Patterns of Thematic Progression

This paper discusses about how to use the theory of thematic progression in translation. Some linguists have talked about thematic progression in their works, but most of them are related to stylistics. This paper will pay much attention to the relationship between the patterns of thematic progression and the translation between English and Chinese, and how to use thematic progression in understanding and translating between English and Chinese.     

Neolithic rice paddy from the Zhaojiazhuang site, Shandong, China

To identify and study the Neolithic rice paddy in Shandong, eastern China, is not only an important issue in the development of Chinese rice agriculture, but also a key part of the study on rice spread in East Asia. Due to the limitation of archaeological materials and the research methods, there have been no discoveries about the Neolithic rice paddy in Shandong Province for a long time. Based on the identification of possible rice paddy by archaeological excavation, phytolith analysis of soil samples from this "paddy" has been systematically carried out and the results have shown a 4600—4300 years old rice paddy preserved at the Zhaojiazhuang site. This is the first examination and study of the rice paddy in North China by systematic phytolith analysis, which is very important for the Neolithic archaeological research and the study of the eastward spread of rice agricultural techniques in East Asia.     

P15——a new tumor suppressor gene

In addition to the tumor suppressor genes such as Rb and p53, it has been found that some molecules of the same class named CKI (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor) also play an important role in the inhibition of tumorigenesis and the tumor progression. In the KIP and INK4 families of CKIs, p15 shares extensive homology with p16. Findings in many tumors and their cell lines show that the inactivation of p15 (deletion, mutation, rearrangement, etc.) is very frequent, and inactive p15 is involved in the progress of some tumors. These studies provide evidence that the p15 is a new tumor suppressor gene. Furthermore, the research on the molecular mechanism of p15 in regulation of cell proliferation shows that p15 can inhibit the growth of some kinds of tumor cells, and p15 is the mediator of TGF-β-induced cell arrest. Investigations on p15 in cell differentiation suggest that increased p15 is related to the change of malignant phenotype. These results supply clues for further interpretation about the molecular mechnism of cell cycle control and cell tumorigenesis. And they may provide theoretical and experimental basis for application of p15 to clinical therapy of tumors.     

The study of estimation method of broadband emissivity from EOS/MODIS data

The broadband emissivity is an important parameter for estimating the energy balance of the Earth.This study focuses on estimating the window(8-12 |xm) emissivity from the MODIS(moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer) data,and two methods are built.The regression method obtains the broadband emissivity from MOD11B1 5KM product,whose coefficient is developed by using 128 spectra,and the standard deviation of error is about 0.0118 and the mean error is about0.0084.Although the estimation accuracy is very high while the broadband emissivity is estimated from the emissivity of bands 29,31 and 32 obtained from MOD11B1 5KM product,the standard deviations of errors of single emissivity in bands 29,31,32 are about 0.009 for MOD11B1_5KM product,so the total error is about 0.02 and resolution is about 5km×5km.A combined radiative transfer model with dynamic learning neural network method is used to estimate the broadband emissivity from MODIS 1B data.The standard deviation of error is about 0.016,the mean error is about0.01,and the resolution is about 1km ×1km.The validation and application analysis indicates that the regression is simpler and more practical,and estimation accuracy of the dynamic learning neural network method is higher.Considering the needs for accuracy and practicalities in application,one of them can be chosen to estimate the broadband emissivity from MODIS data.     

A genome scan for quantitative trait loci affecting grain yield and its components of maize both in single-and two-locus levels

Maize is one of the most important cereal crops in the world. The hybrid yield advantage is responsible for about 10 percent of the total global maize production of 550 Mt[1]. It is exigent to study the yield traits so as to improve the hybrids per se in …     

Chinese Population and Environment Pressure

China is typical country for the change of environment,which is the center area and pressure about population.It has 12 billion in 2000,which is the one fifth of the total world population.And humanists think the population will increase to     

Landscape Change and its effect on the environment of Daqing City

In this paper, we will study the temporal-spatial landscape change from 1978 to 2001 in Daqing City, based on the multi spectral scanner (MSS) and thematic mapper (TM) images of remote sensing (RS) of 1978, 1988, 1992, 1996 and 2001. In order to explain the effects of the component change on the whole landscape, we make a statistic analysis about the transfer probability matrix of the component types of the landscape by using the ARCGIS platform through the overlay analysis of different landscape components. Based on the transfer probability matrix, we calculate the in-transfer ratio, the out-transfer ratio and the contributor ratio of the special transfer process of the main landscape components. The results illustrate that the cultivated-land, grassland, swamp, and alkaline land are the main contributors resulting in the landscape change: the out-transfer ratios of grassland and swamp are much higher than the in-transfer ones; the in-transfer ratio of alkaline land is much higher than the out-transfer one; the in-transfer ratio of the land-lot is always higher than its out-transfer with the highest rate per year, although there is a small difference among the in-transfers and the out-transfers per year. The main landscape changing processes are the salination of cultivated-land, salination or desertification of grassland, salination and degeneration of swamp. Results in this paper can provide scientific basis for investigating the landscape change mechanism of resources-based city.     

