氧化石墨烯的表面处理及其在生物医学领域的应用

氧化石墨烯（graphene oxide, GO）表面具有丰富的含氧基团。通过共价键结合、疏水作用、氢键作用等吸附药物和其他大分子对GO表面微观结构的修饰可提升其实用性。尤其是对生物相容性的增强使得功能化的GO可以在临床医学领域得到广泛应用。介绍了GO表面处理的原理,总结了近几年国内外研究人员在GO表面修饰方面的研究进展,归纳了修饰后具有优异性能的功能化氧化石墨烯（functionalized graphene oxide, FGO）在生物医学领域中的广泛应用,包括疫苗载体、癌症治疗、药物输送和基因治疗等方面。最后指出,通过加强对GO的进一步研究,可使其在未来的生物医学领域发挥关键作用。     

Fabrication of multilayer films from regenerated cellulose and graphene oxide through layer-by-layer assembly

A key challenge in the preparation of nanoplatelet-filled polymer composites is the ability to realize the nanometer-level dispersion and the planar orientation of nanosheets in polymer matrices. In this report, multilayer films were successfully fabricated by layer-by-layer assembly of regenerated cellulose and graphene oxide, in which graphene oxide nanosheets were used as the building blocks. The thickness of 50 layer film is about 20 mm and it exhibits a high degree of smoothness. This may be attributed to the well-defined layered structure with high degree of planar orientation and nanolevel assemblies of graphene oxide nanosheets in the polymer matrices. Typical field emission scanning electron microscope images demonstrate an ordered arrangement of layers. The electrical conductivity of the multilayer films shows a remarkable increase with increasing layer of the films. A significant enhancement of mechanical properties has been achieved, that is, a 110.8% improvement of elastic modulus and a 262.5% increase of hardness respectively.     

锰氧化物改性分子筛的制备及其在含酚废水处理中的应用

根据催化氧化原理,利用4A分子筛为载体,次氯酸钠（NaClO）为氧化剂,通过硫酸锰（MnSO₄）在其表面的原位氧化来制备对环境无害的锰氧化物（MnO_x）改性的分子筛（MnO_x@MS）材料.通过场发射扫描电镜（FE-SEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）对材料进行了表征.XRD分析表明：Mn元素是以MnO_x形式存在,在pH为7.2时,反应得到的MnO_x中Mn离子的价态最高.测试表明：Mn离子的价态越高对含酚废水的处理效果就越好.采用在最优条件下得到的MnO_x@MS材料作为催化剂,对过氧化氢（H₂O₂）氧化降解含酚废水进行研究,考察了不同体系、温度、pH值和H₂O₂用量对苯酚降解的影响.结果表明：在优化的降解条件下,120 min内,未改性分子筛对苯酚的去除率仅为35%,而MnO_x@MS改性材料对苯酚的去除率达到82%,说明通过MnO_x改性后的分子筛,对苯酚的氧化降解能力大大提高.     

大粒径氧化石墨及石墨烯的制备与表征

以0.10、0.15、0.18、0.30 mm 4种不同粒径的石墨为原料,采用密闭氧化、氨-水合胼还原法,经过2个控温阶段制备了10~20 μm大粒径氧化石墨(GO)与石墨烯,并通过正交实验、单因素实验优化了制备条件. 测定了GO与石墨烯的傅里叶红外光谱、拉曼光谱及热稳定性.用扫描电镜、X线衍射光谱、原子力显微镜测试了产品的结构与石墨烯片层厚度. 实验结果表明:石墨粒径越小,片层剥离程度越高, GO的产率、热稳定性也均有提高. 石墨烯在800 ℃下残炭率高于80%,剥离层厚度约为1 nm. 本实验研究为制备大粒径GO与石墨烯提供了一种可行的实验方法.     

