Sintering study of Ti6Al4V powders with different particle sizes and their mechanical properties

Ti6Al4V powders with three different particle size distributions (0-20, 20-45, and 45-75 μm) were used to evaluate the effect of the particle size distribution on the solid-state sintering and their mechanical properties. The sintering kinetics was determined by dilatometry at temperatures from 900 to 1260℃. The mechanical properties of the sintered samples were evaluated by microhardness and compression tests. The sintering kinetics indicated that the predominant mechanism depends on the relative density irrespective of the particle size used. The mechanical properties of the sintered samples are adversely affected by increasing pore volume fraction. The elastic Young's modulus and yield stress follow a power law function of the relative density. The fracture behavior after compression is linked to the neck size developed during sintering, exhibiting two different mechanisms of failure:interparticle neck breaking and intergranular cracking in samples with relative densities below and above of 90%, respectively. The main conclusion is that relative density is responsible for the kinetics, mechanical properties, and failure behavior of Ti6Al4V powders.     

射频等离子体制备球形Ti—6Al—4V粉末性能表征

以不规则形状的Ti—6Al—4V(TC4)粉末为原料,通过射频等离子体球化处理制备了球形TC4粉末,并研究了球化处理对粉末特性及加料速率对粉末球化率的影响.利用扫描电子显微镜、激光粒度分析和霍尔流速计分别对其粉末微观结构、粒度分布和粉体性能进行了测试和分析.结果表明:TC4粉末经等离子球化处理后得到表面光滑、球形度好及球化率可达到100%的球形粉末;球化处理后,粉末的松装密度、振实密度和粉末流动性得到明显改善,粒度略微增大;随着加料速率的增加,TC4粉的球化率逐渐降低.     

Ti6A14V 高效切削加工中绝热剪切带内微观组织演变及其形成机制

为了给钛合金的切削加工工艺制定提供参考,对Ti6A14V高效切削加工中绝热剪切带内微观组织演变及其形成机制进行研究。将Ti6Al4V看作切削材料,在不同情况下完成切削,选择有代表性的切屑当成制作金相的样本,给出切削实验工艺参数。选用蔡司金相显微镜对金相组织进行观察,通过Digimizer对锯齿金相的齿距、自由表面、带倾角和带宽进行测量,以体现锯齿化程度。针对金相样本,通过绝热剪切带内微观组织演变方法研究了切削速度和刀具前角对切屑的影响,以及进给速度对锯齿成形的影响,分析了Ti6Al4V切削形成机制。结果表明,在切削速度与进给速度逐渐增加,刀具前角从正值变化至负值的情况下,Ti6Al4V切削锯齿化程度增强;在切削速度、进给速度增加,刀具前角降低的情况下,绝热剪切程度增强;Ti6Al4V切削形成符合热（粘）塑性失稳机制。     

Mechanisms of two-stage martensitic transformation in Ti-Ni-Hf alloy powder

The Ti-Ni-Hf shape memory alloy powders were prepared by plasma rotating electrode process. And the powders were featured with the perfect sphericity and smooth surface. Moreover, the grain size was refined in the Ti-Ni-Hf alloy powders due to the rapid cooling rate during plasma rotating electrode process. It was found that the Ti-Ni-Hf alloy powders had the typical self-accommodation configuration including spear-like, mosaic-like and lath-like martensite. Various twins, such as (001) compound twin, (011) type I twin as well as {111} type I twin, were observed in Ti-Ni-Hf alloy powders. Differing from the bulk Ti-Ni-Hf alloy, two-stage transformation corresponding to B2⇌B19’ martensitic transformation was detected in the as-received Ti-Ni-Hf alloy powders. In addition, the martensitic transformation behaviors were closely related to the annealing temperatures. The Ti-Ni-Hf alloy powders with low annealing temperature of 500 ​°C still exhibited two-stage martensitic transformation, while two-stage martensitic transformation changed into single martensitic transformation in the Ti-Ni-Hf alloy powders with the higher annealing temperature of 900 ​°C. And finally the possible mechanisms for the evolution of martensitic transformation behaviors were discussed.     

