Least dissipation principle of heat transport potential capacity and its application in heat conduction optimization

In the viewpoint of heat transfer,heat transport potential capacity and its dissipation are defined based on the essence of heat transport phenomenon,Rspectively,their physical menings are the overall heat transfer capability and the dissipation rate of the heat transfer capacity.Then the least dissipation principle of heat transport potential cpacity is presented to enhance the heat conduction efficiency in the heat conduction optimization .The principle is, for a conduction process with the constant integral of the thermal conductivity over the region ,the optimal distribution of thermal conductivity,which corresponds to the highest heat conduction efficiency ,is characterized by the least dissipation of heat transport potential capacity .Finally the principle is applied to some cases in heat conduction optimization.     

The optimization model of the heat conduction structure

An optimization model considering a novel thermal performance index to be the objective function is proposed for minimizing the highest temperature in this paper. Firstly, the performance of the conventional heat conduction optimization model, with the dissipation of heat transport potential capacity as the objective function, is evaluated by a one-dimensional heat conduction problem in a planar plate exchanger. Then, a new thermal performance index, named the geometric average temperature, is introduced. The new heat con- duction optimization model, with the geometric average temperature as the objective function, is developed and the corresponding finite element formula is presented. The results show that the geometric average temperature is an ideal thermal performance index and the solution of the new model is close to the theoretical optimal solution.     

The optimization model of the heat conduction structure

An optimization model considering a novel thermal performance index to be the objective function is proposed for minimizing the highest temperature in this paper. Firstly, the performance of the conventional heat conduction optimization model, with the dissipation of heat transport potential capacity as the objective function, is evaluated by a one-dimensional heat conduction problem in a planar plate exchanger. Then, a new thermal performance index, named the geometric average temperature, is introduced. The new heat conduction optimization model, with the geometric average temperature as the objective function, is developed and the corresponding finite element formula is presented. The results show that the geometric average temperature is an ideal thermal performance index and the solution of the new model is close to the theoretical optimal solution.     

基于密度法的热传导结构拓扑优化准则算法

热传导结构优化设计研究主要集中在形状及尺寸优化方面，这类方法由于结构初始估计构形带有经验性，通常并不是结构的最优拓扑，使设计具有局限性；为了有效求解热传导结构的最优拓扑，将结构力学中成熟的拓扑优化思想及其方法拓展到热传导结构的拓扑优化设计中，同时以最小热量传递势容耗散为优化目标，基于密度法建立热传导结构拓扑优化设计数学模型，并推导相应的优化准则；计算过程中应用基于卷积的滤波技术处理迭代密度场，消除数值计算不稳定性；不同条件下的数值算例验证了本文思想和算法的正确性、有效性，所得拓扑优化结果为后继的形状和尺寸优化提供了可靠的依据．     

识别材料导热系数和导温系数的温度场逆分析

为了识别材料导热系数和导温系数,采用观测温度同时识别材料导热系数和比热容,在建立同时确定导热系数和比热容的肯态温度场逆分析数值计算模型的基础上,引入混沌优化方法求解该优化模型。以克服阻尼牛屯等方法求解该模型所遇到的困难,在瞬态温度场正问题求解中采用了精细积分方法以提高计算精度,算例验证了本文方法的有效性。     

An equation of entransy transfer and its application

Entransy is a physical quantity describing heat transfer ability, and heat transfer is accompanied by entransy transfer. Thermal energy is conserved in its transfer process, while entransy is dissipated because of the irreversibility of its transfer process. As a result, entransy transfer must have its rules which are different from those of thermal energy transfer. Based on the definition of entransy, an entransy transfer equation is derived, which describes the entransy transfer processes of a multi-component viscous fluid subject to heat transfer by conduction and convection, mass diffusion and chemical reactions. The expressions of entransy flux and entransy dissipation are obtained simultaneously, and their physical mechanism is clarified. And further, the theory and method of optimizing heat transfer applying the entransy transfer equation to the steady-state convection heat transfer process are expounded. The minimum thermal resistance principle and the entransy dissipation extremum principle are obtained by applying the steady-state entransy transfer equation to the steady-state convection heat transfer process. The cases of the single-component steady-state convection heat transfer and the steady-state heat conduction show the application of the theory and method.     

