Internal structure of a cold dark molecular cloud inferred from the extinction of background starlight

Stars and planets form within dark molecular clouds, but little is understood about the internal structure of these clouds, and consequently about the initial conditions that give rise to star and planet formation. The clouds are primarily composed of molecular hydrogen, which is virtually inaccessible to direct observation. But the clouds also contain dust, which is well mixed with the gas and which has well understood effects on the transmission of light. Here we use sensitive near-infrared measurements of the light from background stars as it is absorbed and scattered by trace amounts of dust to probe the internal structure of the dark cloud Barnard 68 with unprecedented detail. We find the cloud's density structure to be very well described by the equations for a pressure-confined, self-gravitating isothermal sphere that is critically stable according to the Bonnor-Ebert criteria. As a result we can precisely specify the physical conditions inside a dark cloud on the verge of collapse to form a star.     

Discovery of molecular hydrogen in a high-velocity cloud of the Galactic halo

The Milky Way's halo contains clouds of neutral hydrogen with high radial velocities which do not follow the general rotational motion of the Galaxy. Few distances to these high-velocity clouds are known, so even gross properties such as total mass are hard to determine. As a consequence, there is no generally accepted theory regarding their origin. One idea is that they result from gas that has cooled after being ejected from the Galaxy through fountain-like flows powered by supernovae; another is that they are composed of gas, poor in heavy elements, which is falling onto the disk of the Milky Way from intergalactic space. The presence of molecular hydrogen, whose formation generally requires the presence of dust (and therefore gas, enriched in heavy elements), could help to distinguish between these possibilities. Here we report the discovery of molecular hydrogen absorption in a high-velocity cloud along the line of sight to the Large Magellanic Cloud. We also derive for the same cloud an iron abundance which is half of the solar value. From these data, we conclude that gas in this cloud originated in the disk of the Milky Way.     

光照和黑暗条件下西北黄芪幼苗对低温的反应

在光照和黑暗条件下,研究了低温对西北黄芪幼苗生理特性的影响。结果表明：低温条件下,叶片中相对电导率增大,膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量增高,叶绿素含量降低,SOD活性上升;光照下低温处理比黑暗中低温处理变化更为显著。     

煤层低伤害氮气泡沫压裂液研究

随着煤层气开发规模不断扩大,在煤层压裂增产过程中压裂液滤失量高、地层伤害严重、返排困难且压裂效果差等问题不断凸显。结合煤层气储层物性,研制低伤害氮气泡沫压裂液体系,即0.5%YSJ杀菌剂+1%FP-1复合起泡剂+2%KCl防膨剂+N2。对该氮气泡沫压裂液体系进行滤失试验和分散试验研究。结果表明:该泡沫压裂液体系起泡及稳泡性能良好,耐剪切能力强,携砂能力强;泡沫和气液两相滤饼的封堵作用可以明显降低压裂液的滤失量,并且氮气可以增强压裂液的返排能力;压裂液体系中的表面活性剂可以降低煤粉与水相的界面张力,提高压裂液对煤粉的分散能力;相对于常规压裂液体系,氮气泡沫压裂液体系对煤层气岩心的伤害较小。     

Tricine-SDS-PAGE电泳分析小分子多肽

研究旨在解决常规SDS－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（PAGE）对一些小分子多肽进行电泳分析过程中极易扩散丢失，常无着色带显示等问题。实验采用不同类型胶来电泳分析低分子量多肽，比较Tricine-SDS-PAGE电泳分析小分子多肽时的聚丙烯酰胺浓度和交联度，为小分子多肽的分析与鉴定提供快速准确的条件。     

物联网环境下负载均衡的低代价云存储数据副本分布

为满足物联网终端结点移动性和数据访问实时性要求,根据云存储中副本分布与访问的模式,提出结合数据访问点位置和访问频率,具有低访问代价的存储服务器选取方法.考虑负载对访问代价的影响,通过动态更新代价矩阵,提出负载均衡机制.研究结果表明:该方法在最少副本数目的前提下,将副本分配到与访问情况相适应的具有较低访问代价的存储服务器上,可有效减少数据访问开销,并避免副本集中分布,保证各存储服务器的负载均衡,更适合于物联网环境中云存储数据管理.     

The alignment of molecular cloud magnetic fields with the spiral arms in M33

The formation of molecular clouds, which serve as stellar nurseries in galaxies, is poorly understood. A class of cloud formation models suggests that a large-scale galactic magnetic field is irrelevant at the scale of individual clouds, because the turbulence and rotation of a cloud may randomize the orientation of its magnetic field. Alternatively, galactic fields could be strong enough to impose their direction upon individual clouds, thereby regulating cloud accumulation and fragmentation, and affecting the rate and efficiency of star formation. Our location in the disk of the Galaxy makes an assessment of the situation difficult. Here we report observations of the magnetic field orientation of six giant molecular cloud complexes in the nearby, almost face-on, galaxy M33. The fields are aligned with the spiral arms, suggesting that the large-scale field in M33 anchors the clouds.     

低温下SRT对SMBR脱氮效果的影响研究

利用一体式膜生物反应器(SMBR),考察低温下SRT对SMBR系统脱氮效果的影响.控制DO为0.5 mg/L,pH值为6.5～7.5,HRT为2 h,MLSS为7 000～8 000 mg/L的条件下,取温度为16℃和12℃作对比.结果表明,SRT为30 d时,SMBR内取得了理想的SND效果,温度为16℃时,TN和NH3—N的平均去除率分别为93.63%和95.66%.温度为12℃时,TN和NH3—N的平均去除率分别为92.5%和94.3%.控制较好的运行条件,低温条件下系统的脱氮效果与中温时相差不大,均保持在90%以上,出水质量浓度较低.在两种温度条件下,随着SRT的延长,系统的脱氮效果均变差,去除率下降,表明实际工程中,SRT并不是越长越好.     

A cloud of laser cooled 40Ca+ in a linear ion trap

A cloud of ⁴⁰Ca⁺ is successfully trapped and cooled using the radiation of a red-detuned 397 nm laser beam and a resonant 866 nm laser beam in our prototype linear ion trap, which was designed and constructed for studying quantum information processing. We have characterized the size of the ion cloud, estimating the temperature to be in the order of milli-Kelvins.     

Presence of a low molecular weight endogenous inhibitor on 3H-muscimol binding in synaptic membranes

The specific binding of 3H-muscimol to synaptic membrane preparations obtained from the rate brain has been though to reflect the association of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a potential candidate as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), with its synaptic receptors. Treatment of synaptic membranes with Triton X-100 significantly increases the specific binding of 3H-muscimol. Several reports also indicate the presence of endogenous substances, such as GABA, acidic protein and phosphatidylethanolamine, which inhibit Na-independent binding of 3H-GABA in the synaptic membranous fractions from the rat brain. We report here that in the supernatant obtained from Triton-treated synaptic membranes there exists a new type of endogenous inhibitor of 3H-muscimol binding which is apparently different from the inhibitory substances described previously. The new inhibitor has a low molecular weight (MW) and probably originated from neurones rather than glial cells. We have termed this endogenous inhibitor the GABA receptor binding inhibitory factor (GRIF).