Mn^＋注入GaAs中Ga—Mn二十面体准晶的形成

利用选区电子衍射及明暗场电子衍射成像技术，在Ｍｎ＾＋注入ＧａＡｓ及随后退火的样品表层发现有二十面体准晶颗粒形成。能谱及电子能量损失谱分析表明，这些粒子不含Ａｓ，由Ｇａ和Ｍｎ元素组成，约含５０ａｔ％的Ｍｎ；其结构具有五次对称性和非周期分布的电子衍射斑点，这些具有２／ｍ３５↑－对称性的ＧａＭｎ准晶粒子同具有闪锌矿结构的ＧａＡｓ基体之间具有确定的取向关系：ｉ－５↑－／／〔１１０〕ＧａＡｓ；ｉ－３↑－／／     

贮热材料四氯合金属酸(Ⅱ)二烷基铵固-固相变动力学

热致相变贮热材料四卤合金属酸(Ⅱ)二烷基铵具有层状钙钛矿结构,通过晶型有序-无序转变能可逆地固-固相变贮热. 合成了两种材料四氯合锰酸十二铵n-(C12H25NH3)2MnCl4和四氯合锰酸十四铵n-(C14H29NH3)2MnCl4,并在两种材料的乙醇溶液中结晶出一系列二元混合体系. 对纯组分及各个二元体系利用差示扫描量热(DSC)测定了热分析曲线,采用Kissinger和Ozawa两种动力学模型研究了材料的非等温固-固相变动力学,计算了固-固相变过程的活化能和反应级数. 两种方法的计算结果相一致. 随着C12Mn质量分数的增加,二元体系表观活化能Ea值呈波动变化. CnMn及二元体系的反应级数均接近于1.     

Unified spatial scaling of species and their trophic interactions

Two largely independent bodies of scaling theory address the quantitative relationships between habitat area, species diversity and trophic interactions. Spatial theory within macroecology addresses how species richness scales with area in landscapes, while typically ignoring interspecific interactions. Complexity theory within community ecology addresses how trophic links scale with species richness in food webs, while typically ignoring spatial considerations. Recent studies suggest unifying these theories by demonstrating how spatial patterns influence food-web structure and vice versa. Here, we follow this suggestion by developing and empirically testing a more unified scaling theory. On the basis of power-law species-area relationships, we develop link-area and non-power-law link-species models that accurately predict how trophic links scale with area and species richness of microcosms, lakes and streams from community to metacommunity levels. In contrast to previous models that assume that species richness alone determines the number of trophic links, these models include the species' spatial distribution, and hence extend the domain of complexity theory to metacommunity scales. This generality and predictive success shows how complexity theory and spatial theory can be unified into a much more general theory addressing new domains of ecology.     

空间点集Voronoi图的海量构造算法及可视化技术

设计空间点集Voronoi图的增量式外存算法以及空间点集Voronoi图的任意平面可视化剖分技术,以"点-线-面-体"的空间数据结构为基础,实现在指定空间区域内生成Voronoi图的新方法.提出的算法数据结构清晰合理,数据交互方案简单有效且无内存限制,发展的可视化技术可以对空间点集Voronoi图进行任意的平面剖分,实现了三维Voronoi晶胞集合体内部结构的可视化.     

属离子与镉卟啉络合物的置换反应分光光度法测定地下水中的Mn(Ⅱ)

研究了在咪唑存在下,meso-四(4-羧甲氧基苯)卟啉[TCMOPPH2]和Cd(Ⅱ)所形成的卟啉络合物Cd(Ⅱ)-TCMOPP与Mn(Ⅱ)间的置换反应.结果表明,在弱碱性介质(pH;8.O)中,室温条件下该反应能快速完成,且反应产物Mn(Ⅱ)-TCMOPP立即被水中的溶解氧氧化为Mn(Ⅲ)-TCMOPP卟啉络合物.其最大吸收波长在472.0nm.Mn(Ⅱ)的浓度在1.1～110.0,ng/mL范围内服从比尔定律,桑德尔灵敏度为0.5x10-3μg/cm2.该方法具有一定的选择性,应用于油田地下水中Mn(Ⅱ)的测定,结果满意.     

