基于ROS的无人机仿真开放性实验教学设计与实现

该文基于机器人操作系统(ROS)仿真环境提出一种开放性的无人机仿真实验教学方案,通过ROS集成的可视化功能,利用Kinect等设备获取环境信息、搭建无人机动力学模型和三维可视化模型,设计三维环境航迹规划算法,并通过动态演示技术,实现ROS环境下的无人机航迹规划动态演示,使学生能够从开放性试验中实现无人机的运动控制、航迹规划和可视化编程等技术。基于ROS的无人机仿真实验是运动控制、规划算法、可视化编程等技术的一种典型的综合性应用,有助于学生深入学习无人机的原理和航迹规划方法。教学实践证明开放性教学方案在教学实践中取得较满意的效果。     

基于改进蚁群算法的无人机航迹规划

针对无人机在指定地点执行侦察、 巡逻或攻击等任务, 将无人机执行任务的航迹代价模型转化为旅行商问题, 采用改进蚁群算法实现航迹规划。通过引入去交叉禁忌搜索策略, 对基本蚁群算法进行改进, 以解决在收敛后期易陷入局部最优的问题。同时, 利用数值仿真对所研究的基于改进蚁群算法的无人机航迹规划算法进行验证。仿真结果表明, 该算法能提高了无人机航迹优化能力。     

基于改进粒子群算法的目标航迹模拟及RCS仿真

针对雷达运动目标轨迹模拟逼真度问题和RCS特征,提出一种基于嵌入式粒子算法的目标航迹模拟和RCS仿真方法。首先,分析了无人机模拟运动目标航迹的基本原理,以及无人机和模拟目标之间的运动模型和耦合关系,确定了耦合因子和控制量。然后,分析了目标运动轨迹模拟的约束条件,并结合无人机性能和能耗等因素给出了目标优化适应度函数,建立了目标航迹模拟的最优控制模型。其次,为提高模型解算的针对性和实用性,将粒子群算法进行改进,并嵌入到模型求解中,实现了对目标航迹的有效模拟。最后,基于模拟目标航迹,利用飞行动力学原理和坐标系转换计算得到模拟飞行目标的姿态角,通过电磁计算软件仿真得到模拟飞行目标的RCS。仿真结果表明,该方法对实现运动目标轨迹模拟和RCS仿真具有广泛适用性。     

复杂动态环境下基于DMPC-PSO的多无人机在线航迹规划

本文采用"有限集中指挥-分布式自主协调"的控制结构,研究多无人机协同低空突防航迹规划,对战场环境信息部分已知的情况,提出了多无人机航迹"预规划-在线轨迹跟踪"的模式,采用分布式模型预测控制和粒子群优化(DMPC-PSO)算法对多无人机的航迹进行预测和优化.仿真结果表明:利用该方法规划的多无人机的航迹不仅要满足低空突防的要求,具有良好的地形跟随、地形回避、威胁回避性能,更具有高的实时性与环境适应性,能在复杂战场环境发生变化时,及时在线调整以满足无人机安全、航迹最优等性能的要求.     

基于MPC-PSO的无人机在线航迹规划

研究了无人机在战场环境部分已知突然出现动态威胁情况下的三维在线航迹规划问题.采用"预规划-在线轨迹跟踪"的模式,根据已知的环境信息,离线规划出UAV的参考航迹.然后UAV在飞行过程中,需要在跟踪参考航迹的基础上,对UAV未来一段航迹进行预测,然后利用粒子群算法优化出UAV的最优(或次优)的飞行航迹.与传统的在线规划方法粒子群和稀疏A*搜索算法相比,该方法有效地提高了规划航迹的可行性和实时性,降低了算法的复杂度.仿真表明该算法是一种有效的无人机路径规划算法.     

动态步长BI-RRT的无人机航迹规划算法

为解决传统RRT算法收敛速度慢、生成的航径距离过长等问题,提出动态步长BI-RRT算法。首先,采用引向目标的采样策略对空间进行探索以得到采样点,利用动态步长策略确定该采样点的增长步长以确定新节点;之后,通过树枝裁剪策略对新节点进行调整,当探索到目标节点时,算法返回初始航迹,对于初始航迹,应用贪心算法对航迹点进行筛选,以减少无人机(UAV)的无效节点与总航迹长度;最后,利用B样条进行平滑处理,得到一条可行航迹。搭建了二维和三维环境下的仿真地图模型,验证了该算法在保证无人机避障的基础上获得一条有效航迹。动态步长BI-RRT算法在无人机航迹规划方面不仅有实时性强、航迹光滑的优点,而且与分段优化RRT算法相比,在优化航迹节点个数的前提下,提高了收敛速度且降低了航迹距离。     

