Effects of Sr addition on the microstructures and mechanical properties of in-situ ZrB_2 nanoparticles reinforced AlSi9Cu3 composites

The effects of Sr addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of in-situ ZrB_2 nanoparticles reinforced AlSi9Cu3 composites synthesized via direct melt reaction were systematically investigated. The addition of Sr could modify the morphology of eutectic silicon particles and refine the second dendrite arm spacing of α-Al dendrites.Alternatively, the ZrB_2 nanoparticles were also refined and distributed more homogenously, and nanoparticle agglomerations were reduced with the addition of Sr element. The results demonstrated that the addition of 0.06 wt% of Sr element can reach the optimal refinement of the second dendrite arm spacing of α-Al and the modification of eutectic Si. In this case, the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation reached 330 MPa, 226 MPa and 15.70%, respectively, which were remarkably enhancement in comparison with the base alloy.     

均匀化处理温度对6082铝合金组织和性能的影响

采用硬度、电导率测试、金相显微镜、X线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜和能谱分析技术,研究均匀化温度对合金组织和性能的影响.研究结果表明:铸态合金由α-Al固溶体和非平衡共晶相组成;490～510℃均匀化,Mg2Si相从过饱和固溶体中析出,在510℃以上均匀化,随着温度的升高,Mg2Si又逐步回溶到基体中,560℃均匀化,Mg2Si相和过剩单质Si完全溶解;随着均匀化温度的升高,非平衡析出物鱼骨状共晶形态逐渐消失,针状β-AlMnFeSi溶解、断裂,转变为具有更高(Mn+Fe)/Si比值颗粒状α-Al(MnFe)Si相,析出相在高温均匀化过程中聚集、球化;560℃均匀化,析出物的连续网状结构转变成链状结构,析出物演化为等轴粒状α-Al(MnFe)Si相.均匀化过程中合金中析出弥散α-Al(MnFe)Si相;在490～560℃保温6h均匀化处理,温度升高,合金的硬度和电导率分别升高和降低.     

TiB2和Al3Ti对近共晶Al?12.6Si合金组织、力学性能和断裂行为的影响

A near eutectic Al?12.6Si alloy was developed with 0.0wt%, 2.0wt%, 4.0wt%, and 6.0wt% Al?5Ti?1B master alloy. The microstructural morphology, hardness, tensile strength, elongation, and fracture behaviour of the alloys were studied. The unmodified Al?12.6Si alloy has an irregular needle and plate-like eutectic silicon (E_Si) and coarse polygonal primary silicon (P_Si) particles in the matrix-like α-Al phase. The P_Si, E_Si, and α-Al morphology and volume fraction were changed due to the addition of the Al?5Ti?1B master alloy. The hardness, UTS, and elongation improved due to the microstructural modification. Nano-sized in-situ Al₃Ti particles and ex-situ TiB₂ particles caused the microstructural modification. The fracture images of the developed alloys exhibit a ductile and brittle mode of fracture at the same time. The Al?5Ti?1B modified alloys have a more ductile mode of fracture and more dimples compared to the unmodified alloy.     

Si对高Si／C比灰铸铁奥氏体枝晶数量的影响规律

本文运用定向凝固方法，在没冷却条件下对不同成分灰铸铁的凝固过程运用微分仪进行热分析，结果表明：在碳当量相同的条件下，随着Ｓｉ／Ｃ比的，Ｆｅ－Ｃ－Ｓｉ合金的最小共晶凝固温度升高，并进一步分析了Ｓｉ使高Ｓｉ／Ｃ比灰铸铁奥氏体枝晶数量增加的原因，提出了Ｓｉ促使灰铸铁共晶共生区向右偏移的一论断，并利用出现奥氏体枝晶的临界冷却速度，并定量地描绘出了硅使得共晶共生区向左偏移的曲线。     

热处理对增材制造AlSi10Mg合金组织性能及残余应力的影响

 增材制造AlSi10Mg合金通常存在较大的残余应力,对材料的服役使用产生不利影响,故需要采用热处理对残余应力予以控制甚至消除。利用X射线衍射、光学显微镜、场发射扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、背散射电子衍射、维氏硬度和拉曼光谱试验,研究了成形态和退火态合金的显微组织、性能及残余应力。结果表明,成形态合金由过饱和Al固溶体和Si相组成,其中, Si相以网状共晶硅和弥散分布的纳米硅颗粒2种形态存在。同时,成形态合金的晶粒细小,其晶粒尺寸分布的d₅₀值约为10.4 μm。250~300℃退火使合金元素从过饱和Al固溶体中析出,形成平衡相Mg₂Si和Si相;且随着退火温度升高,合金元素析出越彻底。此外,退火还引起网状共晶硅和纳米硅颗粒粗化,促使晶粒长大并诱发再结晶。由于退火后合金中的细晶强化、固溶强化和弥散强化效果减弱,故合金的维氏硬度下降。然而,退火可以显著降低合金的残余应力,下降幅度达到60%~80%。因此,为更好地实现组织和性能调控,有必要针对增材制造铝合金的特点开发新的热处理制度。     

