添加或未添加 Cu?Nb 的超低碳高强度钢焊接金属的显微组织和力学性能

Two types of ultralow carbon steel weld metals (with and without added Cu?Nb) were prepared using gas metal arc welding (GMAW) to investigate the correlation between the microstructure and mechanical properties of weld metals. The results of microstructure characterization showed that the weld metal without Cu?Nb was mainly composed of acicular ferrite (AF), lath bainite (LB), and granular bainite (GB). In contrast, adding Cu?Nb to the weld metal caused an evident transformation of martensite and grain coarsening. Both weld metals had a high tensile strength (more than 950 MPa) and more than 17% elongation; however, their values of toughness deviated greatly, with a difference of approximately 40 J at ?50°C. Analysis of the morphologies of the fracture surfaces and secondary cracks further revealed the correlation between the microstructure and mechanical properties. The effects of adding Cu and Nb on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the weld metal are discussed; the indication is that adding Cu?Nb increases the hardenability and grain size of the weld metal and thus deteriorates the toughness.     

HRB500E高强度抗震钢筋焊接性能

国内某厂通过铌微合金化和控冷工艺开发试制HRB500E高强度抗震钢筋,采用金相显微镜、维氏硬度计、闪光焊接、疲劳试验机及力学性能测试,对HRB500E钢筋焊接样力学性能、HV5硬度、金相显微组织、焊接接头强度及疲劳强度进行了试验研究。结果表明:焊接前后焊件和母材强度变化小于5 MPa,强度变化不大,焊件拉伸断口远离焊缝,为延性断口,焊接性能良好;在焊接热循环作用下,焊接接头焊缝、热影响粗晶区、热影响细晶区的表层和芯部经历奥氏体化后再结晶,其组织和硬度变化不大;混晶区至母材表层和芯部则经历不完全奥氏体化后的再结晶,母材芯部组织为F+P+B、表层组织为S,表层硬度HV5高于芯部硬度30 HV5,其组织和硬度变化较大;焊接接头的抗拉断负荷从焊缝到混晶区逐渐减小,焊缝和热影响粗晶区的抗拉断负荷比母材的高;采用国际焊接学会推荐的FAT75疲劳设计曲线对钢筋焊接接头疲劳强度设计是安全的。     

X80管线钢焊接粗晶区组织与韧性的研究

X80钢经焊接热模拟后粗晶区组织明显粗化，韧性显著下降．低碳时在粗晶区中的贝氏体铁素体板条间形成的硬而脆的Fe3C是恶化粗晶区韧性的主要原因．超低碳时在粗晶区中形成的马氏体-奥氏体(M-A)组元的含量比低碳时少，M-A组元中残余奥氏体所占的比例大，由于马氏体中偏聚的碳含量低，因而其塑性好，同时因超低碳抑制了Fe3C碳化物的形成而改善了粗晶区的韧性．     

焊接热输入对低合金高强钢焊缝组织和韧性的影响

摘要： 针对海上钻井平台桩腿用厚板低合金高强钢Q690E,研究不同焊接热输入对接头焊缝显微组织及冲击韧性的影响.结果表明,当热输入从1.376 MJ/m提高到2.248 MJ/m时,焊缝区冲击韧性先升高再降低.当焊接热输入为1.56 MJ/m时,焊缝区微观组织以针状铁素体为主,低温韧性最好;采用小电流低速焊焊缝区组织更加均匀,冲击断口韧窝区所占比例更大,低温韧性更高;在热输入相同的条件下,单丝熔化极活性气体保护焊焊缝区以针状铁素体和粒状贝氏体为主,低温韧性优于双丝焊.     

