浅议新加坡科技发展态势

在知识经济背景下，新加坡日益重视科技对于经济的推动作用。本文尝试从5个方面分析了新加坡科技发展的态势：科技投入和产出持续高增长，研发人力不断加强，研发基础设施日益完善，企业的研发和创新备受重视，相对竞争优势逐渐形成。     

用CA数据库进行纳米科技的文献计量分析

本文根据CAONCD数据库，对纳米科技从1987年到2004年18年时段的文献发表进行了文献统计．对纳米科技发展的总体态势、各国发展状况、热点学科领域和应用技术开发状况进行了文献计量分析和预测。     

若干国家支持农业科技创新的共性特征及启示

分析了若干发达国家支持农业科技创新的一些共性特征，包括加强研究开发能力建设，完善农业推广体系，开展全方位农业科技推广服务，建立科技创新的多元化投资机制，重视农业教育以及教育与科研、推广工作的配合，视农民为创新工作的重要主体。并阐述了对我国农业科技创新工作的借鉴意义。     

发达国家和新兴工业化国家政府财政研发投入研究

各国政府已经认识到研发(R＆D)投入对国家科技实力和经济发展的重要性，因此，它们不但采取措施刺激产业界和其它部门增加研发投入，而且直接增加用于研发的财政拨款。本文以主要发达国家(美国、日本、德国、法国和英国)和新兴工业化国家韩国的政府研发投入数据为基础，客观分析了近二三十年来各国政府研发投入主要参数的变化规律。主要参数包括：政府研发投入总额，政府研发投入占本国研发经费的比例，政府研发投入占本国国内生产总值的比例，政府研发投入占政府财政支出的比例，政府研发投入的流向。     

高校科技投入与产出的关联模型研究

针对高校科技产出的特点与存在的问题，在分析过去10年高校科技投入和产出的数据的基础上，建立了高校科技投入和产出的多个关联模型，对于分析高校科技投入产出关系，提升高校科技投入产出效率，提供了决策支持。     

从近年科技投入变化看美国科技政策的变化

美国能够成为世界头号科技大国，其科技政策功不可没。近年来，美国不断调整其科技政策以保证站在世界的最前列，这可以从美国在科技中投入的不断变化看出来。本文基于冷战结束至今美国在科技中投入的变化，分析了美国科技政策十几年来的变化特点。     

Biochemical changes in some acrosomal enzymes of spermatozoa during maturation

Summary Goat spermatozoal hyaluronidase and acrosin show significantly increased activities during transition from caput to cauda epididymis. The activity of alkaline phosphatase decreases during spermatozoal transport through epididymis.Acknowledgment. The work was supported by World Health Organization, Geneva (Project No. 76238).     

Influence of diet on plasma tryptophan and brain serotonin levels in mice

Summary Groups of mice were maintained for up to 78 weeks on tryptophan restricted, protein restricted and control diets. Plasma tryptophan levels were significantly reduced by both forms of dietary restriction. Brain serotonin levels were significantly reduced only in mice on the tryptophan restricted diet, but not for mice on the protein restricted diet. The protein-restricted diet contains less of the large neutral amino acids which compete with tryptophan to enter the brain. It is known that protein restriction and tryptophan restriction extend lifespan. The results presented here suggest that extension of lifespan and lowering of brain serotonin are not related.     

日本官产学研合作经验之探究

经过几十年的摸索和发展，日本官产学研合作初见成效。如何提高官产学研合作的绩效，使企业真正从中获益，并乐于保持与大学和研究机构的合作关系，是日本政府十分关注并且正在认真研究的课题。日本在推进官产学研合作过程中所积累的成功经验和失败教训，对于我国目前建立以企业为主体、市场为导向、产学研相结合二技术创新体系来说具有一定的借鉴和参考价值。     

Methylation of hippocampal phosphatidylethanolamine and proteins during long-lasting potentiation

Summary Whereas the monomethylation of hippocampal phosphatidylethanolamine is decreased following the induction of long-lasting potentiation of the CA₁ population spike, carboxymethylation of proteins is unaffected.This work was supported by The University of British Columbia.     