基于改进MOGOA的无人机群航迹规划研究

针对电子侦察系统中反辐射无人机群进行辐射源无源定位时机群的编队形式会对定位精度产生影响的问题,将克拉美-罗界(Cramer-Rao lower bound,CRLB)作为定位精度方面的优化目标,与其他优化目标、约束一起引入机群的航迹规划中,使无人机群运动过程中保持良好编队,确保无源定位精度.文中针对多优化目标复杂环境中航迹规划算法寻优能力不高的问题,提出了一种基于改进多目标蝗虫算法(IMOGOA)的无人机群3维航迹规划方法,通过对MOGOA的选择方式、收敛参数进行改进从而提高算法的收敛性能以及全局搜索性能.首先,建立无人机群航迹规划的运动学模型,并引入距离约束,除定位精度以外还引入了路程、威胁代价等作为航迹规划的优化目标函数,然后,对改进多目标蝗虫算法进行详细说明,最后设计基于IMOGOA的无人机群航迹规划方案的算法流程,并在设定场景中对该算法的性能进行了仿真分析.结果表明,所提出的IMOGOA能够成功地规划出无人机群从初始位置到辐射源位置处的3维航迹,同时使无人机群在运动过程中保持良好的定位精度,经IMOGOA规划的机群编队定位精度最高可达1.2%,性能明显优于正方形编队和随机编队,并通过将IMOGOA与原始蝗虫算法(GOA)、原始多目标蝗虫算法进行对比,结果表明IMOGOA的收敛速度比MOGOA快11.1%,搜索性能相较GOA提升13.8%.     

船舶航迹保持的神经网络控制器研究

提出一种船舶航迹保持在线神经网络控制器。该控制器能解决精确的船舶动态模型难以建立的问题,能用舵角同时控制航迹偏差和航向偏差,能通过对控制精度的直接计算来自动地在线训练学习而不需离线训练学习过程。计算机仿真结果表明了该控制器训练方法的有效性和控制的鲁棒性。     

无侧滑角传感器的飞翼无人机抗侧风控制方法

飞翼布局无人机(UAV)由于缺少垂直尾翼的安定作用,航向通道不稳定或具有弱稳定性,侧风条件下容易引起侧滑,影响航迹跟踪精度。针对一种没有安装侧滑角传感器的小型飞翼无人机,根据惯性器件测量数据和无人机气动参数,使用扩展Kalman滤波方法估计无人机的侧滑角大小并控制消除侧滑。在抑制侧滑的条件下,推导建立了无人机航迹跟踪侧向运动的非线性模型,利用反馈线性化方法,将运动模型转化为带有扰动的线性模型,进而引入虚拟控制变量,使用保性能H∞鲁棒控制器设计方法,优化得到航迹跟踪反馈控制参数。仿真结果表明:该方法能够估计并有效抑制侧风条件下飞翼无人机侧滑等干扰,实现航迹的精确跟踪。     

基于动态加权A*算法的无人机航迹规划

随着无人机航迹规划高维空间的扩展,无人机的飞行环境变得异常复杂,其外部威胁不再是简单的二维静态威胁,传统的蚁群算法和人工势场算法已经不能满足实时性和高复杂环境的要求。为解决上述问题,提出新的基于动态加权A^*算法的无人机航迹规划。首先对无人机的飞行环境进行建模,通过研究航迹规划的转弯半径、航迹段长度和最大航程限制等约束条件,用于保证无人机的安全飞行,从而降低坠机率和威胁概率;其次,通过研究无人机的航迹和外部威胁参数,设计出新的航行方式,降低航行危险和减少损失;然后,通过扩展顶点势能定位和网格图整体变化的动态权重,获得动态环境下的代价函数,增加避障搜索速度、精度和加深回避程度。最后,通过仿真结果表明,在同一应用环境下,所提算法与蚁群算法和人工势场算法相比,航迹路径最优、威胁代价最小和算法执行的时间最短。综上,基于动态加权A^*算法很好地应用于无人机航迹规划,降低了无人机航迹代价,缩短了算法完成时间,提高了复杂环境下无人机航迹规划的搜索速度和精度。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with