Case study of longwave contribution to dust radiative effects over East Asia

In order to evaluate the impacts of LW contribution to aerosol radiative effects over East Asia,a dust longwave radiative parameterization scheme is integrated into the online mesoscale dust forecasting model GRAPES_CUACE/dust.A case modeling study shows that about half at surface and one third at TOA of the dust negative shortwave radiative forcing are cancelled by its positive longwave forcing over the dust affected area.In the dust layer,longwave radiation emitting by dust cools the atmosphere,which counteracts about 17%of shortwave heating of atmosphere during daytime and results in cooling of atmosphere simply during nighttime.At the same time,the atmosphere beyond the dust layer is warmed because of absorbing the LW radiation emitted by dust layer.Dust longwave contribution exerts more evident impact on the air temperature in lower atmosphere and surface.The surface air temperature cooling rate resulting from the dust solar radiation is cancelled about 40%by dust longwave warming at daytime.At nighttime,dust longwave contribution warms land and sea surface.The online calculation of dust LW radiation reduces about 15%relative errors of predicted AOD based on the dust model with only SW radiative feedback.This case study result suggests that dust longwave contribution has important impacts on the earth-atmosphere energy process,especially on the surface and in the lower atmosphere and should not be neglected in the study of dust radiation effects.     

Rifting process and formation mechanisms of syn-rift stage prolongation in the deepwater basin,northern South China Sea

Based on the latest seismic and geological data, tectonic subsidence of three seismic lines in the deepwater area of Pearl River Mouth Basin （PRMB）, the northern South China Sea （SCS）, is calculated. The result shows that the rifting process of study area is different from the typical passive continental margin basin. Although the seafloor spreading of SCS initiated at 32 Ma, the tectonic subsidence rate does not decrease but increases instead, and then decreases at about 23 Ma, which indicates that the rifting continued after the onset of seafloor spreading until about 23 Ma. The formation thickness ex- hibits the same phenomenon, that is the syn-rift stage prolonged and the post-rift thermal subsidence delayed. The formation mechanisms are supposed to be three： （1） the lithospheric rigidity of the northern SCS is weak and its ductility is relatively strong, which delayed the strain relaxation resulting from the seafloor spreading; （2） the differential layered independent extension of the lithosphere may be one reason for the delay of post-rift stage; and （3） the southward transition of SCS spreading ridge during 24 to 21 Ma and the corresponding acceleration of seafloor spreading rate then triggered the initiation of large-scale thermal subsidence in the study area at about 23 Ma.     

Knowledge Automatic Indexing Based on Concept Lexicon and Segmentation Algorithm

This paper is based on two existing theories about automatic indexing of thematic knowledge concept. The prohibit-word table with position information has been designed. The improved Maximum Matching-Minimum Backtracking method has been researched. Moreover it has been studied on improved indexing algorithm and application technology based on rules and thematic concept word table.     

How to Foster Students＇ Ability of Studying Independently——English Study for Example

Among students＇ abilities,the important one is the ability of studying independently.It is the teachers＇ indispensable task to foster students＇ ability of studying independently.This essay deals with the problem that how a teacher can foster the ability of student self-study,especially English study,from these perspectives：the nature,the characteristics,the conditions and the structure of the ability of independent study.The appropriate methods that the teacher should take in the process of fostering the ability are discussed in the last part of this essay.     

提高英语阅读能力的策略

Reading is a necessity for people＇s daily life and future development in modern society. It is not only one of the important language skills which learners needed,but also the main method learners use to get information. The purpose of this study is to research the good skills in the English reading. the information about reading and then many strategies which influence reading abilities are presented. it summarizes the significant effects of using these strategies in class teaching and improving students＇ reading ability.     

Experimental earth tidal models in considering nearly diurnal free wobble of the Earth＇s liquid core

Based on the 28 series of the high precision and high minute sampling tidal gravity observations at 20 stations in Global Geodynamics Project (GGP) network, the resonant parameters of the Earth‘s nearly diurnal free wobble (including the eigenperiods, resonant strengths and quality factots) are precisely determined. The discrepancy of the eigenperiod between observed and theoretical values is studied, the important conclusion that the real dynamic ellipticity of the liquid core is about 5% larger than the one under the static equilibrium assumption is approved by using our gravity technique. The experimental Earth‘s tidal gravity models with considering the nearly diurnal free wobble of the Earth‘s liquid core are constructed in this study. The numerical results show that the difference among three experimental models is less than 0.1%, and the largest discrepancy compared to those widely used nowdays given by Dehant (1999) and Mathews (2001) is only about 0.4%. It can provide with the most recent real experimental tidal gravity models for the global study of the Earth‘s tides, geodesy and space techniques and so on.     

