腔镜下甲状腺切除术的临床应用

目的：探讨完全腔镜下甲状腺手术的可行性及术中避免神经损伤及甲状旁腺损伤的方法。方法采取完全乳晕入路及胸乳入路完成腔镜下甲状腺切除术手术296例。结果296例手术成功,无中转开放手术。术后有2例甲状旁腺损伤,出现麻木及抽搐,给予钙剂治疗,共有5例喉返神经麻痹,出现声音嘶哑,给予理疗好转,平均恢复时间1～4个月,1例术后出现分离间隙淤血,后经穿刺抽液三次后愈,胸前水肿一个月后消褪。术后患者均自述有术区麻木感,1～3个月后自行消除。全部患者对切口美容效果满意,术后随访1～30个月,无复发。结论完全腔镜下甲状腺手术是一个安全有效的手术方法,在心理微创与美容效果有明显的优势。     

Complete endoscopic thyroidectomy: introduction and clinical application of smog management during surgery

目的:探讨完全腔镜甲状腺手术及术中烟雾处理技术的临床应用经验.方法:对1 200例结节性甲状腺肿病人实施完全腔镜甲状腺切除术,术中采用镜头躲避烟雾及排除烟雾技术,将取得的结果进行分析.结果:完全腔镜手术成功1 195例,中转常规开放手术5例,平均手术时间为65.5 min,平均镜头清洗次数为15次,暂时性喉返神经损伤2例,术毕伤口早期出血1例,无永久性喉返神经或甲状旁腺功能低下等手术并发症发生.结论:熟悉腔镜甲状腺手术中烟雾的产生情况,掌握腔镜下躲避烟雾及排除烟雾技术,是腔镜甲状腺手术顺利完成的关键之一.     

经胸入路的腔镜下甲状腺切除术的临床应用

探讨腔镜下行甲状腺切除术的可行性及临床应用价值。对25例甲状腺不同疾病患者(15例甲状腺腺瘤、6例结节性甲状腺肿、2例原发性甲状腺功能亢进和2例甲状腺癌)采用经胸入路腔镜下行相应的甲状腺手术,并对全组病例随访1年余。结果为腔镜下完成手术24例,因局部出血较多造成视野模糊故中转1例。手术平均用时90min,术中出血5～40mL,术后平均住院天数为5d。无神经、甲状旁腺损伤等并发症发生,术后随访患者美容效果满意。由此可得结论:腔镜下进行甲状腺手术与其他腔镜手术相比,微创优势虽不明显,但仍是安全可行的,颈部无疤痕,具有很好的美容效果,尤其适合于中青年女性患者。     

皮下间隙分离法在150例腔镜甲状腺切除术中的应用

目的：探讨腔镜甲状腺切除术中皮下操作空间预造的最佳方法与手术技巧。方法：150例甲状腺切除术患，先用“膨胀液”皮下注射辅助，再用皮下分离棒穿刺皮下分离胸前皮瓣，然后在腔镜直视下用超声刀补充分离完成皮下空间的制造。结果：皮下手术操作空间的平均制造时间为14．5min，制造手术空间平均失血量约5mL，术后胸前皮瓣平坦美观，除有5例切口位于胸骨前正中疤痕增生明显外，其余病人对外观均较满意。结论：该种皮下间隙分离法可减少术中出血、减少手术损伤、减少CO2的吸收、缩短手术时间、减少手术并发症。     

改良腹腔镜筋膜内子宫切除术与开腹子宫次切术的对比性分析

探讨改良腹腔镜筋膜内子宫切除术与开腹子宫次切术的手术时间、术中出血量、肛门恢复排气时间、术后病率、术后住院日、恢复工作时间;对行腹腔镜筋膜内子宫切除术130例患者为研究组（腔镜组）,取同期临床特点相似的开腹子宫次切术90例为对照组（开腹组）;两种手术效果比较腔镜组的平均手术时间较开腹组长,平均出血量亦较开腹少,但两组对比无明显差异。腔镜组肠道恢复时间、术后平均住院日,术后恢复工作时间均较开腹明显缩短,术后病率明显低于开腹组。     

腔镜手术与传统开放手术治疗甲状腺癌的临床效果对比

比较腔镜与传统开放治疗甲状腺癌的临床疗效。对2014年11月—2016年1月间于甘肃省人民医院进行腔镜与传统开放手术治疗甲状腺癌病例共60例进行统计学分析,其中腔镜组24例,传统开放手术组36例,对上述2组病例作同期对照研究。结果 2组病例在年龄、性别、手术种类方面差异无统计学意义。腔镜组的手术切口长度、术中出血量、住院时间和术后并发症均优于传统开放手术组,但在术后引流量、中央区淋巴结清扫的数量和手术时间方面的差异无统计学意义。腔镜治疗甲状腺癌具有创伤轻,恢复快的优点,术后生存质量也优于传统开放手术组。     

新型封堵取石导管在经尿道输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术中的临床疗效分析

目的探讨应用英诺伟 TMIVX-SC10/07封堵取石导管在经尿道输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术中的临床疗效.方法本组患者均为输尿管结石共98例次.使用封堵取石导管组44例,鳄嘴取石钳组54例.全部使用瑞士EMS—Vario.四代气压弹道联合超声吸附碎石清石系统碎石取石,比较2种取石方式的疗效.结果两小组手术时间分别为(35.2±9.5)和(54.7±14.4) min;一次结石清除率分别为95.4%、79.6%.两组术后平均出血量分别为(23±6.7)和(25±7.1) mL;发热分别为 4例和6例.结论英诺伟 TMIVX-SC10/07输尿管封堵取石导管在经尿道输尿管镜腔内碎石术中对缩短手术时间、降低结石漂移率及提高结石清除率非常有意义,使用安全,有较高的临床应用价值,有望成为输尿管镜手术中重要附属器械之一.     

65例腔镜下甲状腺切除术中常见并发症的防护

腔镜下甲状腺切除术是近年开展的新技术，它把手术切口微小化并隐藏起来，从而减少手术对患的创伤，降低了并发症的发生，达到美观微创和治疗的目的。我院于2002年3月-2003年4月开展了经胸壁入路的腔镜下甲状腺切除术65例，现将术中并发症的防护措施报告如下。     

基层医院经后腹膜腔腔镜手术治疗肾脏疾病

本研究主要分析了在基层医院应用经后腹腔腔镜治疗肾脏疾病的临床价值。研究时间定为2015年1月―2021年4月,研究对象定为该时间段内在甘肃省金昌市永昌县人民医院接受经后腹腔腔镜手术治疗的肾脏疾病患者（一共41例）,其中有30例患有肾囊肿,有2例患有肾错构瘤,有5例患有肾恶性肿瘤,有2例患有肾结核,有2例患有肾盂恶性肿瘤。所有肾脏疾病的患者在接受手术治疗过程中有1例患者转开放手术,其他患者（40例）均手术成功,且并没有发生任何并发症;所有患者术后在基层医院住院的时间在5～9 d,均值为7 d。后腹腔腔镜手术与传统的开放手术对比可知,前者具有术中出血量低、对患者创伤小、术后住院的时间比较短、术后并发症发生概率低以及术后病情恢复速度快等优势,值得在临床应用推荐。     

内含热薄透镜CW色心激光腔的振荡光束特性

运用像镜原理分析三镜折迭腔、四镜折迭腔和四镜8字型环形腔等光学谐振腔的振荡光束特性及其热行为。讨论热效应对谐振腔振荡光束特性的影响规律以及像镜分析方法的精确性,给出谐振腔的热不灵敏条件。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with