Preparation and Characterization of Silk Fibroin Aerogel

Silk protein fibroin,as a biomedical material,has good biocompatibility,biodegradability,regulation and excellent physical and chemical properties. In this work,a low density porous silk fibroin material is prepared from fibroin solution by high-speed shearing with impeller. By adjusting shear rate of the stirrer,silk fibroin aerogel with different sizes of the aperture is prepared. In general, this aerogel has small porosity, uniform pores, good mechanical properties and slow rate of degradation. It is observed that increasing the shear rate results in higher porosity of aerogel,while the diameter of the aerogel becomes smaller. This silk aerogel may offer a new option as biomaterial for the tissue engineering application based on the information on the structural behaviors.     

Preparation of Nano Silver/Silk Fibroin Composite Films

In this study, the outstanding biocompatibility of silk fibroin （SF） and the highly efficient anti-bacterial effect of nano silver （NS） were utilized to prepare SF/NS composite film with anti- bacterial property. The structure and property of the film were characterized. The results showed that the structure of SF in the film was mainly silk I. SF in the film was almost insoluble in water. The tensile strength of film with NS was significantly lower than that of films without NS. When the addition of NS was within the range of 0%-0.6%, the elongation at break had no significant difference. The antibacterial rate of the film on staphylococcus aurens and escherichia coil increased with the amount of NS. The minimum amount of NS in the fdm was O. 1% and the maximum amount was 0.5%.     

Preparation of high-strength Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Fe alloy via heat treatment and rolling

An Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Fe alloy was solid-solution treated at 560°C for 3 h and then cooled by water quenching or furnace cooling. The alloy samples which underwent cooling by these two methods were rolled at different temperatures. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the rolled alloys were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and tensile testing. For the water-quenched alloys, the peak tensile strength and elongation occurred at a rolling temperature of 180°C. For the furnace-cooled alloys, the tensile strength decreased initially, until the rolling temperature of 420°C, and then increased; the elongation increased consistently with increasing rolling temperature. The effects of grain boundary hardening and dislocation hardening on the mechanical properties of these rolled alloys decreased with increases in rolling temperature. The mechanical properties of the 180°C rolling water-quenched alloy were also improved by the presence of β″ phase. Above 420°C, the effect of solid-solution hardening on the mechanical properties of the rolled alloys increased with increases in rolling temperature.     

Preparation and characterization of chitosan/carboxymethylated konjac glucomannan blend films

In order to improve the mechanical and water swelling properties of the chitosan (CS) film, a series of transparent films were prepared by blending 2% (weight) chitosan acetic acid solution with 1.5% (weight) carboxymethylated konjac glucomannan (CMKGM) aqueous solution according to predetermined ratio and drying at 30°C. The morphological structure, miscibility, thermal stability, mechanical properies, and swelling capacity of the blend films were studied by infrared (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), scanning electron micrograph (SEM), and measurements of the mechanical properties and swelling properties. The results demonstrated that there was strong interaction and good miscibility between CS and CMKGM resulted from intermolecular hydrogen bonding and electrostatic force. The mechanical properties in dry state and wet state, thermostability, and water swelling properties of the blend films were obviously improved. The best values of the tensile strength in the dry and wet state achieved 89 MPa and 49 MPa, respectively, when the CMKGM content was 30% (weight). The CS/ CMKGM blend films provided promising biomedical applications. Foundation item: Supported by the National Science Foundation of China (No.29977014). Biography: Zheng hua (1965-), male, Associate professor, research direction: renewable resource chemistry.     