铝超微粒子的粒径分布及其与熔点的关系

利用透射电子显微镜观察热蒸镀法制备的铝超微粒子的形状呈杆状,其纵向粒径分布呈对数正态分布、横向粒径分布呈算术正态分布,纵、横向粒径的比值分布呈对数正态分布;当粒径在9.0～53.4nm之间时,其熔点为580℃,熔点降低80℃.     

TiB_2粒子增强Ti-Al基复合材料的合成机理

采用Ti、Al和B元素粉末,经燃烧反应合成了TiB_2粒子增强的Ti Al金属间化合物基复合材料,并用DSC、EMPA和XRD等方法研究了其合成机理。结果发现,Ti和Al粉末间的放热反应促进了 TiB_2粒子的形成,所形成的 TiB_2粒子的尺寸约为2μm。将所得复合材料重熔后,TiB_2粒子的尺寸、相对含量和形貌没有明显变化,并且其显微组织比铸态Ti Al基合金组织明显细化。     

纳米ZnO电极的制备及光电催化降解苯酚的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米ZnO粉体,通过X射线衍射和透射电镜研究了纳米ZnO粉体的结构和形貌。XRD和TEM测试表明,所制备的ZnO粉体,具有六方晶系纤锌矿结构,晶粒平均线性粒径约为30 nm。以涂覆法制备纳米ZnO电极,考察外加电压、电极间距离和支持电解质浓度对苯酚降解率的影响。结果表明:在室温(20℃)下,外加电压2.0 V、电极间距离为0.60 cm、支持电解质Na2SO4的浓度为0.070 mol/L时,苯酚的降解率可达70%。动力学研究表明,苯酚降解反应为一级反应。     

Ag-HA膜的结晶状况对其抗菌性能的影响

以离子束增强沉积(IBAD)镀膜方法,在Ti6AL4V骨植入材料上镀羟基磷灰石(HA)膜.将镀HA的Ti6AL4V在室温下置入100ppm的AgNO3溶液中浸泡48小时,银离子通过离子交换过程进入HA膜.含银的HA(Ag-HA)膜具有抗大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的能力.经研究发现,晶态Ag-HA膜抗菌性能颇佳,与此相反,在非晶态的磷酸钙上细菌生长良好.结晶状况对其抗菌性能有重要影响.结晶较好的HA膜有利于Ag+与晶态HA中的Ca2+进行离子交换而进入HA膜,在一定条件下Ag+从晶格中释放出来,起到抗菌作用.     

花状Sr3Al2O6：Eu^2＋晶体的干燥方式与发光性能

为研究稀土发光纳米晶的微观结构和形貌对发光性能的影响,用凝胶-微波干燥法和凝胶-烘箱干燥法制备了花状形貌的Sr3Al2O6晶体．研究了微波干燥和烘箱干燥两种不同的干燥方式对溶胶-凝胶法制备的Sr3Al2O6：Eu^2＋发光粉体粒径、形貌、团聚程度、干燥时间及发光性能等的影响,结果表明采用微波干燥不仅可以大大缩短干燥所需时间,而且有利于减弱Sr3Al2O6：Eu^2＋发光粉料的团聚和团聚程度,制得了颗粒分散均匀、团聚程度低、发光强度高的Sr3Al2O6：Eu^2＋花状形貌粉体．研究了Sr3Al2O6：Eu^2＋发光粉体的新型形貌对发光性能的影响,微波干燥法制备的均匀分散的花状形貌发光粉体发光强度高,余辉时间长达20min．     

钛合金Ti6Al4V铣削加工过程阻尼模型稳定性预报

钛合金的导热系数小、化学亲和性大,易与摩擦表面产生黏附现象,在加工过程中容易产生变形,导致切削力的波动,引起系统的振动.针对这种难加工材料,往往采取低速切削.在低速加工过程中,刀具与工件加工表面之间产生的过程阻尼对系统的稳定性影响尤为显著.以钛合金Ti6Al4V为研究对象,进行铣削加工实验,以基于摩擦颤振原理的过程阻尼模型为动力系统模型,给出其稳定性分析的全离散预报方法,得到的稳定性Lobe图与加工实验数据相吻合,有效地预报了钛合金Ti6Al4V在低切削速度条件下的加工稳定性,可以减少刀具磨损,提高加工质量.     

