面向裂纹扩展的连结型刚体-弹簧离散元模型

针对连结型刚体-弹簧离散元的单元排布型式对仿真裂纹扩展路径严重失真的问题,提出了一种考虑多层邻近单元作用力的离散元模型。该模型在1层、2层和3层邻近单元搜索方法下的离散元弹簧刚度参数和断裂判据由材料应变能守恒法则推导得出。采用不同层数邻近单元搜索方法对Kalthoff和Winkler的平板材料动态剪切实验的裂纹扩展轨迹进行了离散元仿真,结果表明,随着离散元模型中邻近单元搜索层数的增加,不同单元排布型式对裂纹扩展路径的影响下降;在3层邻近单元搜索方法下,受不同单元排布影响,仿真得到的裂纹扩展的起止时间仅相差2μs,裂纹扩展轨迹十分接近并与实验结果吻合。采用3层邻近单元搜索方法的离散元模型可以有效地仿真材料裂纹扩展路径,可望成为研究材料断裂过程的工具。     

基于接触算法的复合材料层板脱层损伤分析

针对长纤维增强树脂基复合材料层合板的脱层损伤破坏,提出了基于接触算法的脱层预测模型.在潜在产生脱层区域模拟为粘结接触,并将脱层模型作为界面的接触行为,引入一个损伤变量来表征在达到宏观裂纹之前的微裂纹和微缺陷区域面积,从而获得产生损伤时界面的有效刚度.通过结合传统的应力失效准则和断裂力学中的能量释放率准则定义了损伤发展过程中的损伤面,分析了脱层产生和扩展的整个过程.并将该模型通过ABAQUS/Explicit的用户子程序VUINTER实现.对控制双悬臂梁张开位移率方式下裂纹扩展的数值仿真结果与实验结果进行了比较,取得了满意的结果,验证了该模型的正确性.     

基于LS-DYNA模拟碰撞诱发的裂纹扩展

以限位装置这一实例为研究对象,基于LS-DYNA有限元软件,根据材料的结构特性,选择了分段线性塑性材料模型,进而模拟了运动物体与限位装置碰撞产生的裂纹扩展路径.分析了不同裂纹角度、裂纹深度、失效应变以及冲击速度等4种工况下的裂纹扩展规律.研究结果表明针对本研究的限位装置,冲击速度和裂纹角度对裂纹扩展路径影响较大,而裂纹深度和失效应变对裂纹扩展路径影响较小.     

结构参数对水润滑橡胶合金轴承摩擦噪声的影响分析

为了研究水润滑橡胶合金轴承结构参数对其低速重载工况下摩擦噪声的影响,使用复模态分析方法建立了水润滑橡胶合金轴承系统仿真模型,采用专业仿真软件分析了不同摩擦系数及结构参数条件下摩擦噪声产生的概率,进而研究结构参数对摩擦噪声的影响,进行了平板型和圆弧型结构的水润滑橡胶合金轴承摩擦噪声的对比实验。研究结果表明,水润滑橡胶合金轴承的水槽半径大小、摩擦面形状以及摩擦副的摩擦系数对水润滑橡胶合金轴承的摩擦噪声有较大影响,而水槽的形状对轴承摩擦噪声的影响不大。对一定结构尺寸的水润滑橡胶合金轴承,水槽半径为4mm、平面型摩擦面的结构可以大大减少轴承出现摩擦噪声的可能性,相关实验结果与计算结果是吻合的。     

应用XFEM模拟研究钻杆裂纹扩展过程

钻杆裂纹扩展是一个典型的不连续问题,采用常规有限元方法难以实现裂纹扩展过程的仿真模拟,而扩展有限元法(XFEM)是近年来发展起来的分析断裂问题的一种有效方法。在介绍了扩展有限元法的基本原理的基础上,建立了基于XFEM的含不同深度初始裂纹的5in钻杆在拉力和扭矩共同作用下的裂纹扩展模型。通过钻杆裂纹扩展过程的分析后发现,钻杆的初始裂纹深度小于1mm时,裂纹不易扩展,但初始裂纹深度超过2mm时裂纹会在相对较低的外载荷下扩展,且扩展面较大并与初始裂纹面存在一定夹角,最终造成钻杆断裂失效。通过对钻杆裂纹的扩展过程仿真模拟,展示了XFEM在钻具断裂失效分析方面的独特优势,并为这方面的研究提供了一种新方法。     

