甜菊钙调蛋白基因的克隆及结构分析

钙调蛋白（Calmodulin）是生物细胞内一种重要的调控蛋白，通过其与靶酶的相互作用控制细胞正常的生长发育及细胞对外界环境变化的反应，我们从甜菊顶芽和花芽中提取总RNA，逆转录合成cDNA第一链，以此为模板，参考GenBank上已发表植物的钙调蛋白基因序列合成5′端和3′端引物，利用多聚酶链式反应（PCR）扩增并克隆得到了甜菊钙调蛋白基因的两个异型基因，序列分析表明，它们均由450个核苷酸组成，编码148个氨基酸，在核苷酸序列上与迄今已知的多种植物钙调蛋白均有很高的同源性，同源率在83％以上，编码的氨基酸序列同源性更同，同源率高达95％以上，这两个基因之间存在差异，其核苷酸序列同源率为85％，编码区的氨基酸序列的同源率为99％，仅在第122个氨基酸由ALA代替了VAL。     

长叶车前花叶病毒上海株(RMVsh)外壳蛋白基因的克隆、序列分析及原核表达

长叶车前花叶病毒上海分离株（RMVsh)是从上海郊区的青菜（Brassica chinensis)上分离鉴定的，以提纯的病毒为材料，SDS－酚法纯化的基因组RNA作为模板，通过RT－PCR方法克服了该病毒的外壳蛋白基因（CP），DNA序列测定结果表明，外壳蛋白基因全长474个碱基，编码157个氨基酸，将CP基因插入原核表达载体pBAD/His-C中，转化E.coli Top10后，诱导表达，经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析呈－特异性的蛋白条带，Western blot检测表明，表达产物与RMVsh抗血清呈阳性反应，RMVsh CP基因的核苷酸序列及氨基酸序列与烟草花叶病毒属中其他能侵染十字花科作物的成员相比，同源率分别为83．5％－98．9％和87．9％－99．4％，并讨论了RMVsh的分类地位为烟草花叶病毒属侵染十字花科植物2个亚组中的第一亚组的代表。     

荔枝R基因同源序列的克隆与分析

根据已知植物抗病基因（R基因）编码的蛋白质NBS保守区设计特异简并引物，对荔枝的基因组DNA进行体外扩增，获得了一条大小约500bp的扩增谱带；回收该特异扩增带并进行克隆，筛选若干阳性克隆进行测序，共获得5个片段的序列。同源性比较发现，该5个片段均属于NBS－LRR类抗病基因同源序列（RGA），与已知R基因相应区段的氨基酸序列一致性为13.5%-45.9%。这些RGA既可进一步用于筛选荔枝的抗病候选基因，同时也可以作为分子标记，用于荔枝遗传图谱的构建。该研究表明R基因同源克隆技术可望成为荔枝抗病基因克隆和基因组研究的重要手段。     

黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)三磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶基因(GPD)的序列测定与同源性分析

ｐＡＮＧＰＤ是用构巢曲霉ＧＰＤ基因片段为探针,从黑曲霉基因组文库中筛选到的一个三磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶基因（ＧＰＤ）阳性克隆．作者对该阳性克隆进行了亚克隆和序列测定,结果表明,基因片段总长２４４１个核苷酸（ｎ．ｔ）,其中５’－端非编码区长９８１ｎ．ｔ,编码区（从起始密码子ＡＴＧ到终止密码子ＴＡＧ）长１４４６ｎ．ｔ,３’－端非编码区长２４ｎ．ｔ,基因启动子区含有ｇｐｄ－盒和ＣＴ－盒序列,但无明显的ＣＡＡＴ盒和ＴＡＴＡ盒序列．ＧＰＤ基因由７个外显子和７个内含子构成,外显子全长１００８ｎ．ｔ,编码的蛋白质长３３６个氨基酸残基．通过序列比较分析,发现该基因与构巢曲霉的ＧＰＤ基因有许多相似之处;它们的基因启动子序列都含有ｇｐｄ－盒和ＣＴ－盒,其同源性分别为９６％和６５％;推测的两个ＧＰＤ蛋白的氨基酸同源性高达９０％;两个基因所含内含子数目及位置相同．     