The Understanding of Abraham in Genesis

An understanding of the book of Genesis and its message is essential to the study of the Bible from which we know how the world and human beings come into existence in the ancient Hebrews'eyes.The greater part of the book Genesis is about four men's stories─ Abraham,Issac,Jacob,and Joseph.In this paper,Abraham's remarkable personalities will be examined thoroughly through taking some stories which are mainly included in Genesis12-25.     

Maximum likelihood estimator for the proportional hazards model with incomplete information

Right randomly censored data with incomplete infor-mation are frequently met in practice.Although much study about right randomly censored data has been seen in the proportional hazards model,relatively little is known about the inference of regression parameters for right randomly censored data with in-complete information in such model.In particular,theoretical properties of the maximum likelihood estimator of the regression parameters have not been proven yet in that model.In this paper,we show the consistency and asymptotic normality of the maxi-mum likelihood estimator of unknown regression parameters.     

An Extended Analysis of Requirements Traceability Model

A new extended meta model of traceability is presented. Then, a formalized fine-grained model of traceability is described. Some major issues about this model, including trace units, requirements and relations within the model, are further analyzed. Finally, a case study that comes from a key project of 863 Program is given.     

THE STUDY OF THE“TASTE ORGANS”OF THE TAILLESS AMPHIBIAN TADPOLES

This paper deals with the study of the so-called "taste organs" of 35 spe ies of tadpoles of different kinds of frogs and toads. They represent 7 families and 13 go.ieva and are mostly from West China. Kaloula borealis is utilized for more detailed study as it is a common species of Peking and its environs, consequently we are in possession of sufficient material both for the study of the morphology and the development of these organs.     

Constraint on the late Mesozoic regional angular unconformity in West Liaoning--North Hebei by LA-ICP-MS dating

The angular unconformity between the Tuchengzi Formation and the Zhangjiakou Formation in the Chengde area is commonly regarded as the direct evidence of boundary between Jurassic and Cretaceous systems, and as the evidence of tectonic transformation interfaces in Mesozoic Era in the West Liaoning-North Hebei. Moreover, the lower boundary age of the Zhangjiakou Formation in the Chengde was to be thought about 135 Myr in the past. Based on the detailed study and systematic sampling in Yixian-Beipiao, Lingy- uan, Chengde and Luanping areas in the field, the authors obtained the following isotopic ages by means of LA-ICP-MS dating： In the Lingyuan area, the Zhangjiakou Formation and the Yixian Formation are in angular unconformable contact; the age range of the Zhangjiakou Formation volcanic rock is from 133 to 130 Myr （seven samples）, and that of the Yixian Formation volcanic rock is from 126 to 121 Myr （eleven samples）. In the Luotuoshan of Chengde, the Tuchengzi Formation and the Zhangjiakou Formation are in angu- lar unconformable contact; the age at the lower Zhangjiakou Formation is about 124 Myr （one sample）, which reflects that the age range of the lower Zhangjiakou Formation is from 129 to 124 Myr combined with the previous study. In the Luanping basin, there is the larg- est sediment gap in upper Mesozoic, whose lower boundary age is confined in 131 to 130 Myr. In the Yixian-Beipiao area, the second Member of the Yixian Formation, making up more than 3/4 thickness of the Yixian Formation, was formed in 126 to 119 Myr, and the age of the Yixian Formation at the bottom is about 132 Myr. Moreover, the upper boundary age of the Tuchengzi Formation is about 136 Myr in the West Liaoning-North Hebei region. Based on the above isotopic data combined with the geological characteristics in the field in the West Liaoning-North Hebei region, it reflects that there was a widespread tectonic event in the period of 136 to 126 Myr （mainly in 130-126 Myr） in the West Liaoning-North Hebei, and it formed th     

Things behind A War——An analysis of Two Soldiers

Different people will react to war differently.In this essay,we will see three kinds of feelings to the WWII,or to any war.Some people are very active and volunteer to fight for something they love.Some people are in fear of losing their loved ones but they also can understand the importance of some wars.Some people are very passive to any war,finding no meaning.The discussion is about these attitudes.There is more behind the war for people to think about,too.     

A Critique of Irony Study

Irony is very complex linguistic phenomenon and reveals an incongruity between reality and expectation of speakers.Scholars began to study it from different perspectives,such as psychological perspective and pragmatic perspective and the perspective of cognitive approach.This paper will explore some advantages and problems about irony study from these perspectives.