流动系统中的反应动力学实验研究——黑索今制造中硝化反应动力学的研究

本文从化工反应动力学基本原理出发,介绍有关在静止系统中难以解决的反应动力学问题,而在流动系统中得到较好的研究结果。 在流动系统中测定了反应级数及速度常数。初步建立了反应动力学基本方程,为化工反应动力学的实验研究寻求了新的途径。     

乙二醇醋酸酯化反应动力学研究

基于二级反应动力学机理,研究了以乙二醇和冰乙酸为原料,合成乙二醇醋酸酯的反应动力学.通过反应动力学实验,根据化学方程式,利用计算机软件程序,将实验数据回归拟合,确定反应动力学参数,建立了反应动力学模型,讨论了不同温度、催化剂用量以及乙二醇与醋酸摩尔比等反应条件对酯化反应速率常数k的影响,求得酯化反应活化能E为159.32kJ/mol.结果表明,在实验条件下,乙二醇与醋酸酯化反应,反应级数为准2级.     

大气压等离子体清洗的反应动力学方程

近些年,大气压等离子体射流清洗得到广泛的关注,而实现等离子体射流清洗效果的定量控制也是这些年研究的热点之一.文中在反应动力学理论和阿仑尼乌斯定律的基础上建立了大气压等离子体射流清洗的反应动力学方程,并根据所建立的反应动力学方程确定了等离子体射流清洗装置反应动力学方程中的参数:指前因子和活化能,从而建立了该射流清洗装置的反应动力学方程,并将反应动力学方程所得到的清洗效果理论值与相同参数条件下实验所得到的清洗效果进行了对比,结果表明实验值与理论值吻合的很好,验证了所得到的大气压等离子体射流清洗反应动力学方程的可靠性.大气压等离子体射流清洗反应动力学方程的建立为实现现代化工业生产中清洗效果的定量控制提供理论基础和研究方法.     

聚苯乙烯热解反应动力学

用热重法研究了聚苯乙烯热解反应动力学,求取了反应动力学参数,探讨了聚苯乙烯热解反应的机理。     

林可霉素转运蛋白基因lmrC的功能分析

为了研究腺苷三磷酸结合盒转运蛋白LmrC是否参与林可霉素的生物合成,通过同源重组在林可霉素高产菌株LC-G中构建了lmrC的缺失突变株XJJ7.高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析和抗性检测显示,相比出发菌株LC-G,XJJ7的林可霉素产量下降了55%,而且耐受林可霉素的最高质量浓度降低了50%.进一步实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)分析发现,突变株XJJ7中林可霉素生物合成基因lmbA和lmbR的转录明显低于LC-G,但调控基因lmbU的转录不变.在LC-G中lmrC的过表达不能进一步提高产量,也不影响lmbA、lmbR和lmbU基因的转录,但过表达菌株对林可霉素的抗性显著增强.结果表明,lmrC可以通过影响生物合成基因的转录来调节林可霉素的产生,并赋予产生菌一定的抗性.     

宏观（唯象）动力学中的几个基本概念问题

化学动力学是《物理化学》中的重要组成部分,是当今发展非常迅速的一个领域。它包括化学动力学和催化作用两部分内容。 化学动力学的发展经历了总包反应动力学(也称唯象动力学),基元反应动力学和微观反应动力学三个阶段。19世纪中叶到本世纪初奠定了唯象动力学的基础,本世纪初到40～50年     

平行反应的热动力学研究法(Ⅱ)——平行一级和二级反应

根据热动力学基本理论,导出了平行一级和二级反应的热动力学方程,建立了热谱解析平行的一级和二级反应动力学参数的数学模型,通过对两个模拟平行反应体系的热动力学研究验证了方法的正确性．     

林可霉素生物合成基因lmbU的敲除及其遗传回补

利用DNA同源重组原理敲除S.lincolnensis NRRL 2936中lmbU基因,筛选获得该基因缺陷株S.lincolnensis JLUa2,其不具备林可霉素生物合成能力.利用构建的不同重组质粒转化缺陷株,发现含有质粒pHBUYX335的缺陷株重新获得了林可霉素生物合成能力.单一回补下游基因lmbY和lmbX不能使缺陷株重新恢复林可霉素合成能力;而同时回补lmbU基因和下游基因lmbY和lmbX却能回补这种缺陷,缺陷株林可霉素合成能力的丧失不仅是由下游基因的破坏而引起,证实了lmbU基因是林可霉素生物合成的关键基因.根据不同重组质粒上装载的基因片段性质推测了lmbU基因可能的启动子.     

盐酸林可霉素的核磁共振研究

盐酸林可霉素是一种临床上广泛应用的抗生素药物.对盐酸林可霉素进行了1HNMR,13CNMR检测,通过DEPT,1H-1HCOSY,13C-1HHSQC,13C-1HHMBC等2DNMR技术对该化合物的1H,13C谱的信号进行了全归属.另外,对盐酸林可霉素进行了高分辨质谱确认和TOF-MS的裂解途径分析.     

酸岩反应动力学关键问题及其进展

酸岩反应动力学研究是酸化酸压设计的基础,目前多以旋转岩盘动态模拟方法为主。现有旋转岩盘装置酸岩反应的溶蚀形态是面溶蚀,而实际酸化过程中常产生蚓孔溶蚀,采用面溶蚀下测得的酸岩反应动力学参数用于蚓孔溶蚀下的酸化工艺设计,这是导致酸化设计不合理的重要原因之一,也是酸岩反应动力学研究中亟待解决的关键问题。通过对国内外酸岩反应动力学研究进展进行了系统的总结,分析了酸岩反应动力学研究中存在的问题,例如CO2等反应产物、面容比、氢离子浓度分布等因素对酸岩反应动力学参数的准确测定带来的影响,并针对关键问题指出了酸岩反应动力学研究的发展趋势。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.