Preparation of 3-D porous fibroin scaffolds by freeze drying with treatment of methanol solutions

In this study, silk scaffolds with appropriate porous structures were prepared by adjusting solution concentrations and providing treatment with methanol solutions in the way of freeze drying. The effects of the preparation conditions on the microstructures and properties of the scaffolds were discussed. Fibroin solutions with different concentrations of 4, 6, 8, 10 wt% were used respectively to prepare the scaffolds. The effects of the addition of 20 vol% methanol before or after freeze drying to the 4 wt% fibroin solution were investigated. As demonstrated by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), the fib-roin scaffolds prepared without methanol had porous microstructures composed of thin sheets, and the sizes of the pores decreased with the increase of the fibroin solution concentrations, while the scaffolds prepared in the presence of methanol showed porous microstructures formed by fine-particle aggregates. The porosities and mechanical properties of the prepared fibroin scaffolds under different conditions were tested. The crystalline structures and conformations of the fibroin scaffolds were detected by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).     

Structure and Property of Silk Fibroin ／ Cellulose Blend Film

Silk fibroin/cellulose blend films were prepared using Nmethylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) as solvent. The effects of different proportions and solid contents on properties of blend films were discussed. The mechanical properties showed that the blend films had preferable moisture permeability and a high strength. The structures of the blend films were investigated by infrared spectrum and X-ray diffraction. The results indicated the occurrence of hydrogen bonds between hydroxyl groups of cellulose and amido groups of fibroin.     

Silk Fibroin-modified Poly（butadiene） urethane Films and Their Effects on Fibroblast Viability

Surface-modified poly（butadiene）urethane （PBTU） films with silk fibroin （SF） were prepared by simple chemical method under the normal temperature. The physical properties and biological behaviour of the SF-modified PBTU film were evaluated. The results showed that the SF-modified PBTU films kept the tenacity and pliability very well, and could overcome rigid and brittle weaks of silk fibroin films. The morphology of SF in the PBTU film was dendritic aggregations, and the water-contact angle measurement indicated that the surface hydrophilicity of modified films was apparently enhanced. The biocompatibility of PBTU films was improved due to the change of surface components. The degree of platelet adhesion and the cell viability of rat embryo dermal fibroblasts seeded on PBTU films, SF films, and SF-modified PBTU films were measured by counting platelets before and after they contacted the films and MTT assay, respectively. The results indicated that platelet adhesion resistance and cell viability on the modified film were greatly superior to those on the PBTU film and the compound interface had good stability in the air.     

Physico-Chemical Properties of a Water-Insoluble Silk Fibroin Film

The conventional silk fibroin(SF)films obtained by casting from SF aqueous solution are amorphous,and easily dissolved in water.This defect limits the practical use of SF films in biomedical field.A new water-insoluble silk fibroin film(an SF-FA film)could be simply prepared by casting from SF formic acid solution.The physical properties and moisture permeability of SF-FA films were examined.The results show that the SF-FA film swollen in water exhibits outstanding pliability.The weight loss of SF-FA films ...     

Pervaporation of organic liquid/ water mixtures through a novel silicone copolymer membrane

Polydimethylsiloxane-ladder like phenylsilsesquioxane copolymer as a novel membrane material has good film-forming ability, high mechanical properties and low swelling capacity. The copolymer membrane displays the permselectivity of organic liquid for the pervaporation of organic liquid/water mixtures. The pervaporation of aqueous solution of ethanol through the membrane has been investigated. High separation factor can be obtained in the range of low ethanol concentration. The flux of ethanol increases and the flux of water keeps constant as the concentration of ethanol in feed increases. The membrane shows good stability of separation at room temperature to 70℃. The comparison of the pervaporation behavior of the aqueous solutions of methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, acetone, THF reveals that the magnitude of the separation factors and the fluxes increases in the following order: methanol相似文献   

Silk Fibroin Film Blended with Poly（ ethylene glycol-glycerin）

To improve the toughness of silk fibroin（ SF） films,poly（ ethylene glycol-glycerin）（ PEGG） was synthesized with ethylene glycol and epichlorohydrin. The SF / PEGG blend films were prepared by casting aqueous solution and their structures were characterized. The PEGG was in liquid state at room temperature so it will not be a single phrase at blend film. It crosslinked with SF and made it insolubility in water. The results of X-ray diffraction（ XRD） indicated that the crystallinity of the SF in the blend films decreased with the content of PEGG increasing. The tensile strength and elongation at break of blend films were measured using an instron tensile tester. The results showed that the tensile strength and elongation at break of blend films were high enough for application.After the blend films were stored at room temperature for 100 d,the crystallinity, the tensile strength and elongation at wet state increased. The blend films are superior to SF films in providing excellent flexibility and mechanical properties in both dry and wet states. Based on the fact that SF has good biocompatibility,the SF /PEGG blend film will offer new options in many different biomedical applications.     