生物医用Zn-5Al合金的微观组织与性能

研究了生物医用Zn-5Al合金的微观组织结构演化,探讨了其组织对力学性能的影响.对铸态、均匀化处理和轧制态Zn-5Al合金的微观组织进行了表征,分析了合金的相组成,测试了轧制态Zn-5Al合金的力学性能.结果表明:铸态与均匀化处理后的Zn-5Al合金的相组成均主要为η-Zn相和α-Al相,铸态合金组织片层间距约为300nm.均匀化处理过程中发生了共析反应,合金中的α-Al相由铸态的长条形演变为球形共晶组织.经过总变形率85%的热轧变形后,Zn-5Al合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别为98MPa和130MPa,断裂延伸率达到74%.     

Modifying agent selection for Al-7Si alloy by Miedema model

To determine the modifying agents for Al-7Si alloys, microstructure observation and mixing enthalpy analysis using Miedema model for Al-7Si alloy with additions of different rare earth elements were performed, and the effects of rare earth elements on the modification of eutectic silicon morphology were investigated. The results of mixing enthalpy analysis show that these four rare earth elements, La, Sm, Pr, and Ce, which have the large negative mixing enthalpies with Si, can be selected as modifying agents for eutectic silicon morphology. The element with the largest negative mixing enthalpy is Ce. Furthermore, the microstructures indicate that these four elements can effectively modify the eutectic (α)Al-Si crystals in Al-7Si alloy, and the most effective one is also Ce. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results show that the eutectic temperature depressions due to the additions of modifying agents are the important reasons for the modification of eutectic (α)Al-Si crystals.     

冷却速度对Zn--5 Al--0.1 RE--x Si合金显微组织及耐蚀性能的影响

运用扫描电子显微镜/能谱仪、X射线衍射、盐雾实验、电极化曲线等手段,研究冷却速度和Si对Zn-5Al-0.1RE合金组织及耐蚀性能的影响.结果表明,Zn-5Al-0.1RE-xSi合金由先析出的?-Zn和?-Zn+α-Al共晶组织组成,前者均匀分布在相邻的?-Zn+α-Al共晶胞的边界上.降低冷却速度和Si的加入,均使Zn-5Al-0.1RE-xSi合金单位面积的晶粒增大,晶界减少,合金耐蚀性能提高. Zn-5Al-0.1RE-xSi合金耐蚀性能的差异与合金凝固组织及合金腐蚀产物中Zn5(OH)8Cl2·H2O和ZnO的相对量有关.     

共晶硅立体形态对铝硅合金力学行为的影响

本文采用全腐蚀的方法,考察了热处理时共晶硅立体形态的变化过程以及Na变质的影响,表明Na变质使共晶硅在热处理时迅速粒状化为近等轴颗粒。从理论上分析了共晶硅立体形态对铝硅合金力学行为的影响,并通过对合金的力学性能测试和断口电镜分析进行验证,指出了可以通过Na变质和热处理综合控制共晶硅形态以提高合金的韧性。     

Rapid solidification of acoustically levitated Al-Cu-Si eutectic alloy under laser irradiation

Al-27%Cu-5.3%Si ternary eutectic alloy was melted using a YAG laser and then solidified while being acoustically levitated. A maximum undercooling to 195 K (0.24 TL) was achieved with a cooling rate of 76 K/s. The solidification microstructure was composed of (Al+θ+Si) ternary eutectics and (Al+θ) pseudobinary eutectics. During acoustic levitation, the (Al+θ+Si) ternary eutectics are refined and the (Al+θ) pseudobinary eutectics have morphological diversity. On the surface of the alloys, surface oscillations and acoustic streaming promote the nucleation of the three eutectic phases and expedite the cooling process. This results in the refinement of the ternary eutectic microstructure. During experiments, the reflector decreases with increasing alloy temperature, and the levitation distance always exceeds the resonant distance. Because of the acoustic radiation pressure, the melted alloy was flattened, and deformation increases with increasing sound pressure. The maximum aspect ratio achieved was 6.64, corresponding to a sound pressure of 1.8×104 Pa.     

