Increase in rabbit hypothalamic histidine decarboxylase activity after oophorectomy and thyroidectomy

Zusammenfassung Die Histidin-Decarboxylase-(HD)-Aktivität im Hypothalamus des Kaninchens wurde nach Oophorectomie und Thyroidectomie gemessen. Die Resultate zeigten, dass die HD-Aktivität sich 20 Tage nach der Oophorectomie und der Thyroidectomie verdoppelt. 20 Tage nach kombinierter Oophorectomie und Thyroidectomie stieg die HD-Aktivität ungefär 4mal, verglichen mit der Aktivität des Kontrollmatrials. Sham-operierte Kontrollen zeigten keine Veränderungen der HD-Aktivität im Hypothalamus.     

The changes of gastric histidine decarboxylase activity during fasting and feeding

Riassunto L'autore descrive le variazioni dell'attività istidino decarbossilasica nello stomaco di ratto in funzione del ritmo digestivo. L'attività enzimatica già alla 1^a-2^a ora di rialimentazione è molto superiore a quella dello stomaco in condizioni di digiuno. Contemporaneamente all'aumento dell'attività enzimatica si manifesta riduzione della quantità della istamina gastrica. Si prospetta l'ipotesi che la liberazione di tale amina sia responsabile dell'incremento dell'attività enzimatica osservata.     

Is the basal activity of rat stomach histidine decarboxylase affected by antrectomy?

The serum gastrin concentration and the gastric histidine decarboxylase activity are high in freely fed, unoperated rats but low in antrectomized rats. Following food deprivation the serum gastrin level and the enzyme activity are reduced simultaneously in the unoperated rats. After fasting for 36-48 h - but not before - the enzyme activity drops to the same low levels as in antrectomized rats.     

Elevated kidney glucosyltransferase activity in genetic prediabetic mice

Summary Glucosyltransferase activity in the renal cortex of genetic diabetic KK mice was significantly increased at 40 days of age when compared to that of Swiss albino and F₁ hybrid mice. This increase in enzyme activity in the absence of glucose intolerance can be regarded as an earlier genetic marker for the diagnosis of diabetic microangiopathy.Acknowledgments. This research was supported in part by the General Research Support Grant No. RR-05398 from the General Research Support Branch, Division of Research Resources, National Institutes of Health, National Institutes of Health Training Grant No. 5-T01-AM-05617-06, Hope for Diabetics Foundation, Inc., and Pfizer Research Laboratories. Dr.R. A. Camerini-Davalos was a Career Scientist of the Health Research Council of the City of New York, and Drs.A. S. Reddi andC.A. Velasco were N. I. H. Trainees in Diabetes Mellitus during part of this study.     

Effect of deglycyrrhizinized liquorice on gastric acid secretion,histidine decarboxylase activity and serum gastrin level in the rat

Zusammenfassung Nachweis, dass die Behandlung mit einem deglycyrrhizinierten Lakrizpräparat die basale Säurereaktion bei Ratten hemmt. Erhöhtes antrales pH führt zu vermehrter Freisetzung von antralem Gastrin mit bedeutender Aktivierung der Histidindecarboxylase in der Magenschleimhaut.

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Acknowledgments: This study was supported by the Swedish Medical Research Council No. B73-04x-1007-08 and by the Albert Påhlsson Foundation.     

Antioxidant activity of mouse liver and kidney extracts

Zusammenfassung Die hemmende Wirkung wässeriger Leber- und Nierenextrakte von Mäusen auf die DOPA-Auto-Oxydation wurde geprüft. Leber- und Nierenwerte waren von gleicher Grössenordnung und etwa dreimal grösser als die früher für Mäuse- und Menschenhaut bestimmten Werte. Der Hemmfaktor besteht zum grossen Teil aus Eiweiss und konnte in einen -SH-Gruppen enthaltenden, hitzeempfindlichen Teil und einen -SH-Gruppen-freien, hitzestabilen Teil getrennt werden. Die mögliche Bedeutung solcher Hemmstoffe für die Zelle wird erörtert.     