奥氏体不锈钢复合板采用SAW焊接基层的焊接工艺研究

通过对S30408+Q245R复合板基层进行SAW焊接接头显微硬度测量、铁素体含量测量、金相显微镜观察等研究,探讨焊接线能量、冷却速度对复合板基层焊缝组织和母材覆层析出σ相的影响。研究结果表明,基层使用SAW焊接时,焊缝硬度比使用SMAW焊接时略低;母材覆层铁素体含量、焊缝过渡层/覆层铁素体含量均比基层使用SMAW焊接时所测含量略低;两种焊接方法的焊缝基层显微组织基本相同。但焊缝覆层/过渡层采用SMAW和GTAW焊接时金相组织有所不同,使用SAW焊接基层时焊缝组织无明显晶粒粗大特征,且母材覆层和焊缝过渡层/覆层均不会析出σ相。     

Effect of welding process on the microstructure and properties of dissimilar weld joints between low alloy steel and duplex stainless steel

To obtain high-quality dissimilar weld joints, the processes of metal inert gas (MIG) welding and tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding for duplex stainless steel (DSS) and low alloy steel were compared in this paper. The microstructure and corrosion morphology of dissimilar weld joints were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM); the chemical compositions in different zones were detected by energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS); the mechanical properties were measured by microhardness test, tensile test, and impact test; the corrosion behavior was evaluated by polarization curves. Obvious concentration gradients of Ni and Cr exist between the fusion boundary and the type II boundary, where the hardness is much higher. The impact toughness of weld metal by MIG welding is higher than that by TIG welding. The corrosion current density of TIG weld metal is higher than that of MIG weld metal in a 3.5wt% NaCl solution. Galvanic corrosion happens between low alloy steel and weld metal, revealing the weakness of low alloy steel in industrial service. The quality of joints produced by MIG welding is better than that by TIG welding in mechanical performance and corrosion resistance. MIG welding with the filler metal ER2009 is the suitable welding process for dissimilar metals jointing between UNS S31803 duplex stainless steel and low alloy steel in practical application.     

Welded Joint Model Construction and Welding Mechanism of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy

The characteristics of the welding molten pool of AZ91 magnesium alloy were studied and the welding interface model was built using metallographic observation and scanning electorn microscope(SEM) composition analysis.The welding area was divided into heat affected zone(HAZ),liquefaction zone(LZ),rich poly zone(RPZ),sparse zone(SZ) and weld zone(WZ).The analyses of the microstructure and composition of each region show that optimizing the welding process can improve mechanical properties of weld zone.While for LZ,its tensile properties can be strengthened only by improving the composition of the parent metal and the second phase distribution.And the way to improve the tensile properties of LZ,RPZ,and SZ is to give priority to improve the parent metal composition and the second phase distribution,improving welding technology as the complementary method.Furthermore,based on the results above and the analyses of the microstructure and composition of welding cracks,it is found that the tensile fracture is mainly caused by the stress cracking rather than composition crack.     

Al-6.6Zn-1.7Mg-0.26Cu合金挤压材焊接接头的组织与性能

采用光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜、维氏硬度计和拉伸试验机,研究了Al-6.6Zn-1.7Mg-0.26Cu合金挤压材熔化极惰性气体保护焊接接头的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明：焊缝中心区为枝晶,靠近母材侧的焊缝熔合区为柱状晶,母材为等轴晶,但靠近焊缝熔合区的母材晶粒发生了长大。焊接接头的硬度以焊缝为中心呈对称分布,从母材到焊缝中心,硬度先下降后上升再下降。焊缝中心区的硬度最低,为86～105（HV）。焊接接头的抗拉强度为309 MPa,屈服强度为237 MPa,伸长率为4.75%,挤压材的焊接强度系数为0.76。     

12Ni3CrMoV钢焊接热影响区的断裂特征

本文采用裂纹张开位移(COD)试验方法,对60公斤级高强钢(12Ni3CrMoV)的热模拟试样,单道焊和多道焊实焊试样,热影响区的断裂韧性和裂纹扩展阻力进行了详细的研究.研究表明,在12Ni3CrMoV钢的焊接热影响区中存在着粗晶区脆化和不完全相变区脆化.粗大的马氏体和焊接过程产生的粒状贝氏体是脆化的内在原因.热模拟试样能够反映热影响区中各种组织的相对韧性次序.在模拟粗晶区中,晶粒度的大小是影响裂纹扩展阻力的主要因素.热模拟粗晶区的断裂韧性最差,而多道焊粗晶区具有较好的韧性,这是因为多道焊的粗晶区中马氏体经过多次热循环回火所致.焊接热模拟试样能够反映热影响区中对应组织的韧性,但利用热模拟试样难以评定实际焊接接头中热影响区的裂纹扩展阻力.     