Microstructural characteristics and electrical resistivity of rapidly solidified Co-Sn alloys

The rapid solidification behavior of Co-Sn alloys was investigated by melt spinning method.The growth morphology of αCo phase in Co-20% Sn hypoeutectic alloy changes senistively with cooling rate.A layer of columnar αCo dendrite forms near the roller side at low colling rates.This region becomes small and disappears as the cooling rate increases and a kind of very fine homogeneous microstructure characterized by the distribution of equiaxed αCo dendrites in γCo3Sn matrix is subsequently produced.For Co-34.2% Sn eutectic alloy,anomalous eutectic forms within the whole range of cooling rates.The increase of cooling rate has two obvious effects on both alloys:one is the microstructure refinement,and the other is that it produces more crystal defects to intensify the seattering of free electrons,leading to a remarkable increase of electrical resistivity,Under the condition that the grain boundary reflection coefficient γ approaches 1,the resistivity of rapidly solidified Co-Sn alloys can be predicted theoretically.     

Brazing 6061 aluminum alloy with Al-Si-Zn filler metals containing Sr

Al-6.5Si-42Zn and Al-6.5Si-42Zn-0.09Sr filler metals were used for brazing 6061 aluminum alloy. Air cooling and water cooling were applied after brazing. Si phase morphologies in the brazing alloy and the brazed joints were investigated. It was found that zinc in the Al-Si filler metals could reduce the formation of eutectic Al-Si phase and lower the brazing temperature at about 520℃. Adding 0.09wt% Sr element into the Al-6.5Si-42Zn alloy caused α-Al phase refinement and transformed acicular Si phase into the finely fiber-like. After water cooling, Zn element dissolved into the Al-Si eutectic area, and η-Zn phase disappeared in the brazed joints. Tensile strength testing results showed that the Sr-modified filler metal could enhance the strength of the brazed joints by 13% than Al-12Si, while water-cooling further improved the strength at 144 MPa.     

铝合金表面脉冲电磁场对半连续铸造晶粒的细化

采用一种新型熔体表面脉冲电磁技术对7A04铝合金半连续铸造凝固组织细化处理,分析脉冲电磁场对凝固组织及性能的影响.引入势能的观点,探讨脉冲磁能作用下的晶体形核动力学及初生晶核运动形式.结果表明,经表面脉冲电磁场处理后,凝固组织由晶粒尺寸粗大的玫瑰结构转变为细小且圆整的球状结构,铸锭心部及边部晶粒尺寸分别下降22.7%和14.2%,强度、塑性均有提高.动力学分析认为,脉冲电磁能降低体系形核所需的临界吉布斯自由能是增加形核率的重要原因,同时可导致初生α-Al运动的势能增加,促使初生α-Al颗粒优先到达稳定位置.     

Effect of Ce addition on microstructures and mechanical properties of A380 aluminum alloy prepared by squeeze-casting

The effect of cerium (Ce) addition on the eutectic Si, β-Al₅FeSi phase, and the tensile properties of A380 alloy specimens prepared by squeeze-casting were studied by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The experimental results showed that Ce more effectively modified the eutectic Si and refined the β-Al₅FeSi. The refinement effect significantly increased under a specific pressure of 100 MPa with the addition of Ce from 0.1wt% to 0.9wt%. In contrast, the average length and the aspect ratio of the eutectic Si and β-Al₅FeSi exhibited their optimal values when the content of the added Ce was greater than 0.5wt%. Needle-like Al8Cu4Ce was precipitated with the addition of excessive Ce; hence, the mechanical properties of A380 gradually decreased with increasing Ce content in the range from 0.3wt% to 0.9wt%.     

压力对A380铝合金的铸造组织和力学性能的影响

对A380铝合金进行了挤压铸造成型和传统重力铸造成型,并制得试样.采用偏光显微镜、扫描电镜、定量金相分析、拉伸性能测试等手段,研究在不同压力下挤压铸造A380铝合金的铸造组织和力学性能.结果表明:当压力在0~75MPa范围内时,随着压力的增加,一次枝晶臂尺寸和气孔率得到大幅下降,共晶组织体积分数增加;二次枝晶臂间距减小;针状富铁β-Al5FeSi相尺寸大幅度减小,同时有部分汉字状α-Al8(Fe,Mn)3Si2相生成.当压力在75~100MPa范围内时,压力继续增加对合金组织细化、第二相形貌改善和力学性能提高的作用不明显.挤压铸造试件与重力铸造试件相比,气孔率减小,显微组织细化,力学性能显著提高.当压力为75MPa时,挤压铸造A380铝合金的铸态抗拉强度和伸长率分别比重力铸造提高19%和65%.     