Constructal entransy dissipation rate minimization for ＂disc-to-point＂ heat conduction

Based on constructal theory,"disc-to-point" heat conduction is optimized by minimizing the entransy dissipation rate whereby a critical point is determined that distributes the high-conductivity material according to optimized radial or branch patterns.The results show that the critical point is determined by the product of the thermal conductivity ratio of the two materials and the volume fraction of the high-conductivity material allocated to the entire volume.The notion of optimal heat transfer performance can be attributed to the disc based on the entransy dissipation extremum principle.Comparing the results based on EDR minimization (entransy dissipation rate minimization) with those based on MTD minimization (maximum temperature difference minimization),one finds that the performance derived from the two optimization procedures are different.When the product of the thermal conductivity ratio and volume fraction is 30,the critical point of the former procedure is that for which the nondimensional radius of the disc equals 1.75,while that of the latter procedure is that for which this radius of the disc equals 2.18.Comparing heat transfer performances from the two procedures,the mean heat transfer temperature difference is decreased more for the former procedure thereby receiving an improved performance quota.     

冻结壁温度场模型试验及其导热系数反分析

冻土导热系数是计算冻结壁温度场的重要参数，本文根据冻结壁温度场物理模型试验的结果，建立非线性多维导热系数反分析的数学模型，采用选择法和有限元法，反分析冻结壁整体导热系数，为冻结壁温度场数值分析和冻结壁厚度的设计计算提供参考。     

多层隔热体的法向换热分析

从３种基本的换热方式（辐射换热、残余气体导热、固体接触导热）入手,对多层隔热体的法向热性能进行研究,求出法向有效热导率的理论表达式,为提高多层隔热体的低温隔热性能提供理论依据     

The entransy dissipation minimization principle under given heat duty and heat transfer area conditions

Under given heat duty and heat transfer area conditions, the equipartition of the entransy dissipation (EoED) principle, the equipartition of the temperature difference (EoTD) principle, and the equipartition of the heat flux (EoHF) principle are applied to the optimization design of a heat exchanger with a variable heat transfer coefficient. The results show that the difference between the results obtained using the EoED and EoTD principles is very small, far smaller than that between the results obtained using the EoED and EoHF principles. The correct entransy dissipation minimization principle is chosen to optimize the parameters in the hot and cold fluids in a two-fluid heat exchanger, under given heat duty and heat transfer area conditions. The results indicate that the proper choice of the two alternative fluids has an important role in the successful application of the entransy dissipation minimization principle. The fluid that could improve the total heat transfer coefficient should be chosen, or the fluid that makes the temperature profiles of the hot and cold fluids parallel and decreases the temperature difference between the hot and cold fluids after optimization simultaneously, could be the proper one.     

Constructal entransy dissipation rate minimization for heat conduction based on a tapered element

Based on constructal theory,the structure of a tapered element and high-conductivity link is optimized by taking the minimization of the entransy dissipation rate as the optimization objective.The results show that the mean temperature difference of the heat transfer cannot always decrease when the internal complexity of the control-volume increases.There exists an optimal constructal order leading to the minimum mean temperature difference for heat transfer.The thermal current density in high-conductivity links with variable shapes does not linearly depend on the length.Therefore,the optimized constructs based on the minimization of the entransy dissipation rate are different from those based on the minimization of the maximum temperature difference.Compared with the construct based on the minimization of the maximum temperature difference,the construct based on the minimization of the entransy dissipation rate can reduce the mean temperature difference,and improve the heat transfer performance significantly.Because entransy describes the heat transfer ability more suitably,various constructal problems in heat conduction may be addressed more effectively using this basis.     

基于微热管的太阳电池HCPV模组新型散热研究

高倍聚光光伏(HCPV)模组凭着其特有的优势,近些年得到了广泛的应用。HCPV模组采用的是III-V族多结太阳电池,尽管如今III-V族多结太阳电池的实验室最高光电转换效率已高达46.0%,而采用三结电池的HCPV模组,其最高转化效率只有35%左右。造成HCPV模组效率下降的主要原因之一就是模组的散热和工作温度均匀性问题。因此,如何对HCPV模组进行有效地均匀散热对提高模组转化效率具有重要的意义。热管作为一种高效相变传热技术,具有当量导热系数很高,且恒温传热的特点。本文针对典型HCPV模组的热流分布特点和结构特点,采用扁平微热管阵列作为新型散热器,实验研究了基于微热管阵列散热的HCPV系统的光电特性和散热特性。研究结果表明,优化工况下,采用微热管阵列作为散热装置的HCPV模组必常规HCPV模组其输出功率大约提高22%,表明该散热结构具有很好的应用前景。     

Generalized thermal resistance for convective heat transfer and its relation to entransy dissipation

In order to further analyze and optimize convective heat transfer process further, the concepts of heat flux weighted average heat temperature and heat flux weighted average heat temperature difference in multi-dimensional heat transfer system were introduced in this paper. The ratio of temperature differ- ence to heat flux is defined as the generalized thermal resistance of convective heat transfer processes, and then the minimum thermal resistance theory for convective heat transfer optimization was devel- oped. By analyzing the relationship between generalized thermal resistance and entansy dissipation in convective heat transfer processes, it can be concluded that the minimum thermal resistance theory equals the entransy dissipation extremum theory. Finally, a two-dimensional convective heat transfer process with constant wall temperature is taken as an example to illustrate the applicability of generalized thermal resistance to convective heat transfer process analysis and optimization.     

