Fabrication technology of integrated fiber microfluidic electrophoresis chip

The technology of PCB was used to fabricate the chip mould, and the microfluidic electrophoresis chip was fabricated with PDMS material. The fiber integrated on the chip was used as the transmission medium, so the light spot size was near the depth of microchannel. The detection sensitivity was improved, and the optical focusing system was spared. The fabrication process, sealing methods and structure characteristic of PDMS microfluidic electrophoresis chips were discussed. The experiment was achieved by using the fabricated chip to separate FITC fluorescein and FITC-labeled amino acid mixture reagent, and the feasibility of the chip was validated.     

微流控芯片光固化模塑成型的快捷加工技术

采用光固化模塑法代替传统的芯片加工方法,用液体光固化材料代替传统的热塑性高分子材料以及玻璃和硅等无机材料,研究了一种微流控芯片的快捷、低成本制作方法;同时研制出了适用于光固化材料芯片的键合方法。对键合后的芯片进行检验,实验结果表明,光固化模塑成型的微流控芯片流道精度高、完整性好、通畅度佳;芯片透光性良好,红外光及紫外光透过率分别达94%和24%;在芯片的混合流道内能形成水包油的液滴。整个制造过程能够满足微流控芯片批量化生产的要求,且相应的生产设备造价不高,降低了微流控芯片的制作成本。     

危险化学物质的微流控合成与制备技术

 含能化合物属于一类易燃易爆的危险化学物质，极易受到机械、热和静电等刺激而发生爆炸。传统的含能化合物合成、分离、提纯、细化和包覆等工艺采用本质安全性低的间断式反应釜工艺，缺点是安全性低和线上爆炸物留存量大。微流控反应器具有大面积/体积比和小尺寸微通道，能够在爆轰临界直径下合成，而且线上留存爆炸物很少，为本质安全型。本文对比了连续相微流控、嵌段流微流控技术在化学合成上的技术优势，得出嵌段流微流控解决了晶体产物堵塞微反应通道的难题，提高了反应物的混合效率，是高敏感性含能化合物合成和制备最有前景的创新技术。     

基于ITO玻璃-PDMS复合式低电压电泳芯片的快速制备

提出了一种基于ITO玻璃-PDMS复合式低电压电泳芯片的快速制备新方法.该方法采用Protel软件绘制低电压电泳芯片沟道的形状,利用电路板加工技术加工沟道模具,并采用PDMS整体浇注方法制备芯片微沟道;采用光刻、湿法刻蚀等微加工技术方法对ITO导电玻璃进行加工,并制备出ITO阵列电极.最后经修饰、封装等工序得到基于ITO玻璃-PDMS复合式低电压电泳芯片.实验表明:采用该方法制备的ITO阵列电极线条清晰,沟道侧壁陡直、表面光滑.同时,采用该方法制备芯片周期短,不需要昂贵的制作设备.     

表面活性剂效用在微流系统中的变化

采用聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)制作的微流芯片,研究了微流沟道中表面活性剂的效用与常规条件下的差异.结果表明,表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度(CMC)在较大的液体比表面积(表面积与体积)下,会有更大的值,说明表面活性剂的效用在不同的比表面积液体中会有不同的表现.分析其原因是表面活性剂主要作用于液体表面,在相同体积下,液体表面积增大会使得单位表面积上的活性剂减少,从而有较弱的降低界面张力的作用.     

A novel method to mass-produce PDMS stamps based on nanoimprint

Soft lithography is a low-cost and convenient method for the forming and manufacturing of micro/ nanostructures compared to the traditional optical lithography. In soft lithography, poly（dimethylsiloxane） （PDMS） stamps with relief structures have been widely used to transfer patterns. The traditional fabrication approach of PDMS stamps is time-consuming since the master has been occupied during the curing process. By adding and repeating fast nanoimprint step, many intermediate polymeric molds can be produced from the master and these molds can then be employed to replicate more PDMS stamps while the time used is close to that of the common way. We demonstrated this idea by three masters which were made by the DEM （Deepetching, Electroforming and Microreplicating） and FIB （Focused Ion Beam） techniques. The photos show that the patterns on the PMDS stamps successfully duplicated patterns on the origin masters.     

Silica-Based Solid Phase Extraction of DNA on a Microchip

Micro total analysis systems for chemical and biological analysis have attracted much attention. However, microchips for sample preparation and especially DNA purification are still underdeveloped. This work describes a solid phase extraction chip for purifying DNA from biological samples based on the adsorption of DNA on bare silica beads prepacked in a microchannel. The chip was fabricated with polydimethylsiloxane. The silica beads were packed in the channel on the chip with a tapered microchannel to form the packed bed. Fluorescence detection was used to evaluate the DNA adsorbing efficiency of the solid phase. The polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the quality of the purified DNA for further use. The extraction efficiency for the DNA extraction chip is approximately 50% with a 150-nL extraction volume, Successful amplification of DNA extracted from human whole blood indicates that this method is compatible with the polymerase chain reaction.     