日本的科技计划与战略

本文主要介绍了日本科技计划与战略的制定过程、近几年实施的主要科技计划与战略以及计划与战略的管理和评估,并对日本的两期科技基本计划做了重点分析和对比。     

研究开发的全球化

继贸易全球化、生产全球化之后，研究开发全球化已经成为经济一体化的重要趋势。本文分析了研究开发全球化的背景、动机及主要方式，并介绍了日本、韩国在美国的研究开发及国外企业在华研究开发的情况。在此基础上，对我国企业“走出去”提出了一些建议。     

Morphology of the intercapsular segment of the oviduct in the golden hamster with special reference to ovumtransit from ruptured follicles to the ampulla

Summary The intercapsular segment of the oviduct in the golden hamster is not a simple duct which has constant outer and inner diameters. After penetrating the bursa ovarica the ICS has a circular constriction and the corresponding oviductal lumen is narrowed.     

Selective effects of gonadal steroids on the response of peripheral serotonin receptors

Summary The maximal contraction provoked by serotonin (5-HT) in isolated stomach strips of adult rats, a functional index for peripheral 5-HT receptors, was sexually differentiated, androgen-sensitive, and estrogen refractory. This is at variance with the reported sensitivity of central 5-HT receptors to estrogen.     

Effect of nerve stimulation on rat skeletal muscle. A study of plasma membrane

Summary The gastrocnemius muscle of the rat showed no morphological, histometric or plasma membrane changes, after sciatic nerve stimulation with a 5 mA current for 30 to 60 min, 10 mA for 30 min and 15 mA for 5 min. However, 10 mA for 60 and 200 min gave rise to mitochondrial and plasma membrane abnormalities. These changes were absent after a rest period. The results indicated the sciatic nerve stimulation at 10 mA for 60 and 200 min caused reversible changes in the rat skeletal muscle mitochondria and plasma membrane.     

Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in adrenal gland and spleen of rats after fasting and cold exposure

Summary Fasting (48 h) results in dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) release both in adrenal gland and spleen, suggestive of an increase in the activity of these organs. Cold exposure (48 h) produces a dissociation of the, sympathoadrenal response. When both stimuli are simultaneously employed, the DBH response suggests the preponderance of the response to fasting. Plasma DBH is decreased in all groups studied, this could be due to its half-life and the splenic DBH depletion.This work was supported by a grant of Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias de la Seguridad Social, No. 83/0905.     

Fluid and protein clearance in the rat endometrium. Part II: Ultrastructural evidence for the presence of alternative,non-lymphatic clearance mechanisms in the rat endometrium

Summary In the rat endometrium, resident macrophages and exudate phagocytes ensure proteolysis by means of phagocytosis, macro-and micropinocytosis. Using exogenous tracer particles no ultrastructural evidence could be obtained for the occurrence of endometrial prelymphatics. It is suggested that the free tissue fluid may be drained via the fenestrated (probably venous) blood capillaries.Supported by a grant from the Nationaal Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek-Fonds voor Geneeskundig Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (Belgium).     

Comparison of diurnal and nocturnal rates of 5-hydroxytryptamine turnover in the rat mediobasal hypothalamus

Summary Rates of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) turnover in the mediobasal hypothalamus of male rats were estimated using pharmacological methods during the daytime and at night. Concentrations of 5-HT in this hypothalamic area were higher nocturnally than diurnally; this was apparently due to increased 5-HT synthesis and decreased 5-HT catabolism at night.Supported by NIH grant RR07187 (TSK) and NIH grant HD10202 (Neuroendocrine Core).     

韩国利用外商R＆D投资的经验及启示

韩国在利用外商研发投资中存在诸多值得我们借鉴的地方，如鼓励本国企业与跨国公司研发机构合作、着力增强本国企业的技术吸收消化能力、为本国企业与跨国公司搭建合作平台、合理引导跨国公司的研发投资活动、鼓励本国企业到海外建立研发机构等。我国在利用外商研发投资过程中，应积极借鉴韩国经验，大力优化人才培养与任用机制、健全和完善知识产权保护的法律体系、保护生态环境、优化和完善服务环境、加强本土企业R＆D能力培养。     

试论企业的超前研究开发

企业开展超前研究开发是竞争的需要，也是提高企业创新能力的需要，本文探讨了超前研发的有关理论与概念，对企业超前研发进行了制度分析，并提出了搞好超前研发的对策建议。