EIGA法制备激光3D打印用TC4合金粉末

采用电极感应熔炼气雾化法(EIGA)制备激光3D打印用TC4合金粉末,研究了雾化气压对粉末收得率、粒径、粉末形貌、松装密度、流动性及空心球率等特征的影响.结果表明:随着雾化气压的增加,粉末收得率、球形度增加,而粉末平均粒径减小.雾化气压为6.0MPa时,粉末收得率超过50%,平均粒径小于100μm,松装密度为2.950 g/cm~3,流动性为2.242 g/s,空心球率低于3%.雾化气压为7.0 MPa时,非球形缺陷粉末和空心球率增加.对比雾化气压为6.0 MPa制备的不同粒径粉末,以及激光3D打印后的拉伸曲线与断口形貌,发现50~100μm粉末打印TC4合金的抗拉强度达907.7 MPa,延伸率最大达15.3%,具有良好的强韧性.     

直接沉淀法制备纳米钛酸钡粉体的表征与介电性能

文中采用直接沉淀法以四氯化钛和氯化钡溶液为钛源和钡源,并以NaOH溶液为沉淀剂一步合成了纳米BaTiO₃粉体,并对所得粉体的形貌、颗粒尺寸及分布、杂质含量、Ba与Ti摩尔比和介电特性进行了分析与测试。实验结果表明:所得BaTiO₃粉体的形貌为球形,具有立方相晶体结构,其平均颗粒尺寸约为60nm,并且颗粒尺寸分布均匀;粉体的Ba与Ti摩尔比为(1.000±0.005),杂质含量小于电子工业行业标准;粉体经过干压成型后在1250℃烧结,所得钛酸钡陶瓷的相对密度达到95%,晶粒尺寸约为1.2 μm ,室温介电常数达到2836。     

4-甲基吡啶在Ti/nanoTiO2-Pt电极上的电催化氧化

采用溶胶-凝胶和扫描电沉积法制备Ti基纳米TiO2-Pt(Ti/nanoTiO2-Pt)膜电极,Pt纳米粒子的平均粒径约为25nm.在离子液体+DMF(体积比为1:1)的混合溶剂中,通过循环伏安和计时电流法研究表明, Ti/nanoTiO2-Pt修饰电极对4-甲基吡啶(4-MP)的氧化具有高催化活性,同时讨论了4-甲基吡啶电催化氧化的机理.     

Al-Ti-C体系自蔓延高温合成TiC的形态演变

利用真空自蔓延加热-加压装置,采用X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)及能谱(energy dispersive spectrum,EDS)等分析测试手段,研究了Al含量、粉末粒度及C/Ti(原子比,下同)对Al-Ti-C体系自蔓延点燃温度、产物相组成及TiC形态的影响。结果表明,Al含量对TiC的尺寸影响最大,随着Al含量由20%(质量分数,下同)增加到50%时,TiC颗粒的尺寸由3～5μm减小到0.7～0.8μm。C粉粒度和C/Ti对TiC的形貌影响最大,当C粉粒度小于75μm或C/Ti≥1时,TiC的形貌为近球形;然而当C粉粒度不小于75μm或C/Ti1时,TiC的形貌为八面体。     

Plasma Electrolysis for Titanium Modification Technique

In the present work, the wear behaviour of coatings produced on Ti -6Al -4V alloy by plasma electrolysis oxidation method was studied. The wear resistances of the coatings with different thickness were contrasted. The wear tests were performed using a pin -on -disc wear machine under dry sliding conditions. The coated samples demonstrated wear rates up to 5-12 times lower than that of the uncoated substrates tested.     

