Experimental study of the flow and heat transfer of a gas–water mixture through a packed channel

Waste heat recovery from the flue gas of gasfired boilers was studied experimentally by measuring the flow and heat transfer of air and water through six kinds of packing with saturated humid air as the simulated flue gas.The experiments measured the effects of inlet air temperature, inlet air velocity and circulating water flow rate on the flow and heat transfer. The results show that higher inlet air temperatures and lower inlet air velocities lower the flow resistance and increase the heat transfer coefficient. The stainless steel packing had better surface wettability and larger thermal conductivity than the plastic packing, which enhanced the heat transfer between the water and the saturated moist air. When both the flow resistance reduction and the heat transfer enhancement were considered, the experimental results gave an optimal packing-specific surface area. A packed heat exchanger tower was designed for waste heat recovery from the flue gas of gas-fired boilers based on the experimental results which had better flow and heat transfer characteristics with lower pump and fan power consumption, more stable system operation and less thermal fluctuations compared with a non-packed heat transfer system with atomized water.     

Acetone hydrogenation in exothermic reactor of an isopropanol–acetone–hydrogen chemical heat pump: effect of intra-particle mass and heat transfer

Intra-particle mass and heat transfer plays an important role in performance of the exothermic fixed-bed reactor for an isopropanol-acetone-hydrogen chemical heat pump. In this work, an exothermic fixed-bed reactor model, taking into account the actual packing structure, is established in the commercial software Fluent. A 120° segment of a tube with tube-to-particle diameter ratio （n） of 4, where realistic particles are packed and set to porous media, is used to simulate the 3D external flow, concen- tration and temperature fields in the exothermic packed-bed reactor. The influence of catalyst particle diameter （dp） and micropore diameter （do） on the intra-particle temperature, species distribution, reaction rate and selectivity is dis- cussed. The appropriate dp and do are obtained. Simulation results showed that intra-particle temperature gradient is not obvious. Large dp and small do lead to remarkable gradient of reaction rate inside the catalyst particle and the decrease in the catalyst efficiency and reduce the acetone conversion and the selectivity in isopropanol. The optimal results reveal that the spherical catalyst with dp of 1 mm and dpore of 10 nm is appropriate for high-temperature acetone hydrogenation.     

Surface-particle-emulsion heat transfer model between fluidized bed and horizontal immersed tube

A mathematical model, surface-particle-emulsion heat transfer model, is presented by considering voidage variance in emulsion in the vicinity of an immersed surface. Heat transfer near the surface is treated by dispersed particles touching the surface and through the emulsion when the distance from the surface is greater than the diameter of a particle. A film with an adjustable thickness which separates particles from the surface is not introduced in this model.The coverage ratio of particles on the surface is calculated by a stochastic model of particle packing density on a surface. By comparison of theoretical solutions with experimental data from some references, the mathematical model shows better qualitative and quantitative prediction for local heat transfer coefficients around a horizontal immersed tube in a fluidized bed.     

超重力旋转床中气液两相流动与传质过程的数值模拟

文中采用基于颗粒轨道模型的欧拉-拉格朗日法对超重力旋转床中的气液两相流动与传质进行了数值模拟研究。在合理简化丝网填料结构和考虑液滴凝并与分散的基础上,分别利用SIMPLE算法和颗粒轨道模型计算了超重力旋转床中的气流场和液滴的运动轨迹,进而计算了液相的传质系数。数值模拟所得的液相传质系数与氮气解吸水中溶解氧实验结果符合良好,表明模型能够用于模拟旋转床中流体力学和分散相内的传质过程。计算分析表明,对超重力旋转床,在一定的转速下,液体和气体流量以及填料内径的变化对体积传质系数有重要影响。     

弯管中气固两相流冲蚀模拟研究

以某含有固体杂质微粒的输气过程为研究背景,运用ANSYS-FLUENT软件中E/CRC冲蚀磨损模型,对输气管道中的90°弯管进行气-固两相流的模拟计算,讨论不同的气体速度、固体杂质微粒的质量流率以及固体杂质微粒的微粒粒径对弯管的冲蚀磨损的影响.分析结果表明:气体入口速度越大,90°弯管的冲蚀率越大;固体杂质微粒质量流率越大,90°弯管的冲蚀率越大;当微粒粒径小于某一临界值时,微粒粒径越大,冲蚀率减小,当微粒粒径大于这一临界值时,微粒粒径越大,冲蚀率越大.在工程应用中可用于气体运输管道的检测,节约检测成本,提高管道输气的安全性.     