Mn_7C_3@C核壳型纳米粒子制备及其超级电容器电极特性

以甲烷作为碳源气体,块体锰作为原料,采用一种简单的直流电弧等离子体法成功制备了Mn_7C_3@C核壳型纳米粒子,用于高性能超级电容器的电极材料.所制备的Mn_7C_3@C核壳型纳米粒子平均直径为30~35nm.拉曼光谱结果显示石墨碳壳具有良好的导电性.通过循环伏安、恒电流充放电及电化学交流阻抗谱对Mn_7C_3@C核壳型纳米粒子电极材料进行电化学性能分析,结果表明其具有高比电容、快速充放电等优异的电化学性能.在扫描速率为1mV/s时,比电容最高可达185.8F/g.同时具有良好的循环稳定性,在100mV/s扫描速率下1 000次循环伏安测试后,比电容仍保持为最初的88%,与单纯Mn_7C_3(79%)相比,有明显提高.Mn_7C_3@C核壳型纳米粒子电极材料优异的电化学性能归因于其良好的核壳结构,富缺陷碳层具有良好的导电性,有助于离子的传输和结构的稳定,而内核Mn_7C_3主要产生赝电容,在C和Mn_7C_3的协同作用下产生双电层和赝电容双模式储能机制.     

激光辐照GaAs膜和GaAs多量子阱反射光强的观测

实验观测了Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光辐照不掺杂ＧａＡｓ膜和ＧａＡｓ多量子阱的反射光强，对比研究了实验的结果。     

Fluorescence study on the interactions of PAMAM dendrimers and their derivatives with bovine serum albumin

The interactions of amino-terminated, and ethylenediamine core poly（amidoamine） （PAMAM） dendrimers and their derivatives with bovine serum albumin （BSA） were investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. Experimental results showed that the fluorescence intensity of BSA decreased after the addition of different modified dendrimers, and the extent of the fluorescence quenching caused by various modified dendrimers strongly depends upon the different functional groups on their surfaces. We also investigated the influence of pH and ionic strength on the interaction between various modified dendrimers and BSA. Circular dichroism （CD） spectroscopic measurements showed that the content of α-helix structure of BSA decreased after the addition of different modified dendrimers, which indicated that dendrimers induced changes in the secondary structure of BSA.     

Bioleaching of chalcopyrite and bornite by moderately thermophilic bacteria: an emphasis on their interactions

Interactions between chalcopyrite and bornite during bioleaching by moderately thermophilic bacteria were investigated mainly by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and electrochemical measurements performed in conjunction with bioleaching experiments. The results showed that a synergistic effect existed between chalcopyrite and bornite during bioleaching by both Acidithiobacillus caldus and Leptospirillum ferriphilum and that extremely high copper extraction could be achieved when chalcopyrite and bornite coexisted in a bioleaching system. Bornite dissolved preferentially because of its lower corrosion potential, and its dissolution was accelerated by the galvanic current during the initial stage of bioleaching. The galvanic current and optimum redox potential of 390-480 m V vs. Ag/Ag Cl promoted the reduction of chalcopyrite to chalcocite(Cu2S), thus accelerating its dissolution.     

GaAs中杂质扩散机制

针对杂质在ＧａＡｓ中扩散机制这一基础研究和技术应用中急需解决的问题，主要介绍了应用广泛的ｎ型杂质Ｓｉ、Ｓｎ，ｐ型杂质Ｂｅ、Ｚｎ、Ｍｇ的几种可能扩散机制以及国际上有关这些杂质研究的进展情况，从目前的研究状况可以得出这样的结论：在ＧａＡｓ中，Ｂｅ、Ｚｎ、Ｍｇ等ｐ型杂质是以置换填隙机制扩散的，Ｓｉ、Ｓｎ等ｎ型杂质是以替位机制扩散的。     

Mn evaporation and denitrification behaviors of molten Mn steel in the vacuum refining with slag process

Considering the precise composition control on the vacuum refining of high-Mn steel, the behaviors of both Mn evaporation and nitrogen removal from molten Mn steel were investigated via vacuum slag refining in a vacuum induction furnace. It was found that the reaction interfaces of denitrification and Mn evaporation tend to migrate from the surface of slag layer to the surface of molten steel with the gradual exposure of molten steel during the vacuum slag refining process. Significantly, compared with the experimental group without slag addition, the addition of slag into steel can result in a lower Mn evaporation rate constant of 0.0192 cm·min~(-1) at 370 Pa, while the denitrification rate is almost not affected. Besides, the slag has a stronger inhibitory effect on Mn evaporation than the reduced vacuum pressure. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of the slag layer on Mn evaporation can be weakened with the increase of the initial Mn content in molten steel. The slag layer can work as an inhibitory layer to reduce the Mn evaporation from molten steel, the evaporation reaction of Mn mainly proceeds on the surface of the molten steel. This may be attributed to the Mn mass transfer coefficient for one of reaction at steel/slag interface, mass transfer in molten slag, and evaporation reaction at slag/gas interface is lower than that of evaporation reaction at steel/gas interface. The introduction of slag is proposed for both denitrification and manganese control during the vacuum refining process of Mn steels.     

