件,穗层和基部光照强度最大值出现的时间也有所延迟.低氮高效型品种在低氮水平、高氮高效型品种在高氮水平,穗层光照强度较大,穗层和基部温度较高而相对湿度较小.群体营造出高温低湿的小气候条件,有利于提高光合速率和增加物质积累,对增产有一定促进作用.     

攀西地区春烟生育规律研究

在相似的施肥和管理水平下，攀西春烟前期的植株高度矮地夏烟，单株叶片数较夏烟有所减少；春烟前期植株干物质积累慢于夏烟，中期干物质积累慢于夏烟，中期干物质迅速积累，其积累速度快于夏烟，最终积累的干物质量有所增加；春烟不同部位叶片与夏烟对尖部位叶片，在叶面积增长速度和时间上表现出明显的差异，春烟群体叶面积高峰勘交夏烟滞后２０天左右，生育期有所延后。     

不同基因型冬小麦花后干物质的累积、转运及氮动态变化研究

采用田间小区试验,研究了2个不同基因型冬小麦(小偃22号和小偃6号)对花后不同营养器官干物质的累积与转运、收获指数及籽粒灌浆过程中茎、叶、颖壳、籽粒的全氮含量的动态变化。结果表明:茎、叶干物质的积累量,从开花期到成熟期一直呈下降的趋势;穗干物质的积累量,在开花期和灌浆期,随着施氮量的增加均呈升高的趋势;灌浆期到成熟期无明显趋势。开花期,不同干物质转运量在不同器官中的分配为"茎叶穗";冬小麦不同器官转移的干物质对子粒的贡献叶片最大,其次是茎,穗部最小;施氮处理下,收获指数显著高于不施氮处理。在籽粒灌浆过程中,全氮含量在茎、叶、籽粒中呈先降低后升高的趋势,而颖壳中的全氮含量呈"降低—升高—降低"的趋势;冬小麦不同器官全氮含量为茎颖壳叶籽粒,施氮量在150 kg/hm2处理下,冬小麦各器官全氮含量保持较高水平。试验中选用的2个基因型冬小麦品种,小偃22号干物质的积累量、收获指数显著高于小偃6号;施氮处理下,小偃22号不同器官的干物质转运量、干物质转运率和干物质对籽粒的贡献率都显著高于小偃6号。小偃22号具有较高的氮素吸收能力。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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