X100管线钢焊接热影响区组织与韧性研究

采用热模拟试验技术,研究了X100管线钢焊接热影响区的组织与性能变化规律,结果表明:采用高Nb、微Ti设计的低碳X100管线钢的焊接粗晶区经焊接热循环后仍保持良好的韧性。焊接热影响区的脆化区出现在峰值温度为750℃的两相区。沿原奥氏体晶界形成的岛状组织是导致韧性降低的主要原因。     

含硼低合金高强度钢焊接热影响区冲击韧度

利用Gleeble热模拟机对含硼低合金高强度钢板进行不同焊接工艺下的热模拟实验,研究了焊接热影响区(HAZ)的过热区显微组织、韧度及其变化规律.结果表明:钢板过热区冲击韧度随冷却时间t8/3的增大而显著降低;当t8/3小于67s时,过热区冲击韧度较高,相应过热区组织为板条马氏体或板条马氏体+贝氏体,晶粒较细小.800MPa级低碳贝氏体钢板焊接工艺实验结果表明,焊接热输入量为0.96～2.11kJ.mm-1、焊道间温度为150～200℃和焊后热处理,焊接接头焊缝金属和焊接热影响区的冲击韧度保持较高水平,说明钢板对焊接工艺有较强的适应性.     

00Cr12Ni不锈钢焊接热影响区的组织及韧性

采用Gleeble3800热力模拟试验机模拟了00Cr12Ni不锈钢不同热输入下的焊接热循环.研究了热模拟试样的组织及冲击韧性.实验结果表明,焊接粗晶区晶粒大小和马氏体的体积分数均随热输入的增加而增加;细晶区组织以马氏体为主,有少量的铁素体,晶粒非常细小;焊接粗晶区试样的室温冲击功随热输入的增加而降低;不同热输入下,细晶区模拟试样均具有优良的冲击韧性;粗晶区冲击试样均为脆性断裂,而细晶区冲击试样均为韧性断裂;为得到组织细小、韧性优良的焊接热影响区,应尽量采用小的热输入规范.     

6N01-7N01铝合金T型焊接接头的微观组织与性能的研究

6N01和7N01铝合金是高铁列车车体上大量使用的2种重要的轻量化结构材料.本文利用EBSD、光学显微镜、维氏硬度测试和加速腐蚀实验研究了典型6N01-7N01铝合金T型焊接接头的微观组织、硬度分布和腐蚀特性.结果表明:焊缝、熔合区和热影响区的晶粒组织特征存在显著差异.焊缝组织为等轴晶,熔合区组织为等轴晶和柱状晶.靠近焊缝处的6N01合金存在部分晶粒异常长大现象,而7N01合金仅发生了回复和部分再结晶.6N01合金一侧的热影响区会出现硬度比焊缝更低的硬度谷,即软化区,这是由析出相受焊接热的影响发生明显的粗化导致的.经腐蚀实验后,焊缝的硬度显著降低,焊缝和热影响区为焊接接头腐蚀最严重的区域.     

焊接热循环和拘束应变对粗晶区组织和性能的影响

籍助于热模拟技术、光学金相和透射电子显徽镜、微型拉伸和冲击试验研究了焊接热循环和拘束应变对ＥＨ３６ＭＯＤ控轧钢焊接粗晶区的显微组织和力学性能的影响。试验结果表明，在２种热循环制度下，粗晶区具有不同的显微组织，当ｔ８／５＝６ｓ时，以下贝氏体和板条马氏体为主，而ｔ８／５＝５０ｓ时，则以先共析铁素体和上贝氏体为主。拘束应变的存在，不仅可细化粗晶区的奥氏体晶粒，而且可使组织形态及其相对量发生改变，相应地提     