轴流导叶式旋风管内气固两相流的实验研究

为研究颗粒分离机理,提高分离性能,采用五孔球探针测试仪及等动采样法对轴流导叶式旋风管内气固两相流速度与压力分布进行了测量,并分别对不同导流锥和排尘结构参数下的纯气流流场及颗粒浓度场分布进行了对比分析。实验结果表明,旋风管内气流切向速度分布呈典型的准Rankin涡结构,固相颗粒分布在离心力作用下沿径向分为近壁的密相区与中心的稀相区。减小导流锥下口内径,采用带有排尘侧缝的单锥排尘结构有利于旋风管内颗粒的分离。     

1Cr9Mo钢高速气-固两相流冲蚀磨损

采用自制的激波驱动气-固两相流冲蚀磨损试验装置,选取SiO2、Al2O3和SiC颗粒,对煤化工常用材料1Cr9Mo钢进行高速气-固两相流冲蚀磨损试验研究.结合试件表面冲蚀磨损形貌,分析冲击速度、冲击角度、颗粒硬度、颗粒粒径、试件温度等因素对材料的冲蚀磨损率的影响.结果表明:在20 ℃和400℃下,1Cr9Mo钢的最大冲蚀磨损率均出现在15°～25°的冲蚀角之间,体现出典型塑性材料的冲蚀磨损特征;低角度冲蚀时磨损机理以颗粒的切削作用为主,高角度冲蚀时颗粒垂直撞击材料表面产生凹坑并致使凹坑周围的片状物碎屑从材料表面剥离;试件冲击速度指数在2.3 ～3.2范围内,磨损率受颗粒硬度影响较大;在相同冲蚀条件下,硬度较高的Al2O3和SiC颗粒对试件的磨损率比SiO2颗粒高一个数量级;磨损率随颗粒粒径的增大呈现先递增后下降的趋势;在400℃时SiO2颗粒对试件的冲蚀磨损率明显提高,磨损率最大值约为20℃时的3倍.     

低温液体-水相际传热模型与数值模拟

研究低温液体-水相际传热问题.分析低温液体与水之间的传热过程及其特性.给出一种处理问题的方法,采用可变网格法追踪低温液体-水相界面的位置,建立了适合于常压及超临界压力下的液-液传热模型.根据传热模型进行了数值计算,得出低温液体温度场分布,确定了低温液体-水相界面的生存距离.计算结果表明,在一定水压和适当的低温液体初始状态下,从低温液体-水相界面形成到完全消失需历经一段距离.     

Comparison between homogeneous and separated flow models of isobutane flowing through adiabatic capillary tubes

Capillary tubes have been widely used as expansion devices in small-scale refrigeration and heat-pump systems. However, adiabatic flow through a capillary tube is extremely complicated, despite its simple geometry. This work presents a comparative study on the homogenous flow model and separated flow model, which were used to simulate the flow of isobutene (R600a) through adiabatic capillary tubes. The influence of different combinations of friction factor and two-phase viscosity correlations, and the effect of metastable flow on the flow characteristics were investigated. The predicted mass flow rate was lower when the separated flow model was used. The separated flow model performed better in predicting a mass flow rate over 2 kg·h?1. The Colebrook friction factor correlation combined with the Dukler or McAdams viscosity correlation yielded smaller deviations of 5.43%, 5.49% and 5.44%, 5.43% when ignoring and considering the metastable flow, respectively. Additionally, the homogenous flow model adopting the Bittle and Pate friction factor and Dukler viscosity correlations achieved the highest accuracy with a mass flow rate under 2 kg·h?1. The mean error was 4.12% in the case without metastable flow, and 3.37% in the case with metastable flow.     

基于阵列式静电传感器的气固两相流流速检测

流动速度是反应气固两相流流动情况的重要参数之一。为了实现气固两相流流动速度准确而方便的检测,根据静电感应原理,设计了新型阵列式静电传感器,在分析了传感器电荷信号产生机理的基础上,设计并开发了微弱信号处理电路,搭建了用于气固两相流流速检测的重力输送实验装置。通过互相关算法得到了固体颗粒流动平均速度,与其他相关测量装置比较,该装置能够稳定、准确的实现气固两相流流速的检测,同时,更便于现场使用安装。     

气—液两相流传递研究

阐述了在气－＝液两相流传递研究方面的工作,包括气升式环流系统中的流体力学和传递、降液膜动下的传热和传质、“载气蒸发”技术的研究和开发等。并由研究惰气气冲击冷剂液浴中放热壁面强化冷却的操作机理,提出了“界面汽化热阱增强传热的原理”。     

空气钻井潜孔钻头气固两相流数值模拟

以川渝地区油气田现场空气钻井用潜孔钻头为模拟对象,根据实体模型、底部包络面和实钻井眼建立流场模型,采用RNG k-ε方程作为气相湍流模型,用拉格朗日粒子追踪法描述固相,进行潜孔钻头的旋流场数值模拟。研究结果表明:气相在喷嘴出口形成的扇形面积小,未完全覆盖钻齿,钻齿处岩屑携带效率低;转盘转速对井底流场影响很小;钻头中心区域和切削结构中部(径向狭长区域)存在回流;流量分配不均和回流影响携岩效率和钻进速度;借鉴PDC钻头水力结构的设计思路,在潜孔钻头每个切削结构中心位置增加1个喷孔,在潜孔钻头中心增1个中心喷孔,发现改进后钻齿上分配的气量明显增加,过流流速增大,钻头中心区域回流现象基本消除,改进后结构有利于及时清除岩屑,减少重复切削,可以提高机械钻速以及延长钻头寿命。