Electrochemical exfoliation for few-layer graphene in molybdate aqueous solution and its application for fast electrothermal film

There are still serious barriers from laboratory exploration to large-scale production of commercializing highquality graphene, especially by environmental-friendly methods. In this study, a simple and efficient electrochemical method for the preparation of high-quality water-dispersible graphene has been developed using molybdate aqueous solutions as the electrolyte. The exfoliation of graphite paper could be achieved in the electrolyte with a high yield of a few layers graphene(1–5 layers, 76%) and uniform lateral size(1–6 μm, 90%).The as-obtained few layers graphene well dispersed in aqueous solution with a solubility of ～4 mg mL~(-1) and stability for at least 2 months. It provides a new green method to prepare high-quality graphene. The as-prepared water-dispersible graphene films exhibit significant electrothermal performance, with a steady-state temperature of 147 °C under voltage of 10 V and a maximum heating rate achieved of 11.8 °C s~(-1).     

PVP-assisted laser ablation growth of Ag nanocubes anchored on reduced graphene oxide(rGO) for efficient photocatalytic CO_2 reduction

Metallic nanoparticles loaded graphene nanocomposites have been widely studied for various scientific and technological applications. In this study, a facile method was reported to realize a straightforward growth of shape and size-controllable of metallic nanoparticles, and the subsequent hybridization with graphene in solution by strategically coupling wet-chemical route and laser ablation. By mixing graphene oxide(GO) with a tunable concentration level of polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP) in aqueous solution, Ag nanocubes with a face-centered cubic crystal structure were generated by pulsed laser ablation and then mounted on GO nanosheets with the assistance of PVP. The preferential adsorption of PVP to Ag(100) crystal face led to the production of Ag nanocubes with exposed(100) facet. The result showed that the morphological yield of spherical particles decreased with the increase in PVP concentration. X-ray diffraction(XRD) and UV–visible spectroscopy analyses confirmed that GO was partially reduced. In the reduction of CO_2 gas, the photocatalytic conversion rate could achieve 133.1 μmol g~(-1) h~(-1) in 6 hrs for cubic Ag-loaded reduced GO composites.     

玻片表面硅烷/氧化石墨烯复合涂层的制备及其摩擦性能

使用硅烷偶联剂 3-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷(3-(dimethoxymethylsilyl)propylamine) 和不同氧化程度的氧化石墨烯(graphene oxide, GO)在玻片表面采用浸渍法制备了一种在水环境下具有较好润滑性能的氧化石墨烯涂层. 通过傅里叶变换红外光谱 (Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, FTIR)仪、拉曼光谱(Raman spectra)分析法、水接触角(water contact angle, WCA)测试等方法研究了涂层的表面形貌及其特征. 研究结果表明, 所制备的硅烷/氧化石墨烯涂层表面均一, 没有明显的缺陷. 摩擦测试结果显示, 涂层能够有效提高耐磨性能, 不同氧化程度的氧化石墨烯对抗磨性能有着不同的影响, 氧化程度越高, 抗磨性能越好.     

金纳米粒子与电化学还原氧化石墨烯复合材料修饰电极的制备及其电化学应用

利用金纳米粒子(Au NPs)和电化学还原氧化石墨烯(ERGO)制备了以玻碳电极(GCE)为基底电极的复合材料修饰电极Au NPs-ERGO/GCE.采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、拉曼光谱、循环伏安(CV)法、计时电流法等方法对复合材料修饰电极进行了系统表征与分析.将所制备的复合材料修饰电极应用于葡萄糖的电化学分析研究.研究数据表明:所制备的Au NPs-ERGO/GCE电极对葡萄糖具有良好的电催化性能,有较宽的检测范围和较好的灵敏度,同时,对抗坏血酸(AA)、尿酸(UA)和氯离子(Cl~-)等共存的干扰物均有良好的抗干扰性能.     

Catalytic performance of nano-hybrid graphene and titanium dioxide modified cathodes fabricated with facile and green technique in microbial fuel cell

Finite resources of the world''s fossil fuel give rise to the irresistible urge to explore alternative renewable energy routes such as microbial fuel cells (MFCs). The limited productivity is one of the main obstacles for MFC scalability. In this study, a dual-chamber MFC was assembled and equipped with fabricated modified cathodes with titanium dioxide (TiO2) or hybrid graphene (HG) which mainly improved the catalytic activity of the cathode. The graphite paste (GP) bare electrode was modified by both nanomaterials using a green and facile technique. The results showed that the modified cathodes resulted in a considerable improvement for the MFC performance, i.e., the power density reaching levels of 80 mW/m2 for GP-TiO2 and 220 mW/m2 for GP-HG compared to 30 mW/m2 for GP electrode. Additionally, the modified electrodes exhibited lower charge transfer resistance (Rct) compared to the bare electrode. Therefore, these modified electrodes, fabricated by an eco-friendly method, could be used as alternatives to the precious expensive metals like Pt.     

