高压大容量变频调速系统关键技术分析与研究

高压大容量变频调速系统是电力电子技术领域的重要研究方向之一,也是当前我国节能减排的一项重要技术措施.本文针对高压大容量变频调速系统研发中的一些关键科学技术问题进行分析和讨论,如大容量开关器件应用特性、高压大功率变换器拓扑结构、变换器瞬时过程认识以及用于大容量变换器分析的基础理论方法等.结合实际的高压大容量变频调速系统,在系统安全工作区、脉冲优化管理、杂散参数的量化分析及其结构优化设计、系统主电路整体优化设计和多CPU协调控制等方面进行了详细分析,给出相应的实验结果.     

考虑寄生参数的PWM变换器传导干扰预测

通过对三相变换器主电路各部分高频寄生参数的研究,对变换器传导电磁干扰的产生机理及共模、差模干扰耦合路径进行了分析,给出了确立寄生参数及其拓扑结构的一种方法,提出了三相变换器系统的高频干扰预测模型并使用频域计算的方法得到了相应的频谱.设计实验,并以一台大功率整流器为对象进行了实验测试.实验结果与计算结果的对比验证了理论分析的正确性.     

一种新型的模块化多电平型固态变压器及其内模控制策略

针对现有固态变压器拓扑结构存在的局限性及控制方法的不足,本文提出了一种模块化多电平型固态变压器(MMC solid state transformer,MMC-SST),并相应介绍了一种内模控制(internal model control,IMC)实现方法.首先分析了MMC-SST系统拓扑与运行特性,建立了同步旋转坐标系下MMC-SST输入级和输出级的数学模型;然后根据内模控制的特性,将内模电流内环与PI电压外环相结合,构造出新的双闭环控制结构,实现对MMC-SST输入级和输出级的控制;最后,基于Matlab/Simulink建立了MMC-SST系统仿真模型,在网侧电压波动、负荷突变和网侧功率因数变化多种工况进行了性能测试,结果表明,本文提出的基于内模控制的MMC-SST能够按照给定的功率因数运行,并且具有电压、电流动态响应快、抗负载扰动能力强等特点.     

全桥型MMC-MTDC直流故障穿越能力分析

全桥模块化多电平换流器FBMMC具有穿越严重直流故障的能力,非常适用于多端柔性直流输电场合,然而尚未见文献报道其直流故障定位和隔离方法以及相应的直流故障穿越能力指标.介绍了FBMMC的拓扑机制,给出了其降损运行措施,并理论上证明了其可以采用电压源换流器的通用解耦控制策略及半桥MMC相似的调制策略以构成完整的闭环系统.结合两电平电压源换流器多端柔性直流输电VSC-MTDC系统的直流故障线路定位和隔离方法以及FBMMC拓扑的特殊性,提出了适用于FBMMC-MTDC的直流故障选线"握手原则",并提出了可以衡量包括FBMMC-MTDC在内的VSC-MTDC系统直流故障穿越能力指标DFRTI.PSCAD/EMTDC下FBMMC-MTDC系统仿真结果验证了所提出控制策略及相应评价指标的正确性和有效性.     

多工况拓扑优化问题的一种新解法——导重法

将导重法引入两类多工况拓扑优化问题的求解.首先介绍了导重法及其拉格朗日乘子的求法,并用对偶方法对多约束优化问题的拉格朗日乘子求法进行了改进;然后推导了用导重法求解最小柔度拓扑问题和最小质量拓扑优化问题的迭代公式并计算了相应的算例.算例计算结果表明,采用导重法求解多工况拓扑优化问题具有迭代公式简单、收敛速度快、求解效果好的优点.通过与Ansys中采用的SCP方法的计算结果进行比较可以看出,导重法是求解拓扑优化问题的一个行之有效的方法,它为拓扑优化问题的求解提供了一条新的途径.     

基于Lingo的离散型桁架结构全局拓扑优化设计

利用Lingo对离散型桁架结构进行拓扑优化设计。首先,对Lingo软件包做了简介。然后,在不同的荷载工况下同时考虑应力、稳定与位移等约束条件,建立了优化数学模型。给出了结构内力重分析的方法,运用该重分析技术,使拓扑优化计算工作量减少。最后,为了确保模型和方法的可行性,给出了一个具有应力和位移约束的桁架结构拓扑优化的算例,算倒表明,运用Lingo解决桁架全局拓扑优化问题是一种有效的方法。     

三值光学计算机一种限制输入一步式MSD加法器

在已有三值光学MSD加法器研究工作的基础上,对限制输入符号的一步式MSD加法器进行了进一步研究.本文简要介绍了一般一步式MSD加法器的原理,其核心是"中位变换"、中位变换表和对应的中位变换器等概念.通过限制输入符号,得到了简化的2位中位变换表.通过分析这个2位中位变换表,获得了2位中位变换V子变换、U子变换和中位变换器主变换,设计了相应的变换器光路图.在此基础上,根据限制输入一步式MSD加法器原理设计了它的结构.通过对中位变换器和一步式MSD加法器的软件模拟以及实物实验,证明所设计的一步式MSD加法器有效.该加法器将成为三值光学计算机的基本部件之一.     

