具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

欲望、死亡和疯癫--试论《欲望号街车》女主角布兰奇·杜波依斯的象征之旅

<欲望号街车>善用象征手法,勾勒女主角布兰奇的悲剧一生.欲望、死亡、疯癫则是建构其悲剧三个主要象征物,它们的交互作用赋予了此剧一种奇妙的张力,而布兰奇的悲剧性则在这种张力中得到了彰显.本文试对布兰奇的象征之旅作一阐析,解构她个人同时也是她代表的没落的美国旧南方贵族的悲剧.     

磷灰石、磷块岩、生物磷酸盐、细菌与稀土的关系及应用

目前的稀土矿床主要与岩浆岩有关,对其研究较多,但对沉积岩中稀土研究较少。稀土作为战略性的矿产,搞清楚稀土在分布广泛的沉积岩中的富集机理有重要意义。自然界的磷主要以磷灰石的形式存在,而磷灰石又在沉积岩中以磷块岩形成存在。对已知的磷块岩和生物磷酸盐中的稀土数据,磷块岩的电子显微镜下特征等进行研究,发现磷块岩和生物磷酸盐有一致的稀土分布特征,推测磷块岩是古老细菌的细胞壁的堆积,细胞壁实际是细小的磷灰石。沉积岩中存在磷灰石的情况下,磷灰石对周围环境的稀土能无差别吸收,且随着时间的增加,不断吸收周围稀土,因此年代久远的化石的稀土含量高于现在生物骨骼稀土含量,其他矿物则很少吸收稀土,由此可以利用活着的聚磷菌对周围稀土进行吸收,从而达到收集聚磷菌就能富集稀土,利用这一特征可使用细菌提纯稀土,减少使用化学物质来提纯稀土,从而减少对环境的污染。     

民俗与中国人的衣食住行

作为文化民族基础的民俗,在各个历史阶段中都起到维系文化系统的作用,发挥着它的文化功能。历史的进展表明,民俗在影响文化人格、规范文化行为的同时,也在创造物质文化财富中产生了带有类型性的文化成果——习俗。习俗直接影响着人们的衣、食、住、行,调节着人们的生活。今天,我们对传统习俗已经作了一定的扬弃,但它作为中华民族的传统文化,批判地加以继承,仍然有其深远的历史意义和迫切的现实意义。     

回顾、反思、求索、徘徊、出游——《离骚》的分段及其叙事与幻想

关于《离骚》的分段，自古以来众说纷纭，莫衷一是。迄今流传最广、影响最大的三大段、两部分的分法，仍然留下未辨过脉之失和割裂全诗之憾。根据《离骚》诗中叙述的情节，笔者认为将全诗分为五大段才为合理，即依次为回顾、反思、求索、徘徊、出游。也可以分为两部分，即第一、二大段为前半部分，写诗人有生以来的不懈追求与奋斗，以及遭致失败之后所引发的检视与思考，第三、四、五大段为后半部分，写诗人矢志不渝地继续努力，以及努力无果之后所产生的矛盾与苦闷。全诗在体裁形式和表现方式方面表现出两大基本特色，其一是结合叙事以抒情，在体裁形式上通篇都是叙事的结构，其二是借助“虚写”以“写实”，在表现方式上通篇都是浪漫的幻想。     

传统&#183;现代性&#183;后现代

现代性是多元、多样的,因而传统和现代性可以会通,中国的现代性也自有特色;当代西方哲学对西方现代性的批判,围绕现代性与后现代的论争,对研究与实现中国的现代性有参考价值;要加强中国现代性的哲学研究。     

时间的过去、现在和未来

本文通过对时间的过去、现在和未来的考证、论述和展望,揭示了先有物质运动滞后才有时间过程,没有物质运动就没有时间过程,时间过程是从表述物质运动过程中产生出来的这一"物质.时间"原理。并且根据这一原理把时间概念定义为:时间是表述物质运动过程的始终和持续性质的物理量。然后,按照这个定义解析了"时空转化"和"时间机器"以及"奇点定理"。认为:既然不存在脱离物质的时间和时间过程,当然也就转化不出或制造不出或证明不了脱离物质的时间和时间过程。因此,这些时间观点都是不能成立的。     

指导·生活·实践·创新--研究性学习的一种好形式

一　　关于研究性学习问题 ,全国有关报刊都发表了许多很好的文章 ,读后给我很多的教益。我自己以为 ,关于这个问题的理论探讨 ,固然很重要 ,但是关于这个问题的实践的总结 ,比起理论探讨更为重要。据我粗浅的理解 ,研究性学习虽为学法问题 ,但对于教学这一双边互动活动的特定形式而言 ,对于教师这一不可替代的教学双边互动活动的管理角色来说 ,实质上 ,或根本上 ,是教法问题。研究性学习提出的针对性 ,显然是传统的“师者 ,传道授业解惑也”的结论。它实质上的意义有三 :一、学习的主动性 ,不是完全被动的受制于师 ;二、学习的积极性 ,不是…     

文化·理念·特色·品牌

学校文化是学校发展的核心潜能;办学理念是学校文化的最高层面,是学校一切工作的灵魂和统帅;办学特色必须彰显学校的整体水平和综合实力;学校品牌则是社会群体对学校的整体性情感和物质的价值认同。     

儒道释与人生

"天人合一"是中国传统哲学追求的一种天地境界,儒道释各以不同的方式探索了理想的人生模式,努力超拔世俗的生活,以达到"仁之境"或"禅之境"。沿着中国古典哲学对宇宙本体与生命本体的认识途径,梳理其中对于人类终极价值的追问与求索,有望找寻出医治当代人精神痼疾的良药。