聚二甲基硅氧烷中真空氧等离子体表面改性与键合

键合是微流控芯片制作的关键技术之一．目前广泛应用的PDMS微流控芯片一般通过高真空（压力低于10Pa）氧等离子体活化及键合进行制备．需要昂贵的分子泵等设备．通过工艺改进，使用装配普通油泵的等离子体去胶机，在中真空（27Pa）成功进行聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）表面改性及键合．处理后的PDMS表面亲水性得到极大改善．贴合后可永久性密封．制作微流控芯片．使用扫描电镜．红外光谱及接触角测量仪进行了表征．与献报道的高真空氧等离子体处理方法相比．效果基本一致．却大幅度降低了对设备系统的要求．并缩短了操作时间．     

自主虚拟人真实感行为与运动建模的研究

提出一种采用微流控芯片进行微量液体表面张力系数测量的新方法,并对其制作工艺流程进行研究.以聚碳酸酯核孔膜为模,利用毛细作用力使聚二甲基硅氧烷预聚物充满膜孔.固化后与微腔室键合,注入有机溶剂溶模释放出微柱阵列.位于液气分界面处的微柱顶端由于蒸发作用打破表面张力平衡引起微柱发生弯曲形变,通过对微柱形变图像处理,计算得出表面张力系数.实验结果表明该测量方法有效,测量精度达到nN/μm.     

Metal-insulator-semiconductor optoelectronic fibres

The combination of conductors, semiconductors and insulators with well-defined geometries and at prescribed length scales, while forming intimate interfaces, is essential in most functional electronic and optoelectronic devices. These are typically produced using a variety of elaborate wafer-based processes, which allow for small features, but are restricted to planar geometries and limited coverage area. In contrast, the technique of fibre drawing from a preformed reel or tube is simpler and yields extended lengths of highly uniform fibres with well-controlled geometries and good optical transport characteristics. So far, this technique has been restricted to particular materials and larger features. Here we report on the design, fabrication and characterization of fibres made of conducting, semiconducting and insulating materials in intimate contact and in a variety of geometries. We demonstrate that this approach can be used to construct a tunable fibre photodetector comprising an amorphous semiconductor core contacted by metallic microwires, and surrounded by a cylindrical-shell resonant optical cavity. Such a fibre is sensitive to illumination along its entire length (tens of meters), thus forming a photodetecting element of dimensionality one. We also construct a grid of such fibres that can identify the location of an illumination point. The advantage of this type of photodetector array is that it needs a number of elements of only order N, in contrast to the conventional order N2 for detector arrays made of photodetecting elements of dimensionality zero.     

确定锥形管无模拉伸速度制度的数学模型

无模拉伸是一种金属柔性塑性加工方法,它的应用消除了常规拉拔过程存在的缺陷,使轴向变断面制品的拉伸成形以及难变形材料的成形加工问题得到很好解决.在分析锥形管无模拉伸的变形机制及可行性的基础上,提出了锥形管无模拉伸速度或冷热源移动速度的理论计算方法,并给出了相应的数学模型.实验研究证明,提出的速度模型较好地表达了无模拉伸速度变化规律,可用于确定有关的速度制度.     

工艺参数对铝合金微槽道挤压成形的影响

将热处理后的1050铝合金拉伸试样进行等温拉伸试验,获得真实应力-应变曲线,使用Deform-3D软件模拟1050铝合金微槽道的挤压成形过程。分析挤压速度、摩擦因数以及槽道宽高比这些关键工艺参数对材料等效应力-应变曲线分布的影响。结果表明,随着挤压速度和摩擦因数的增大,材料等效应力和应变均变大,变形不均匀性增大;随着槽道宽高比的变大,材料的等效应力和应变整体呈现上升趋势,微槽道板筋处出现了明显的应力集中现象,变形不均匀。根据模拟结果,选取最优参数进行1050铝合金微槽道挤压成形模拟试验,结果显示材料的流动均匀性更好,成形过程更加稳定,所得零件表面精度显著提高。     

等离子体改性PDMS表面的电源工况分析

配电网线路因低温恶劣环境存在覆冰问题,对供电系统可靠性产生重大危害,使用疏水薄膜或涂层能有效预防覆冰。高效低成本制备适配线路的疏水涂层是一个实用课题。利用He(Ar)/CH4/C4F8混合气体,等离子体改性聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)制备疏水表面,该表面可包裹线路外层提供疏水性能。研究放电电压等级、放电极间距、放电时间和放电频率对等离子体改性制备疏水表面的影响。利用COMSOL软件分析PDMS微通道电场强度分布,探究等离子体分布情况。基于仿真结果,设计实物实验,通过测量PDMS改性表面接触角、粗糙度和表面形貌成分,以及拍摄气体放电图像,验证与分析了各因素作用机理。最后,选择合适工况成功制备符合预期的PDMS疏水表面,并测试其具有良好稳定性。     