声子晶体中多频带谷选择性角态

声学拓扑绝缘体具有拓扑保护、背散射及缺陷免疫的非传统声学边界态,为实现声波按需精细调控提供了一种有效的方法,其中二维高阶拓扑绝缘体中共同存在零维角态和一维边界态,使其拥有在多个维度上操纵波能量的能力,进一步增强了波调控的灵活度,引起广泛关注.本文提出了一种能够在多频带范围实现高阶拓扑态的C₃对称性元胞结构,其通过旋转散射体角度激活不同谷选择性角态.这种具有开关特性的角态可以根据需求进行声波场能量局域化调控,在实际运用中具有重要意义.相对于传统的单频带高阶拓扑绝缘体,本文所设计的元胞结构能够在基频带隙和二阶高频带隙中同时实现边界态的波导调控和角态的选择性激发,并具有优秀的缺陷免疫鲁棒性.该高阶拓扑绝缘体的多频带特性将有利于拓展传统单频带器件的工作频率范围和带宽,同时角态的谷选择性激发特点可推动声学拓扑绝缘体在多波段声波能量捕获、检测和采集声学器件中的应用.     

基于分数阶微积分的电感电流断续模式下Boost变换器的建模与分析

基于实际电容和实际电感在本质上是分数阶的事实,采用分数阶微积分理论建立电感电流断续模式下Boost变换器的分数阶数学模型.依据状态平均建模方法,建立电感电流断续模式下Boost变换器的分数阶状态平均模型,并进行理论分析.然后,比较电感电流断续模式下Boost变换器的分数阶模型与整数阶模型的区别.最后,基于分数阶微积分的改进Oustaloup滤波器算法,建立电感电流断续模式下Boost变换器分数阶模型的Matlab/Simulink仿真模型,并进行数值仿真分析以验证分数阶建模与理论分析的正确性.     

16Mn钢海水腐蚀速率的计算机预测

本文采用人工神经网络技术建立了碳钢、低合金钢在海水飞溅区腐蚀速率的人工神经网络拓扑结构,并预测了16Mn钢在海水飞溅区的腐蚀速率发展趋势,网络模型预测结果和实测数据紧密相符,预测结果比较理想,该方法为腐蚀专业和非腐蚀专业的工程技术人员提供腐蚀分析的依据.     

牵引网宽频域谐波与振荡抑制技术应用研究

针对大功率、高密度、多种类的机车群在小容量牵引供电网中带来的宽频域谐波和谐振问题,从交流机车的拓扑和调制出发对宽频域谐波产生的机理进行了分析,并结合对两种典型车型,对不同类型机车混跑线路的谐波分布多样性进行了分析.为此提出了基于H桥级联的有源电力滤波器（HCAPF）和高通滤波器（HPF）相结合的谐波抑制方案,利用HCAPF对无功功率进行控制并对低次谐波进行抑制,利用高通滤波器对高次进行吸收.结合示范工程,对参数设计、HCAPF性能测试进行了详细介绍,最后对整个补偿系统投入前、后24 h的电压畸变率等参数进行对比测试,结果表明补偿后电压总畸变率平均值从4.324%下降到2.934%,满足国标,其中各次谐波电压都有较大下降.同时电网电压的最大波动率从14.5%下降到10.7%.     

Arresting the mitotic oscillator and the control of cell proliferation: insights from a cascade model for cdc2 kinase activation

We consider a minimal cascade model previously proposed¹¹ for the mitotic oscillator driving the embryonic cell division cycle. The model is based on a bicyclic phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cascade involving cyclin and cdc2 kinase. By constructing stability diagrams showing domains of periodic behavior as a function of the maximum rates of the kinases and phosphatases involved in the two cycles of the cascade, we investigate the role of these converter enzymes in the oscillatory mechanism. Oscillations occur when the balance of kinase and phosphatase rates in each cycle is in a range bounded by two critical values. The results suggest ways to arrest the mitotic oscillator by altering the maximum rates of the converter enzymes. These results bear on the control of cell proliferation.     

