不锈钢/铝/不锈钢复合板的力学及拉深成形性能

通过单向拉伸实验、Swift杯形实验研究了组元金属、组元金属厚度比对不锈钢/铝/不锈钢三层复合板力学性能及拉深成形性能的影响.结果表明:复合板的力学性能及拉深性能并不是各组元金属相应性能的简单叠加,而是受三种组元金属的相互影响;复合板的力学性能及拉深性能更接近于组元金属中相应性能最好的组元;增加抗拉强度较高的材料层厚度比,复合板的整体力学性能增强,拉深成形性能变好;表征组元金属拉深性能的力学性能指标硬化指数和抗拉强度越大,复合板整体的力学性能和拉深成形性能也越好;将抗拉强度高的材料一面与凹模接触进行拉深具有更好的拉深成形性能.     

层厚比对钛/铝复合板拉伸力学性能的影响

针对TA1/3003层状复合板,考虑钛/铝层状复合板厚度方向非均质材料力学特性,通过单向拉伸实验,研究层厚比对钛/铝复合板拉伸力学性能的影响及断裂机理。结果表明,钛/铝复合板的强度、均匀伸长率、断裂伸长率等力学性能均介于两种组元材料之间,拉伸过程中试件在宽度方向上产生附加应力,产生向钛侧翘曲的现象。用ABAQUS模拟不同层厚比复合板的单向拉伸过程,结果表明复合板力学性能与组元层厚比和组元材料性能有关,对比模拟、加权公式与实验结果,表明抗拉强度、屈服强度与弹性模量基本符合层厚比加权平均规律,上述方法可用于预测复合板的性能参数,并为实现复合板综合力学性能定量化设计奠定了基础。     

有助复剂温轧不锈钢复铝板实验研究

实验研究了浸涂助复剂和中温轧制工艺对不锈钢和铝固相复合界面结合强度及复合板深加工性能的影响·结果表明,原料表面浸涂助复剂不仅可以有效清除不锈钢和铝表面的氧化层,同时反应生成的覆盖膜在加热时又可防止和减少材料表面的再氧化和二次污染,有利于提高界面的结合强度;采用中温轧制工艺不仅在小变形的条件下即可实现不锈钢和铝复合界面的良好结合,而且能明显降低复合过程中不锈钢的变形率分配,有利于改善复合板的深加工性能     

钛-铝层状复合板冷塑性变形过程损伤演化行为

基于原位拉伸试验方法,对钛-铝层状复合板冷塑性成形过程中的损伤演化行为进行了研究。获得了钛-铝层状复合板在拉伸变形过程中微裂纹的萌生和扩展规律,研究了钛-铝层状复合板界面区、钛层、铝层的拉伸断口形貌,揭示了钛-铝层状复合板冷塑性变形过程中界面区和各异质层的损伤演化机制。研究结果表明:裂纹首先在钛-铝层状复合板的界面区萌生、扩展和连接,导致钛层和铝层发生分层;随后,裂纹由界面区向钛层扩展,当钛层发生断裂后裂纹由界面区向铝层扩展。界面区的断裂呈典型的脆性断裂。     

水平连铸铜铝复合板带界面Al–17at%Cu共晶合金热变形行为

铜铝双金属复合板材具有纯铜的高导电导热和纯铝的轻质廉价等特性,可代替铜合金制品应用于航空航天、交通运输和装饰建材等领域,解我国铜资源短缺、严重依赖进口之危,缓铝产能过剩、资源严重流失之困,近年来受到人们的广泛关注。在众多铜铝双金属复合板材的制备技术中,连铸复合直接成形技术实现了铜铝双金属复合板材铸造、复合和成形的一体化,生产流程短、效率高,板材界面结合强度高,具有较为广阔的发展前景。水平连铸制备的铜铝复合板带界面中共晶组织层厚度占界面总厚度的90%以上,其在后续轧制成形加工中的变形行为对成形后复合板带的质量影响显著。本文通过改变铸锭凝固时的冷却速率,制备铜铝复合板带界面共晶组织材料,研究其在热压缩过程中的变形行为。研究结果表明:当变形温度大于300°C时,共晶组织中α-Al的动态再结晶软化作用大于加工硬化作用,共晶组织发生均匀的塑性变形。并采用Arrhenius型双曲正弦模型建立了共晶组织流变应力本构方程,为铜铝复合板带的加工成形过程提供可靠的理论依据。     