耐热碱性磷酸酯酶基因的DNA序列分析

从栖热菌中克隆到产耐热碱性磷酸酯酶（FD－TAP）基因并进行了DNA序列分析,结果表明此2．0kb的片段含有一个1056bp的开放阅读框,编码501个氨基酸的蛋白质,其N端有一26个氨基酸的信号肽．在起始密码子的上游5bp处有一个5＇－GGAGGT－3＇的SD序列．基因编码区的（G＋C）％为68．7％,第3位密码子（G＋C）％为92．7％．FD－TAP的氨基酸序列与大肠杆菌等生物的碱性磷酸酯酶氨基酸序列比较,相同性为27％,相似性为38％．中央β－折叠区及与活性中心相关的氨基酸残基高度保守．表明FD－TAP具有与大肠杆菌碱性磷酸酯酶相似的结构和作用机制．在相当于大肠杆菌碱性磷酸酯酶的His370至His412两个金属离子结合部位之间,FD－TAP有一72个氨基酸的插入片段,提示该插入片段与FD－TAP的高耐热性相关．     

大鼠小脑特异基因Zic的克隆、序列分析和初步表达

EST（AW055732）片段是SD大鼠脑内一特异表达基因cDNA的3‘-端片段,与小鼠和人的Zic基因同源。基于小鼠及人的Zic基因的同源序列,设计引物用PCR方法从SD大鼠中克隆得到该基因的编码区序列（rZic)。该基因编码一锌指蛋白,其锌指结构域与线虫的tra-1基因,果蝇的ci^D基因。人的Gli癌基因和果蝇的opa基因的锌指结构域高度同源,用RT－PCR方法分析了rZic基因在大鼠脑区分布状况。结果表明,rZic基因在小脑中高表达。将该rZic基因克隆至带有6个组氨酸的表达载体pET-32a( )中,用IPTG诱导rZic融合蛋白在大肠杆菌BL21菌株中表达,诱导后重组蛋白质占菌体总蛋白的20．8％。     

大豆花叶病毒Sc株系外壳蛋白基因的部分序列分析

采用多聚酶链式反应（ＰＣＲ）扩增技术,体外扩增ＳＭＶ－Ｓｃ株系的外壳蛋白基因并进行部分测序。结果表明：所测５＇端１５０个核苷酸序列同已发表的ＳＭＶ－ＢＪ（北京分离物）、Ｓａ株系同源率分别为９５％和９３％,３＇端非编码区同ＢＪ株系同源率为８４％。     

2个水稻花发育相关MADS-box基因的全序列cDNA克隆及结构分析

一组具有MADS-box结构域的转录因子在控制花器官的诱导与发育中起着重要作用．以水稻广陆矮4号(Oryza sativa L．Guang-Lu—Ai No．4)幼穗总RNA为模板，根据MADS-box保守区的序列设计简并性引物。利用3′-RACE的方法获得了2个新的水稻花发育相关MADS-box基因，分别命名为FDRMADS3和FDRMADS4；并利用5′-RACE的方法获得了该2个基因完整的cDNA序列，包括完整的编码区，5′-UTR和3′-UTR．它们编码的蛋白质都具有典型的MADS-box结构域和半保守的K区，其与水稻中其他家族成员的MADS-box结构域同源性高达90％以上，这说明它们都是典型的MADS-box基因．     

小拟南芥COR15a基因的克隆及序列分析

拟南芥的CORl5a基因受低温处理、ABA及干旱诱导表达,与植物的低温驯化有关。根据拟南芥序列。利用PCR技术从小拟南芥基因组中克隆了AtCORl5a的同源基因ApCOR15a。2个基因具有相同的结构,ApCORl5a编码139个氨基酸,其序列有84％与AtCORl5a蛋白相同。     

人类抗砷相关基因hARRG全长cDNA的克隆和在E.coli中表达

通过对构建的人胎脑cDNA文库进行大规模测序,发现一条人类新基因,序列与仓鼠asr2序列高度同源,达88％,命名为人类抗砷相关基因（human arsenic resistance related gene.hARRG),hARRG与抗砷基因相关序列ARS2（AF082871）几乎完全全同源,仅比它短253bp,hARRG并不是全长基因而仅是一个cDNA片段,为了获得hARRG全长cDNA,运用Northern blot电子RACE和5－SMART－RACE的方法克隆了一条2999bp 的hARRG全长cDNA,通过Unigene染色体定位于7q21.3,经过生物信息学分析发现,该cDNA有完整的读码框,编码一个788个氨基酸的蛋白,预计分子质量为89．2ku,并在大肠杆菌中获得了成功表达。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that