基于模糊PID的数字控制在DC／DC变换器中的应用

针对DC／DC变换器这种非线性系统,提出了一种基于模糊PID的数字控制方法。该方法通过对输出电压的偏差及偏差变化率的识别,进行模糊推理,实现对PID控制器参数的在线调节。电流连续模式和断续模式下的Buck变换器仿真结果表明,该方法能有效减小系统的超调量,提高系统的响应速度,缩短系统的调节时间,增强控制系统的动态性能。     

电流连续模式下BUCK开关变换器的频率选取优化

针对BUCK开关变换器工作模态多样,影响效率因素众多等问题,通过对工作于电流连续模式（CCM）下的BUCK电路进行建模,对系统的开关损耗、传导损耗,以及其他杂散损耗进行了全面的分析。分析得出了开关频率、负载电流等因素与系统效率之间的关系。最后,根据分析结果,对开关频率进行优化选取。     

基于多级编码的分布式信源编码

分布式信源编码是无线通信领域研究的新热点,本文阐述了分布式编码的基础理论,介绍了应用于分布式编码的LDPC编码方法和多级编码方案,最后提出一种基于多级编码的分布式编码方案,实验结果表明该方案在一定的信噪比下获得了较高的编码效率,灵活地控制了传输码率。     

A Neuro‐wavelet Model for the Short‐Term Forecasting of High‐Frequency Time Series of Stock Returns

We propose a wavelet neural network (neuro‐wavelet) model for the short‐term forecast of stock returns from high‐frequency financial data. The proposed hybrid model combines the capability of wavelets and neural networks to capture non‐stationary nonlinear attributes embedded in financial time series. A comparison study was performed on the predictive power of two econometric models and four recurrent neural network topologies. Several statistical measures were applied to the predictions and standard errors to evaluate the performance of all models. A Jordan net that used as input the coefficients resulting from a non‐decimated wavelet‐based multi‐resolution decomposition of an exogenous signal showed a consistent superior forecasting performance. Reasonable forecasting accuracy for the one‐, three‐ and five step‐ahead horizons was achieved by the proposed model. The procedure used to build the neuro‐wavelet model is reusable and can be applied to any high‐frequency financial series to specify the model characteristics associated with that particular series. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The sugar industry, political authorities, and scientific institutions in the regulation of saccharin: Valencia (1888-1939)

In the late-nineteenth century food production and trade were greatly transformed. Changes in the food chain gave rise to new problems connected with food safety and food quality, which caused new controls to be introduced throughout Europe. In this paper I will contribute to ongoing debates by focusing on the regulation of saccharin in an agrarian city in the south of Europe, Valencia. The laboratory-made sweetener was introduced into the food market at the turn of the century, becoming highly controversial shortly afterwards. Several local groups of players got involved in this dispute. The sugar industry was not only an important stakeholder in the passing of some specific laws that were to constrain the use of saccharin, but also the main driver of regulation, primarily in periods when saccharin could become a serious competitor and reduce the sector's profit. Furthermore, the combined work of the sugar industry and the municipal laboratories was essential for the implementation of regulations. It was in such municipal laboratories that scientists played a main role in regulation. My paper will address the commercial disputes linked to the use of saccharin and the limited role of science and scientists in its control.     

Effect of lead microparticles introduced into the respiratory system of the sensitivity of mice to Pasteurella multocida infection via aerosol]

Lead microparticles, resulting from the pyrolysis of organic lead used as an anti-knock agent in gasoline, were introduced into the lungs of Mice, during a short single exposure. When 6 microgram of lead were retained in the lungs (mean value per Mouse), the phagocytic ability of the pulmonary alveolar macrophages harvested 6 and 18 hrs. later, was significantly reduced. It was observed, in the same conditions, that the resistance of Mice to experimental infection by aerosolized Pasteurella multocida, was significantly reduced. When 3 microgram of lead were retained in the lungs, there was no significant difference between control and intoxicated Mice.     

基于PLC的隧道窑控制系统设计

针对某企业的一条180米隧道窑控制系统给出了整体设计方案及控制方法。在经过对隧道窑烧成过程以及隧道窑自动控制系统发展状况进行分析以后,设计了一种基于PLC的自动化集成控制系统。设计的系统在实际生产过程中运行良好。该系统不仅降低了工人的工作强度,还提高了产品质量、减少了能源消耗,并且为实现自动控制打下了基础。     

Compensation for time-delayed feedback bang-bang control of quasi-integrable Hamiltonian systems

The stochastic averaging method for quasi-integrable Hamiltonian systems with time-delayed feedback bang-bang control is first introduced.Then,two time delay compensation methods,namely the method of changing control force amplitude (CFA) and the method of changing control delay time (CDT),are proposed.The conditions applicable to each compensation method are discussed.Finally,an example is worked out in detail to illustrate the application and effectiveness of the proposed methods and the two compensation ...