不锈钢覆铝板的四层对称轧制复合

运用四层对称轧制复合法对不锈钢覆铝板的生产工艺进行了研究。通过与传统的二层非对称轧制复合对比,发现四层对称轧制复合法的生产效率提高了近１倍,制备的复合板较平直;在试验条件下,四层对称轧制复合时不锈钢、铝的延伸系数相差较小;四层对称轧制复合制备的复合板的结合强度比二层非对称轧制复合的略大。     

铝-金属玻璃-铝复合板的抗破甲性能研究

利用爆炸焊接技术成功制备出铝-金属玻璃-铝三层复合板, 并对其抗破甲性能进行了试验及数值分析。针对复合板的尺寸较小的特点, 建立了适用于小试件( 特征尺寸小于 50 mm) 的破甲实验方案;基于动力学软件ANSYS/ LS-DYNA 提出了一套对破甲过程进行数值模拟的计算方案。研究结果表明, 破甲试验装置产生的聚能射流直径较小、稳定性良好, 铝-金属玻璃-铝三层复合板在聚能射流作用下其上表面呈大范围的花瓣形破坏, 中间层的金属玻璃材料呈粉末状破碎, 对后续的射流过程起到了干扰的作用; 计算方案可有效地模拟聚能射流的形成及其对铝-金属玻璃-铝三层复合板的侵彻; 数值模拟得到的破甲深度、稳定阶段侵彻通道的直径、材料的破坏模式与实验结果相符。     

铝与奥氏体不锈钢的火焰钎焊

为改善铝和不锈钢的焊接接头性能,在奥氏体不锈铜（1Crl8Ni9Ti）的表层热浸镀一层ZL102铝合金,然后采用搭接的形式,应用火焰钎焊工艺进行纯铝（1060）板与奥氏体不锈钢板的焊接。利用金相显微镜和扫描电镜分析焊接接头的微观组织,并用显微维氏硬度仪和万能实验机床测定其显微硬度和拉伸性能。结果表明,通过不锈钢表面热浸镀铝,可实现铝与奥氏体不锈钢的火焰钎焊。在不锈钢／纯铝钎焊焊缝中存在不锈钢／热浸镀铝层、热浸镀铝层／钎缝、钎缝／纯铝三个界面。钎焊接头强度取决于各界面的连接质量。热浸镀铝层／钎缝界面是整个接头中最薄弱的界面,剪切断裂均发生在该区域。钎焊接头各区域中,热浸镀铝区硬度最高,达到99．4MPa。     

宽幅、高成型性铝—钢复合板轧制技术

铝-钢复合板是以耐腐蚀、抗高温氧化、导热、导电性好及美观轻便的铝,与强度高、价格便宜的低碳钢为原料,采用轧制方法制成的两层或三层铝-钢复合板带.这种复合材兼备了铝和钢的双重优点,是综合性能完美、成本价格经济、应用前景广泛的一种高效钢材.铝-钢复合薄板是制作家用电器的理想材料。用它制作热风机、燃气热反射灶、电烤箱、洗衣干燥机、空调以及高级厨房用具等、具有美观、轻便、耐用的特点。汽车工业是铝-钢复合板的最大需求者和潜力市场.铝-钢复合板质量轻,比钢度大,作汽车用板,可使轿车达到３０％轻化效果,由此可降低油耗…     

复合板的厚向异性问题

通过拉伸实验测试了不锈钢/铝合金/不锈钢三层复合板的厚向异性系数r,并分析了扩散退火对r值的影响及r值对板材成形性能的影响.分析表明①扩散退火会降低r值和提高n值.②用平均r值和rmin来判断拉延危险断面的抗拉强度其误差在6%左右.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the