Formation of histamine in the pregnant mouse

Zusammenfassung Untersuchungen der Histaminproduktion bei der trächtigen Maus ergaben eine Steigerung, die in der ersten Woche beginnt und bis zu 3 Wochen nach der Geburt der Jungen anhält. Die Aktivität des Enzymsystems, Histidindecarboxylase, ist während dieser Zeit erhöht, zuerst in der Niere der Mutter und danach in den Foeten. Die foetale Enzymaktivität ist am 19. Tage maximal. Versuche mit Substanzen, die die Enzyme hemmen, deuten auf eine spezifische Histidindecarboxylase hin.     

The activation of rat stomach histidine decarboxylase is independent of the histamine level

Zusammenfassung Nach wiederholter Pentagastrin-Injektion wurde ein progressiver Anstieg der gastrischen Histidin-Decarboxylase-Aktivität in nüchternen Ratten gefunden. Nach anfänglicher Abnhame steigt der gastrische Histaminspiegel und erreicht nach 12 stündiger Behandlung Normalwerte, was beweist, dass die pentagastrininduzierte Aktivierung der Enzymaktivität vom Histaminspiegel unabhängig ist.

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Grant support from the Swedish Medical Research Council No. B71-14X-1007-06C, the Medical Faculty of Lund and the Albert Påhlsson Foundation.     

Effect of prolonged inhibition of histidine decarboxylase on tissue histamine concentrations

In rats, chronic infusion of alpha-fluoromethyl histidine, a selective irreversible inhibitor of mammalian histidine decarboxylase, caused a marked depletion of histamine in all tissues examined. There were no gross pharmacological effects associated with this depletion.     

Stabilization of mouse brain glutamic decarboxylase

Résumé Le GAD du cerveau de souris, une enzyme sensible au SH, peut être purifié en présence de 2-aminoéthyl-isothiouronium-bromide (AET), une substance radioprotective. AET, qui existe en solution neutre, comme 2-mercaptoethyl guanidine, protège les enzymes qui contiennent le SH bien mieux que les quantités isomolares du GSH ou du dithioérythrétol (Cleland's reagent). En outre, il est possible que l'AET soit une source naissante de mercaptoéthylamine qui produit un dérivatif de thiazolidine avec le groupe aldéhyde de pyridoxal phosphate qui opère indépendamment comme galeyeur. Ce mécanisme explique la qualité radioprotective supérieure de l'AET et des aminothiols in vivo en comparaison des substances qui ne contiennent pas d'amino.     

Green tea epigallocatechin-3-gallate is an inhibitor of mammalian histidine decarboxylase

(–)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, an antiproliferative and antiangiogenic component of green tea, has been reported to inhibit dopa decarboxylase. In this report, we show that this compound also inhibits histidine decarboxylase, the enzymic activity responsible for histamine biosynthesis. This inhibition was proved by a double approach, activity measurements and UV-Vis spectra of enzyme-bound pyridoxal-5-phosphate. At 0.1mM (–)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, histidine decarboxylase activity was inhibited by more than 60% and the typical spectrum of the internal aldimine form shifted to a stable major maximum at 345nm, suggesting that the compound causes a stable change in the structure of the holoenzyme. Since histamine release is one of the primary events in many inflammatory responses, a new potential application of (–)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate in prevention or treatment of inflammatory processes is suggested by these data.Received 8 April 2003; received after revision 20 May 2003; accepted 3 June 2003     

Colchicine inhibits stimulated release of gastric histamine but not activation of histidine decarboxylase

Summary In the rat, gastric mucosal histamine is mobilized and histidine decarboxylase activated by treatment with insulin or pentagastrin. Colchicine pretreatment prevented the histamine release without preventing the enzyme activation. The results suggest a) that histamine release and histidine decarboxylase activation are independent events, and b) that microtubules are involved in the release of histamine.     

Colchicine inhibits stimulated release of gastric histamine but not activation of histidine decarboxylase.

In the rat, gastric mucosal histamine is mobilized and histidine decarboxylase activated by treatment with insulin or pentagastrin. Colchicine pretreatment prevented the histamine release without preventing the enzyme activation. The results suggest a) that histamine release and histidine decarboxylase activation are independent events, and b) that microtubules are involved in the release of histamine.     

Glutamate decarboxylase activity in preoptic and hypothalamic nuclei of the rat

Summary Freeze-dried samples were used for the determination of glutamate decarboxylase activity in discrete preoptic and hypothalamic nuclei. The activity showed marked regional variation in distribution.