模拟孔喉构型变径通道中微气泡流动特性研究

为了了解微泡沫驱中微气泡在多孔介质中的渗流特性,设计制作了一种集成T型通道和变径通道的微流控芯片,采用基于显微成像的微流控系统观察了液相分别为去离子水和0.02%吐温20水溶液时,微气泡在变径通道内的流动特性,并采用CFD方法分析了微气泡融合、变形过程中速度和压力变化情况。研究结果表明,以去离子水为液相时,随着气体压力和液相流速的变化,微气泡在流经变径通道时出现融合和不融合两种行为;以0.02%吐温20水溶液为液相时,微气泡在流经变径通道时会依次通过;微气泡在“喉—孔”处融合时,表面张力促使微气泡变形导致周围流体速度波动较大,形成“涡流”;融合后的气泡再次进入“喉道”时,“孔道”内压力增大。本研究有助于进一步认识微泡沫驱的渗流特性及驱油机理。     

飞机燃油导管柔性接头泄漏量计算分析

为了研究密封圈缺损导致的飞机燃油导管柔性接头泄漏情况,建立工程设计可用的泄漏量计算方法,通过分析和推导的方法发展了飞机燃油导管柔性接头泄漏量计算模型,并在此基础上进行了计算分析。结果表明:所发展的柔性接头泄漏量计算方法适用于工程设计;在柔性接头缺失一个密封圈或密封圈均匀磨损的情况下,只有当缝隙段的间隙极小或密封圈磨损程度较小时,泄漏量才会随缝隙段间隙的增大有较大变化,当间隙大于一定值或密封圈磨损超过一定程度后,泄漏量几乎不再变化;柔性接头内外压差越大时,泄漏量越大;柔性接头缝隙泄漏量是各缝隙段流阻共同作用的结果,间隙值最小的缝隙段对泄漏量的影响能力最强。     

Escherichia coli swim on the right-hand side

The motion of peritrichously flagellated bacteria close to surfaces is relevant to understanding the early stages of biofilm formation and of pathogenic infection. This motion differs from the random-walk trajectories of cells in free solution. Individual Escherichia coli cells swim in clockwise, circular trajectories near planar glass surfaces. On a semi-solid agar substrate, cells differentiate into an elongated, hyperflagellated phenotype and migrate cooperatively over the surface, a phenomenon called swarming. We have developed a technique for observing isolated E. coli swarmer cells moving on an agar substrate and confined in shallow, oxidized poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microchannels. Here we show that cells in these microchannels preferentially 'drive on the right', swimming preferentially along the right wall of the microchannel (viewed from behind the moving cell, with the agar on the bottom). We propose that when cells are confined between two interfaces--one an agar gel and the second PDMS--they swim closer to the agar surface than to the PDMS surface (and for much longer periods of time), leading to the preferential movement on the right of the microchannel. Thus, the choice of materials guides the motion of cells in microchannels.     

啁啾和变迹光纤光栅制作技术

研究了各种啁啾和变迹的光纤光栅的制作技术,并分析了各种制作方法的优点和缺点,在此基础上提出用于高速光纤通信系统色散补偿的变迹啁啾光纤光栅的3种制作方法。其中前两种方法灵活多变但精度稍差;后者精度较高但价格较贵。可根据实际情况选择合适的方法制作光纤。     

宗地时空拓扑关系表达与判别

时空拓扑关系对时空变化语义分析和时空推理具有重要意义。根据地理信息特征,定义了三维欧氏空间里时空体和时空对象,阐述了时空拓扑关系的涵义,包含时间、位置、状态、事件等之间的拓扑关系。利用4I模型描述时空拓扑关系。以宗地缩小、扩充、分割、合并、部分占用、边界调整等几种不同变更类型为例,分析了宗地变更前后可能的时空拓扑关系,归纳出其必须满足的6个一般性推论,给出应用的具体实例。结果表明,基于时空拓扑关系可隐式地判别出2个宗地时空对象之间是否存在父子关系,及可能的变更操作语义类型。     

Fabrication of photonic crystals for the visible spectrum by holographic lithography

The term 'photonics' describes a technology whereby data transmission and processing occurs largely or entirely by means of photons. Photonic crystals are microstructured materials in which the dielectric constant is periodically modulated on a length scale comparable to the desired wavelength of operation. Multiple interference between waves scattered from each unit cell of the structure may open a 'photonic bandgap'--a range of frequencies, analogous to the electronic bandgap of a semiconductor, within which no propagating electromagnetic modes exist. Numerous device principles that exploit this property have been identified. Considerable progress has now been made in constructing two-dimensional structures using conventional lithography, but the fabrication of three-dimensional photonic crystal structures for the visible spectrum remains a considerable challenge. Here we describe a technique--three-dimensional holographic lithography--that is well suited to the production of three-dimensional structures with sub-micrometre periodicity. With this technique we have made microperiodic polymeric structures, and we have used these as templates to create complementary structures with higher refractive-index contrast.     

毛细管电泳芯片制备工艺研究

叙述了采用SU-8和PDMS制作毛细管电泳芯片的一种新工艺、新方法,对SU-8的四个工艺参数：前烘温度与时间、后烘温度与时间、曝光时间以及显影时间进行了工艺优化,结果表明使用该方法加工工艺简单,芯片重复性好,成本低,适用于采用激光诱导荧光检测法进行检测,并在制备的毛细管电泳芯片上实现了不同长度DNA片段的快速有效分离．