Application of a water cooling treatment and its effect on coal-based reduction of high-chromium vanadium and titanium iron ore

A water cooling treatment was applied in the coal-based reduction of high-chromium vanadium and titanium (V–Ti–Cr) iron ore from the Hongge region of Panzhihua, China. Its effects on the metallization ratio (η), S removal ratio (R_S), and P removal ratio (R_P) were studied and analyzed on the basis of chemical composition determined via inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. The metallic iron particle size and the element distribution of Fe, V, Cr, and Ti in a reduced briquette after water cooling treatment at 1350°C were determined and observed via scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the water cooling treatment improved the η, R_S, and R_P in the coal-based reduction of V–Ti–Cr iron ore compared to those obtained with a furnace cooling treatment. Meanwhile, the particle size of metallic iron obtained via the water cooling treatment was smaller than that of metallic iron obtained via the furnace cooling treatment; however, the particle size reached 70 μm at 1350°C, which is substantially larger than the minimum particle size required (20 μm) for magnetic separation. Therefore, the water cooling treatment described in this work is a good method for improving the quality of metallic iron in coal-based reduction and it could be applied in the coal-based reduction of V–Ti–Cr iron ore followed by magnetic separation.     

丝直径和长度对电爆铜丝制备超细粉的影响

提出一种电爆金属丝制备超细粉的新方法,金属丝不与电极接触而是在高压电场中爆炸形成超细粉.研制试验装置,电爆不同直径和长度的铜丝,并获得超细粉末.在扫描电镜下观察粉末形貌,结果显示,粉末颗粒为圆球状,多数处于纳米级,且分散良好.采用对数正态分布算法分析粉末粒度分布.结果表明,粉末的粒度分布集中,平均粒径较小.进一步研究发现,铜丝直径越小,电爆制备的粉末中位径就越低、粒度分布越窄;电极间距一定时电爆长度适中的铜丝,可获得中位径小、粒度分布窄的纳米粉.     

电泳沉积羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷涂层的研究

用异丙醇作为分散介质，对电泳沉积羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷涂层进行了系统研究，经过制备稳定的悬浮液、电泳沉积，高温烧结等过程，在Ti6A14V合金上得到表面均匀的羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷涂层，用X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）等技术对羟基磷灰石颗粒的物相和沉积层的表面进行了表征，研究了电泳时间与电泳沉积量和电流密度，电泳沉积量和电泳电压之间的相互关系，并讨论了这些实验参数对电泳沉积过程的影响。     

低品位氧化锌矿湿法浸取制备纳米氧化锌

以低品位氧化锌矿为原料,通过酸浸、净化除杂得到纯净的硫酸锌溶液.以碳酸氢铵为沉淀剂,采用直接沉淀法制备纳米氧化锌粉体.考察了碳酸氢铵和硫酸锌的物质的量之比、反应温度、反应时间、前驱体碱式碳酸锌的热分解温度及时间对纳米氧化锌粒径大小及锌沉淀率或产品纯度的影响.采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜等对产品的粒径及晶型结构进行检测.结果表明,所得产品为六方晶系氧化锌,形貌为球状,平均粒径为40 nm,ZnO质量分数达到97.5%.所设计工艺可得到技术指标达到GB/T 19589-2004 国家标准中纳米氧化锌粉体要求,且操作简便易行,易于工业化生产.     

Al—12Ti机械合金化过程的结构演变

采用三种不同类型的球磨机对高Ａｌ含量的Ａｌ－Ｔｉ元素进行球磨试验，研究了其结构演变的特点和影响因素．Ａｌ－Ｔｉ混合粉末在高能球磨过程中的结构演变与球磨输入能量有很大关系，输入能量高的球磨方式能导致Ｔｉ完全过饱和固溶于Ａｌ中，甚至形成部分非晶相和Ｌｌ２有序相；中等输入能量只能形成过饱和固溶体，不能形成非晶相；输入能量较低则不能使Ｔｉ完全溶于Ａｌ．球磨输入能量还对最终球磨态粉末的畸变程度和晶粒大小有重要作用，输入能量高的球磨机制备的机械合金化粉末的畸变明显高于另外两种球磨机制备的粉末，且晶粒更细．高的畸变和细的晶粒可能是促进部分非晶化的原因之一．