MATLAB在数据可视化中的应用

在对MATLAB软件进行了简要介绍的基础上,说明了MATLAB绘图命令的分类及其应用特点。MATLAB在数据可视化中的应用主要体现在数据的二维曲线、三维曲线和曲面、四维切片图等方面,为教学及科研中数据的表现提供了强有力的工具。     

含锰钢液在真空有渣精炼过程中的锰蒸发和脱氮行为研究

Considering the precise composition control on the vacuum refining of high-Mn steel, the behaviors of both Mn evaporation and nitrogen removal from molten Mn steel were investigated via vacuum slag refining in a vacuum induction furnace. It was found that the reaction interfaces of denitrification and Mn evaporation tend to migrate from the surface of slag layer to the surface of molten steel with the gradual exposure of molten steel during the vacuum slag refining process. Significantly, compared with the experimental group without slag addition, the addition of slag into steel can result in a lower Mn evaporation rate constant of 0.0192 cm·min?1 at 370 Pa, while the denitrification rate is almost not affected. Besides, the slag has a stronger inhibitory effect on Mn evaporation than the reduced vacuum pressure. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of the slag layer on Mn evaporation can be weakened with the increase of the initial Mn content in molten steel. The slag layer can work as an inhibitory layer to reduce the Mn evaporation from molten steel, the evaporation reaction of Mn mainly proceeds on the surface of the molten steel. This may be attributed to the Mn mass transfer coefficient for one of reaction at steel/slag interface, mass transfer in molten slag, and evaporation reaction at slag/gas interface is lower than that of evaporation reaction at steel/gas interface. The introduction of slag is proposed for both denitrification and manganese control during the vacuum refining process of Mn steels.     

Preparation of MCM-41-supported chiral Salen Mn （Ⅲ） catalysts and their catalytic properties in the asymmetric epoxidation of olefins

A secondary amino-modified mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41 was obtained by reaction of bis(3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl)amine with MCM-41. The chiral Salen-Mn (III) complex was anchored onto the modified MCM-41 by a multi-step grafting method and two heterogenized catalysts with different Mn contents were obtained. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption, ICP, FT-IR and DR UV-Vis. Their catalysis on asymmetric epoxidation of several olefins was studied with NaClO and m-CPBA as oxidants respectively. It was found that both the activity and enantioselectivity of the cata- lysts decreased after the homogeneous catalyst was heterogenized. The reasons resulting in the de- crease of catalytic performance were discussed.     

First visualization of glutamate and GABA in neurones by immunocytochemistry

Immunocytochemical methods for peptides and serotonin have greatly advanced the study of neurones in which these substances are likely to be transmitters. Such direct techniques have not so far been available for the amino acid transmitter candidates. We report here the selective immunocytochemical visualization of the putative transmitters glutamate (Glu) and gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) by the use of antibodies raised against the amino acids coupled to bovine serum albumin (BSA) with glutaraldehyde (GA). The tissue localizations of Glu-like and GABA-like immunoreactivities (Glu-LI and GABA-LI) matched those of specific uptake sites for Glu and GABA, and, in the case of GABA-LI, also that of the specific marker enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). Thus, GABA-LI was located in what are believed to be GABAergic inhibitory neurones, whereas Glu-LI was concentrated in excitatory, possibly glutamatergic neurones. Preliminary electron microscopic observations suggest that the transmitter amino acids are significantly concentrated in synaptic vesicles.     

GaAs和ZnSe中极化子的压力效应

考虑电子发射和吸收多个虚声子对极化子的影响,计入压力效应,采用改进的线性组合算符法讨论极性晶体中的~族GaAs和~族ZnSe极化子的性质.在中间耦合极限下,数值计算得到了这两种极化子的耦合常数、自陷能、有效质量和围绕电子的平均虚声子数随外加压力的变化关系.结果表明:压力对~族材料的影响比较大.     

土壤与气候及其互作对湖南三大烟区烤烟烟碱含量的影响

在统一栽培措施前提下,于2007年分别在湖南湘西北、湘中与湘南三大烟区代表产区桑植县、浏阳市、永州市同时进行大田本土正常栽培、客土与本土同时盆栽烤烟K326试验,分别检测成熟期各处理中部杀青烟叶的烟碱含量,统计分析土壤与气候及其互作对湖南三大烟区烤烟烟碱含量的影响.结果表明:湖南三大烟区大田正常栽培烤烟的烟碱平均含量存...