铝对自保护药芯焊丝焊缝组织及力学性能的影响

通过光谱分析、Luzex.F图像分析、扫描电镜、能谱分析、力学性能试验等手段,研究了高铝BaF2渣系自保护药芯焊丝焊缝中的Al含量对焊缝中夹杂物、微观组织和力学性能的影响.研究结果表明:随焊缝中的Al含量增高,焊缝夹杂物平均尺寸增大;焊缝中的夹杂物以AlN和Al2O3为主,在低Al焊缝中以Al2O3为主的夹杂物较多,而在高Al焊缝中AlN夹杂较多;Al含量的不同会引起焊缝微观组织的改变,以Al2O3为主的夹杂物能够诱导焊缝中针状铁素体形核,而AlN夹杂会引起焊缝组织粗大;焊缝中Al含量增加使焊缝的强度增高而韧性下降.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction-stir welded St52 steel joints

The aim of this work is to investigate the mechanical properties and microstructures of friction-stir welded (FSWed) St52 structural steel joints. In this study, St52 steel plates with a thickness of 4 mm were butt-welded by friction-stir welding (FSW) using a tungsten carbide tool having a conical pin. The microstructure of the welded zone consists of equiaxed fine ferrite, grain boundary ferrite, Widmanstatten ferrite, and aggregates of ferrite + cementite. The microhardness measurements showed that the hardness of the welded zone was significantly higher than that of the base metal. The FSWed St52 joint exhibited a significant strength overmatching in the weld region and a strength performance similar to or slightly higher than that of the base plate.     

微合金钢中氧化物夹杂对焊接热影响区组织、性能的影响

研究了一种微合金钢中夹杂物与模拟焊接热影响区微观组织以及低温冲击韧性的关系.结果发现:实验钢夹杂物以类球状Ti2O3-Al2O3-MnS型复合夹杂为主,分布较为均匀且尺寸小于3μm;在相变冷却时间较短(T8/5=40s)时,试样微观组织以针状铁素体和沿晶铁素体为主,板条贝氏体束较少,原奥氏体晶粒尺寸在50μm左右,低温冲击性能优良;随着相变冷却时间的延长(T8/5=60,80s),原奥氏体晶粒尺寸也随之增大,相变温度的提高和相变区域的变宽使得位于原奥氏体晶界附近的夹杂物对晶界处多边形铁素体的诱导促进作用更加明显,沿晶铁素体长大剧烈,一定程度上消耗了晶内针状铁素体对组织的分割细化作用,使得低温冲击韧性有所降低.     

低活化马氏体钢的TIG焊接试验研究

采钨极氩弧焊（TIG）焊接方法对低活化马氏体（CLAM）钢进行初步焊接试验,并对焊接试样的宏观形貌和微观结构进行观察分析,同时也对焊接试样的硬度进行了测试。结果显示,CLAM钢的焊接性能不太好,存在明显没有焊好的缝隙;焊缝的硬度大大高于热影响区和母材,热影响区的硬度最低。焊缝的显微组织是尺寸较大的板条马氏体,母材是尺寸较小的马氏体结构,热影响区的显微组织主要为等轴晶。     

X65钢高频焊管焊接区的显微组织和低温韧性

为查明X65钢高频焊管焊接区冲击功异常的原因,通过光学显微镜和X射线衍射对母材、焊缝及焊接热影响区进行微观研究.结果表明,显微组织对金属低温韧性有显著影响.当块状铁素体组织较多时,焊接区晶粒尺寸大,硬度小,冲击功低;当多边形铁素体组织较多时,焊接区晶粒尺寸小,硬度大,冲击功高.通过合理的热处理工艺,可在焊接区获得粒状铁素体组织,提高冲击功,改善焊缝和焊接热影响区低温韧性.     

摩擦焊接头组织与力学性能

研究了变形速率对低合金结构钢摩擦焊接头组织与力学性能的影响，结果表明，增大变形速率和延长减速改善了接头区域的硬度分布，焊缝区宽度变窄，热影响软化区不明显，焊缝晶粒细化，使焊缝的韧性得到一定程度的改善，本文对接头各个区域的显微组织进行了分析。