氧化镁膨胀剂及其在混凝土中的应用

本文针对欲将MgO膨胀剂应用于非水工大体积混凝土的设想,通过分析MgO膨胀剂的由来、质量及其控制、掺量及在水工大体积混凝土中的应用情况后指出,现有的水工外掺MgO混凝土的研究与应用成果,为高坝混凝土应用MgO膨胀剂奠定了坚实基础,但在非水工大体积混凝土结构中应用MgO膨胀剂时,应慎之又慎,切忌盲目套用。     

氧化石墨烯墨水的制备及直写图案化

 采用改进的Hummers法制备宽度分布范围为30~70 μm的大尺寸氧化石墨烯及其墨水,并通过直写打印实验,研究了最佳打印条件和氧化石墨烯墨水直写图案化。结果表明,当氧化石墨烯浓度为15 mg/mL、打印压力为70 kPa、线速度为3 mm/s时,打印线条流畅,形貌精细可控;还原剂为15%氢碘酸、还原时间为3 h时,打印线条的还原程度最高,且电性能最佳,电导率可达4.40×10⁴ S/m,远超过现有打印技术的石墨烯图案电导率;实现了氧化石墨烯墨水在亲水聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）、聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）、玻璃、硅片等多种柔性和非柔性基底上的图案化直写打印,且经还原处理的氧化石墨烯图案可作为连接导线实现发光二极管的集成,对于石墨烯基印刷电子器件的发展具有重要意义。     

纳米氧化铁的制备及其对环己烷氧化性能的影响

采用超声波方法在不同浓度的五羰基铁溶液中制备得到纳米氧化铁,并将其为催化剂用于环己烷催化氧化反应。在反应体系中,考察了反应时间、温度、催化剂用量、引发剂用量、空气量对催化氧化反应的影响。结果表明,以叔丁基过氧化氢为引发剂,空气为氧化剂在70℃,常压下反应3h,环己烷转化率可以达到23.8%,环己醇、环己酮和环己基过氧化氢的选择性可达94.5%.     

Graphene-manganese oxide hybrid porous material and its application in carbon dioxide adsorption

Graphene-Mn3O4 (GMNO) hybrid porous material is prepared by a hydrothermal method and its performance in carbon dioxide adsorption is investigated.In the synthesis of the GMNO materials,MnO(OH)2 colloid obtained by the hydrolysis of Mn 2+ in basic solution was using as the precursor of the Mn3O4.After a hydrothermal reaction of the mixture of graphene oxide (GO) and MnO(OH)2,GO was reduced into graphene and the MnO(OH)2 was transformed into Mn3O4 with enhanced crystallization.X-ray diffraction,thermal gravimetric analysis,transmission electron microscopy,infrared spectra and Raman spectroscopy were taken to characterize the hybrid material.The porosity and the carbon dioxide adsorption ability are measured by gas sorption analysis,in which the as-prepared GMNO hybrid materials exhibit a specific surface area ranging from 140 to 680 m2g-1 and a maximum carbon dioxide capacity of about 11 wt%.     

微波水热法制备ZnO/氧化石墨烯及其光电化学性能研究

利用微波水热法在316L不锈钢片基底上制备一维ZnO纳米阵列/氧化石墨烯(ZnO/GO)复合材料,借助SEM、TEM、UV-Vis及可见光光照下的恒电位i-t曲线等手段,对加入氧化石墨烯浓度不同的ZnO/GO样品的形貌、结构及光电化学性能进行表征。结果表明,ZnO纳米棒均匀垂直于316L不锈钢基底生长,GO片层嵌入在ZnO纳米棒结构中间;GO的引入促进了ZnO中产生的光生电子-空穴对的分离,从而使ZnO/GO复合材料相较于ZnO具有更佳的光电化学性能。当加入GO溶液浓度为0.5mg/mL时,所制样品中ZnO纳米棒阵列发育完善、排列致密,样品的光电流密度达到18μA/cm~2,为纯一维ZnO纳米结构相应值的3.6倍。     