管翅换热器换热与流动的三维定常特性分析

为了深入了解单排管翅式换热器换热和流动特性,在雷诺数为100~600之间,翅片间空气为定常层流条件下,利用复合坐标网格系统及对流、导热相结合的数值分析方法,对5种不同几何参数平板翅紧凑管翅式换热器的流场、温度场、换热系数、传热量、压降、翅片效率进行了模拟计算和分析。结果表明:翅片越薄,单位体积、单位质量的传热量越大;在一定雷诺数条件下,存在一个最佳的翅片间距,并使得换热量最大;对所讨论的5种情况来说,当雷诺数为400时,翅片宽度较小的?热器的总传热量比其他4类高10%左右,但压力损失的降低变化不大。无论在哪种条件下,翅片后半部的传热量占全部传热量的25%以下,并且当雷诺数较低时,该比例会更低。     

利用试井资料确定油层的热物性参数

为了确定地层条件下油层的热物性参数,根据油田试井资料建立了生产井油层区域的导热和对流换热非稳态混合传热数学模型,确定了合理的边界条件和初始条件,计算了油层沿径向的温度分布剖面。采用复形调优法及变步长有限差分法,对目标函数进行了求解,确定了油层的综合导热系数、热扩散系数、热容量和井底产液温度等参数。将实例计算的井底产液温度与现场试井实测数据进行了比较,结果表明,两者吻合较好,能够满足工程精度的要求。     

泡沫型多孔介质等效导热系数的计算

该文根据泡沫状多孔材料的结构特点,建立了一种简化的单元体模型,利用最小热阻法分别导出连通孔型多孔材料气固两相的综合导热系数、辐射等效导热系数和材料总等效导热系数的计算公式。将计算结果与不同来源的实验数据进行比较,结果表明,公式计算值与相应材料的实验值有较好的一致性,同时合理反映出热辐射在多孔介质传热中的重要作用。该文所得计算公式简单方便,具有一定实用价值。     

磁性液体奇异的传热特性

磁性液体相比于传统的传热流体来说具有较高的导热性能和传热性能,其流动和传热过程还可以通过磁场控制,因此,磁性液体为强化传热带来了新的机遇,众多研究学者对磁性液体的传热特性进行了研究.通过对近年来有关磁性液体传热特性方面的研究进行整理和分析,总结了磁性液体导热系数和对流传热的实验研究方法,得到了不同的磁性颗粒参数、温度和磁场等因素对磁性液体传热特性的影响;详细阐述了磁性液体在有无磁场下导热系数的研究结果,并对影响导热系数的机理进行了归纳;阐述了磁性液体的对流传热在实验和数值研究方面的进展;指出了磁性液体在传热特性研究方面的进一步工作方向,并对磁性液体在强化传热和传热设备中的应用进行了展望.     

基于Simscape的塑料-钢螺旋蜗轮蜗杆稳态热分析

为了获得塑料-钢材料的螺旋齿蜗轮蜗杆啮合过程中的热量分布,根据热网络分布原理,利用Simscape仿真软件建立了热网络模型,分析了其啮合时的功率损失,得出其热阻计算模型和系统的稳态温度分布及热流量分布。仿真结果表明,蜗杆的温度远远高于其他节点温度,齿轮主要以蜗杆热传导的方式散热,通过选择热传导系数更大的蜗杆材料或采用减小蜗杆长度的设计可以改善蜗杆端传导散热。     

传热单元操作的基本研究方法

本文通过介绍间壁式换热器中热传导、热对流和工艺计算中的几种基本研究方法,阐述了传热的基本研究方法也是动量和质量传递的基本研究方法,而讨论研究方法的共同性,是把握一个知识体系途径之一.     

一维非线性热传导方程的孤波解

研究了线性情形中热传导方程的局限性,在此基础上考虑到热传导方程中导热系数、比热容、密度与温度的关系。导出了非线性热传导方程,并求出了几类非线性热传导方程的孤波解．