三乙酸甘油酯的合成研究

本文以强酸型阳离子交换树酯为催化剂,通过酯化反应合成了三乙酸甘油酯,并系统地研究了树脂型号及其用量,乙酸与甘油的摩尔比,反应时间等因素对合成三乙酸甘油酯产率的影响。从而确定了合成三乙酸甘油酯的反应条件。     

柠檬酸酐的合成与表征

以柠檬酸和乙酸酐为原料,乙酸为溶剂合成柠檬酸酐.用正交实验考察反应时间、反应温度、溶剂用量和物料配比对柠檬酸酐产率的影响.得出的最优化条件为:反应时间18 h,反应温度37℃,摩尔比n(柠檬酸):n(乙酸酐):n(乙酸)为1:1.8:2,产率为84%.产品分子量为174,红外光谱证明产品为五元环状酸酐.     

乙酰水杨酸合成方法改进

以水杨酸和乙酸酐为原料,以弱酸硫酸铝钾作催化剂可以方便的合成乙酰水杨酸,实验结果表明:反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量、水杨酸与乙酸酐的比例等因素均有影响,最佳反应条件是:催化剂的用量为0.6g,n(水杨酸)n(乙酸酐)=1.0 2.0,恒温70℃,反应时间为30min,在优化的反应条件下,乙酰水杨酸的产率为77.8%。结果还表明,硫酸铝钾作为催化剂产率高于浓硫酸作催化剂的产率,而且产品色泽为白色,且纯度高。     

正交实验法确定乙酸环己酯合成最佳条件的研究

采用5因素4水平L16(45)进行正交实验,探索了乙酸与环己醇酯化制备乙酸环己酯的反应中催化剂、反应时间、反应温度、带水剂的用量、反应物物质的量之比等因素对乙酸环己酯产率的影响.结果表明:各因素对乙酸环己酯产率影响的主次顺序为:催化剂>反应温度>带水剂的用量>反应原料比>反应时间.确定了合成工艺条件为:适宜原料比为n环己醇:n乙酸=1.5:1,适宜催化剂为催化剂I,适宜反应温度为75℃,适宜反应时间为1.5 h,带水剂的最佳用量为6 mL,该条件下乙酸环己酯的产率在97.5%左右.与现行生产工艺相比,该合成路线催化剂的催化性能强、反应时间短、用量少、能重复使用,并且工艺简单、无污染、产物产率较高等优点.     

强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化合成甘油三乙酸酯的研究

以乙酸、甘油为原料,直接酯化合成甘油三乙酸酯,研究了反应温度、反应时间、原料配比、带水剂、催化剂用量等条件对合成反应的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件。该方法合成甘油三乙酸酯的最佳工艺条件是：反应温度92～98℃;反应时间5h;n(乙酸)：n(甘油)为4．5：1．0;催化剂用量为总物料质量的0．9％;带水剂苯用量为15mL(甘油为0．15mol的情况下)。甘油三乙酸酯的收率达到92．30％。催化剂不经处理可循环使用多次。该催化剂具有价廉易得、催化活性好、不腐蚀设备、无环境污染等优点。     

微波辐射明矾催化合成阿司匹林的研究

文中以水杨酸、乙酸酐为主要原料,以明矾作为催化剂,用微波法快速合成阿司匹林。系统讨论了反应物料比、催化剂用量、微波反应温度、微波反应时间及微波辐射功率等因素对产率的影响,确定了阿司匹林的最佳合成工艺条件。通过试验研究,优化出最佳合成工艺条件为:n(水杨酸)∶n(乙酸酐)=1∶2,催化剂用量为水杨酸质量的7.2,微波反应温度70℃,微波反应时间20 min,微波辐射功率400 W时,纯化后阿司匹林产率达到83.01。既可强化学生的环保意识,又可使学生掌握绿色化学的实用技术。     

脱铝改性Y分子筛催化清洁合成乙酰水杨酸

以水杨酸和乙酸酐为原料,脱铝改性分子筛为催化剂合成了乙酰水杨酸.考察催化剂用量、水杨酸和乙酸酐物料配比、反应时间、反应温度等因素对该反应的影响.结果表明:当n(水杨酸):n(乙酸酐)为1.0:1.2,催化剂用量为水杨酸质量的7.5%,80 ℃,反应10 min,产物收率达94.2%.     

丙酮保护法合成单硬脂酸甘油酯研究

以甘油、硬脂酸为原料,对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,丙酮为基团保护剂,氯仿为带水剂,采用基团保护法合成单硬脂酸甘油酯。进而考察了反应物摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量等对产物产率的影响,确定了最佳反应条件。研究发现,最佳合成条件为:n(甘油)∶n(丙酮)∶n(硬脂酸)=1.25∶2.5∶1(摩尔比),缩合反应温度为80℃、时间为3h、催化剂用量为硬脂酸摩尔数的2.5%,酯化反应温度为140℃、时间为4h、催化剂的用量为硬脂酸摩尔数的2.5%;在此条件下,单硬脂酸甘油酯的产率最高可达96.42%。     

正交试验优化乙酰水杨酸合成工艺

目的:研究乙酰水杨酸合成工艺的影响因素,探索乙酰水杨酸合成实验的最佳条件.方法:采用正交试验,考察水杨酸和乙酸酐的物质的量比(A)、反应温度(B)、反应时间(C)和催化剂浓硫酸的用量(与水杨酸用量的体积质量比)(D)四个因素对乙酰水杨酸产率的影响.结果:乙酰水杨酸合成的最佳条件为A_1B_3C_1D_1,即水杨酸和乙酸酐物质的量比为1︰2,反应温度为80℃,反应时间为8 min,催化剂用量为1%.结论:在此工艺条件下,乙酰水杨酸产率可达76.3%(以水杨酸的投料量计算).     

硫酸铁催化合成乙酸苄酯

探讨以硫酸铁为固体催化剂,由冰乙酸和苯甲醇为原料合成乙酸苄酯。采用平行实验法对影响反应的因素进行了考察。结果表明反应的最佳条件:n(苄醇)∶n(乙酸)=2.5∶1.0。催化剂用量1.25g(以0.1mol原料为基准),反应时间2.0h,回流温度87~94℃。在此条件下,合成的产品最高的产率可达到67.1%左右。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with