Zinc oxide nanostructures and porous films produced by oxidation of zinc precursors in wet-oxygen atmosphere

Wet oxidation can be used to produce high quality zinc oxide(ZnO) nanostructures at moderately high temperatures with low requirements of equipment and experimental conditions.Zn precursor films were prepared by magnetron sputtering and controlled ZnO nanostructures were produced by oxidation of the Zn precursor films in wet O_2.The growth mechanism of the ZnO nanowires and nanobelts in wet oxidation was discussed based on the experimental results.Silver and nitrogen doping were realized in the wet oxida...     

氧化石墨烯催化苯乙烯双羟化合成苯基乙二醇

以过氧化氢为氧化剂,研究Hummers法制得的氧化石墨,催化苯乙烯双羟化合苯基乙二醇,产物结构通过1 H NMR、13 C NMR、FT-IR和ESI-MS确认.考察不同反应温度、溶剂、氧化剂用量、催化剂用量及时间对反应收率的影响.结果表明,在45℃下,以水作为反应溶剂时,H2O2(30%)用量为10mmol,催化剂用量为100mg/mmol底物,反应时间18h,苯乙烯的转化率达到42%,苯基乙二醇的收率可达13%.催化剂循环使用5次,其催化活性未见明显下降.     

ZnMgAl-LDHs阻燃剂的改性及其在聚丙烯中的应用

文章采用共沉淀法合成了锌镁铝类水滑石(ZnMgAl-LDHs)。以油酸钠为表面改性剂,以活化指数为主要考察指标,通过单因素条件实验和正交实验,考察并确定较适宜的ZnMgAl-LDHs表面改性工艺条件为:油酸钠用量3%、改性时间1.5h、改性温度70℃。通过XRD、FT-IR和SEM等对改性前后ZnMgAl-LDHs的各项性能进行了表征。将改性前后的ZnMgAl-LDHs分别添加到聚丙烯(PP)制得ZnMgAl-LDHs/PP复合材料,通过氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧(UL-94)、拉伸性能和弯曲性能等检测考察改性前后ZnMgAl-LDHs的添加量对复合材料阻燃性能和机械性能的影响。结果表明,当ZnMgAl-LDHs添加量为50%时,改性前后的ZnMgAl-LDHs/PP复合材料的氧指数分别由17.3%提高至22.8%、24.3%,且添加改性后ZnMgAl-LDHs所制得的复合材料的机械性能明显优于未改性的;文中对其影响的原因进行了分析。     

二丁基氧化锡法合成三氯蔗糖单酯及过程分析研究

由于三氯蔗糖甜度高、安全性高、不参与人体代谢、稳定性好等特点,成为现今甜味剂研究的热点.对二丁基氧化锡法进行探索试验,得到了较为合理的实验条件,并利用薄层色谱法初步建立了跟踪分析方法.     

一种新型多官能度乙烯基醚树脂的制备及在光刻负胶中的应用

以苯乙烯,2-异氰酸甲基丙烯酸酯(IEMA),以及乙二醇单乙烯基醚(EGME)等为原料,分两步合成了一种主链为聚苯乙烯结构的多乙烯基醚(VEs)树脂(PSIM-VE).通过测定该树脂的红外光谱、核磁氢谱及核磁碳谱,确定了其分子结构式.测定了该树脂的紫外透光性,并且研究了基于该树脂的紫外光刻负胶以甲苯及四氢呋喃为溶剂时的成膜性及紫外光固化性能.通过接触式光刻工艺,在光刻胶膜层上得到了4μm周期的光栅结构.     

铜氧化物材料的制备及其在锂离子电池负极材料中的应用

铜氧化物作为重要的过渡金属氧化物,已经被广泛地应用于超导体、气体传感器、多相催化、磁力储存媒介、场发射能源、太阳能电池设备和锂离子电池等领域.由于铜氧化物低成本,容易制备,高安全性,环境友好和高理论比容量等优点,受到研究者的广泛关注.对铜氧化物的制备方法,尤其是在锂离子电池负极材料中的应用进行了综述,并对进一步提高铜氧化物材料电化学性能的研究趋势进行了展望.