AL87Ce3Ni10-xCux(x=0,1,3,5)纳米非晶复合材料的显微结构及性能研究

 单辊快凝Al₈₇Ce₃Ni_10-xCu_x(x=0,1,3,5)非晶合金在180,200,220,240℃进行20min等时退火,制成纳米复合结构.测量了各个合金的显微硬度.用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和差示扫描量热(DSC)技术研究了显微结构、晶粒尺寸、体积分数、热稳定性、硬度与合金成分和退火温度的关系.结果表明:随Cu摩尔分数的增加,α-Al晶粒尺寸减小,晶粒细化使显微硬度增高,随Cu摩尔分数的增加,α-Al析出温度向低温移动,有利于α-Al晶粒的析出过程.     

Effects of gravity on the microstructure of Zr41Ti14-Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 bulk glass forming alloy

The ZrTiCuNiBe alloy is melt and solidified by Bridgman unidirectional solidification on two gravity field orientations (the gravity field orientation is parallel and opposite to solidification direction). Effects of gravity on morphology and microstructure are investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). When gravity field orientation is parallel to solidification direction, less needle-like primary phase is embedded in a matrix eutectic; when gravity field orientation is opposite to solidification direction, a large amount of coarser needle-like primary phases were observed.     

A novel investigation on the influence of Cu–P modifier on the microstructure,mechanical performance,and melting process of Al–50Si alloys treated by overheating

As an efficient modifier, phosphorus (P) can significantly reduce the size of primary silicon (Si) crystals. However, modifier can aggregate when the P content exceeds a certain proportion, which decreases refining efficiency. In this study, the evolution of microstructures and mechanical properties of Al–50Si alloy have been studied by combining superheating and modification treatments. After modification, the mean size of the primary Si phase increased with superheating temperature, while the hardness decreased with increased superheating. Although the alloy was in an over-modified state when the modified content was 7 ?wt%, the overall alloy hardness was the highest. Nanoindentation tests were used to examine the mechanical properties of each alloy phase and the results showed that the nano-hardness of Al₂Cu phase was 5.52 ?GPa, three times that of an Al matrix, and was considered to be the reason for increased alloy hardness after over-modification. This phenomenon indicated that, except for size and distribution of the primary Si phase, intermetallic compounds, such as Al₂Cu, also played important roles in modifying alloy mechanical properties. The alloy melting process was observed in-situ using a laser confocal high-temperature scanning microscope and results indicated that the melting temperature of α-Al decreased with increased matrix Cu content. A model for calculating distortion energy was proposed and its rationality verified. Calculation results showed that, with increased matrix Cu content, the distortion energy gradually increased, which was the main reason for decreased matrix melting temperature. Moreover, the existence of distortion energy was verified using the EBSD method.     

高硅铝合金材料高温充氧氧化工艺

针对应用广泛的高硅铝合金电子封装材料,采用高温充氧氧化工艺,对已挤压成形的Al-30Si及Al-40Si高硅铝合金材料进行后续处理,通过扫描电镜、金相显微镜、热物性测试仪及电子万能拉伸试验机等,对材料显微组织、密度、气密性、热膨胀系数、热导率及抗压强度进行了分析比较。研究结果表明:高温充氧氧化后材料晶粒长大,Si含量高的材料长大更为明显,并存在Si颗粒偏聚现象;高温氧化后材料致密度增加,气密性提高;氧化后Al-30Si材料热膨胀系数略有增加,而充氧氧化对Al-40Si材料的热膨胀系数的影响不明显,但可提高材料热导率,Al-30Si与Al-40Si材料热导率分别提高16.4%和23.5%;高温氧化工艺显著降低材料抗压强度,Al-30Si与Al-40Si材料经氧化后抗压强度分别下降26.8%和20.5%。     

The evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties during high-speed direct-chill casting in different Al-Mg2Si in situ composites

The effect of high-speed direct-chill (DC) casting on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Mg₂Si in situ composites and AA6061 alloy was investigated. The microstructural evolution of the Al-Mg₂Si composites and AA6061 alloy was examined by optical microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results revealed that an increase of the casting speed substantially refined the primary Mg₂Si particles (from 28 to 12 μm), the spacing of eutectic Mg₂Si (from 3 to 0.5 μm), and the grains of AA6061 alloy (from 102 to 22 μm). The morphology of the eutectic Mg₂Si transformed from lamellar to rod-like and fibrous with increasing casting speed. The tensile tests showed that the yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation improved at higher casting speeds because of refinement of the Mg₂Si phase and the grains in the Al-Mg₂Si composites and the AA6061 alloy. High-speed DC casting is demonstrated to be an effective method to improve the mechanical properties of Al-Mg₂Si composites and AA6061 alloy billets.