91钨合金断裂行为研究

利用扫描电镜拉伸台,通过观察钨质量分数为91%,晶粒度不同的三种钨合金材料受载后裂纹生成、扩展的全过程和断口形貌,研究晶粒度对材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,晶粒度为1~3μm的钨合金表现为脆性沿晶断裂,裂纹沿着晶粒与晶粒之间的界面产生、扩展;晶粒度约为10~15μm的钨合金表现为脆性断裂,粘接相失效破坏,裂纹沿着晶粒与粘结相界面扩展;晶粒度约为30~40μm的钨合金表现为穿晶断裂,裂纹穿晶向前扩展。     

不同取向贝壳材料力学性能的压痕法研究

天然生物材料的组织结构特征及其与性能间的关系研究对于材料的仿生设计有重要意义.利用压痕法压研究了贝壳材料的硬度,断裂韧性及脆性指标,并结合SEM技术研究了贝壳珍珠层压痕形貌,探讨了珍珠层的增韧机制.结果表明,无论是珍珠层和还是柱状晶生长纹对其性能影响较小,珍珠层在平行于片层方向上与垂直于片层方向的性能差别较大,珍珠层明显的各向异性主要来自于其独特的组织特征.珍珠层其成分和独特的微观结构特点决定了其在应力场中是一种能量耗散结构,裂纹在扩展过程中,裂纹偏转,有机物桥联,纤维拔出等多种增韧机制在协同作用于材料韧性.     

K 4169合金铸件的常温疲劳断裂行为

摘要：
通过在某K4169合金精密大型熔模铸件本体典型承力结构处取样而进行常温疲劳试验,并结合疲劳断口的分析与凝固过程的温度场模拟,对其疲劳断裂机制进行探讨.结果表明,不同结构试样的疲劳寿命差异显著,其疲劳失效与微观疏松缺陷及其分布有关.早期的疲劳失效试样中存在大量的疏松缺陷,而疲劳性能较好的试样的疏松缺陷很少.当疏松缺陷较少时,疲劳裂纹主要沿晶间Laves相和碳化物扩展;当疏松缺陷较多时,裂纹主要经疏松缺陷而加速扩展并导致试样的早期失效.
关键词：
K4169合金; 疲劳断裂; 疏松缺陷; 模拟
中图分类号： TG 111.8
文献标志码： A     

基于红外成像技术的铝锂合金2198疲劳裂纹监测机制研究

红外成像技术提供了一种快速、非接触、全区域的表面温度监测手段。在超声疲劳试验中,大多数金属材料均具有明显的温度效应。将采用这种技术手段系统地对铝锂合金2198-T8材料在疲劳试验过程中的升温情况开展研究。结果表明,材料从试验开始到疲劳断裂现象的发生,试件表面温度通常要经历三个阶段:快速升温阶段、缓慢升温阶段和急剧升温阶段。快速升温阶段通常与施加应力的大小有关;施加应力和疲劳微裂纹萌生是缓慢升温阶段的主要影响因素;宏观裂纹的扩展以及裂纹面之间的碰撞和摩擦则可导致材料表面的急剧升温。验证了红外成像技术在探索疲劳失效规律问题上作为一种可靠技术手段的正确性。     

厚层激光熔覆层裂纹控制的综合实验研究与理论分析

采用5kW横流CWCO2激光器,对不同基体材料的核阀与石化高参数阀门密封面进行激光熔覆,所用合金粉为CoCrWB与NiCrFeBSi合金粉末.在研究解决了厚层单道熔覆裂纹问题基础上,得到了厚2～3.5mm,表面平整、无质量缺陷的激光熔覆层.结合激光熔覆阀门零件的试验研究,分析探讨了影响熔覆层,特别是厚层熔覆层裂纹形成的各种因素及其综合影响,提出了关于建立判断熔覆层裂纹形成的应力判据模型的思路.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-