丝素在生物医学领域中的应用

讨论了丝素（silk fibroin,SF)与生物医学领域应用相关的基本性质，以及在生物分析及药物缓释载体，人工器官及组织工程支撑体材料中的应用现状，结论认为：丝素具有固化结晶方式的多样化。易于保持高度生物亲和性以及形成特殊的多孔性网状结构。丝素还具有优良的成膜特性，并且通过与其它一些天然高分子材料的复合与化学改性，可以进一步改善其物理性能，从而适宜于构建新型药物载体与人工器官，同时，针对丝素蛋白在体的生物相容性，在体降解特性方面存在的问题，认为其在体变化机制不仅取决于与之接触体液的化学构成，也与温度，力学环境等生物物理因素有关，因此其在体变化机制是生物力学与生物流变学的因素与生物化学因素协同控制的。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of a hot-extruded Al-based composite reinforced with core-shell-structured Ti/Al3Ti

An Al-based composite reinforced with core-shell-structured Ti/Al3Ti was fabricated through a powder metallurgy route followed by hot extrusion and was found to exhibit promising mechanical properties. The ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the composite sintered at 620°C for 5 h and extruded at a mass ratio of 12.75:1 reached 304 MPa and 14%, respectively, and its compressive deformation reached 60%. The promising mechanical properties are due to the core-shell-structured reinforcement, which is mainly composed of Al3Ti and Ti and is bonded strongly with the Al matrix, and to the reduced crack sensitivity of Al3Ti. The refined grains after hot extrusion also contribute to the mechanical properties of this composite. The mechanical properties might be further improved through regulating the rela-tive thickness of Al-Ti intermetallics and Ti metal layers by adjusting the sintering time and the subsequent extrusion process.     

Self-assembly of N-3-γ-pyridyl Aza[60]fulleroid on Au(111)

Self-assembled monolayers of novel C₆₀ derivative, N-3-γ-pyridyl Aza[60]fulleroid (C₆₀Py), on Au(111) were studied by a scanning tunneling microscope under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV). C₆₀Py molecules were assembled on Au (111) via pyridyl nitrogen-Au interaction. The sole assembly of C₆₀Py molecules on Au (111) only exhibited randoml aggregation of C₆₀Py even the films were annealed at 50 and 105°C. By co-assembling with benzyl mercaptan (BM), the C₆₀PyBM films showed highly dense aggregation, but C₆₀Py assemblies still had disordered structure. After the co-assembled C₆₀Py-BM films were annealed at 50°C, BM molecules were partially desorbed, but the assembly of C₆₀Py remained without obvious change. After the co-assembled C₆₀Py-BM films were further annealed at 105°C, the C₆₀Py monolayers with ordered structure were obtained, while the BM molecules were nearly thoroughly desorbed from the surface. Here, the BM molecules play a key role as a surfactant in the formation of the ordered C₆₀Py monolayer.     

静态再结晶处理对Co36Fe36Cr18Ni8Ti2合金力学性能与耐腐蚀性的影响

对冷变形后的Co₃₆Fe₃₆Cr₁₈Ni₈Ti₂合金在700 ℃和800 ℃下再结晶退火,制备成具有高强度及良好耐蚀性的多主元合金。采用电子背散射衍射（electron back-scattered diffraction, EBSD）表征了合金的相分布、再结晶组织以及晶界分布等微观结构特征,采用静态拉伸试验测试了合金的力学性能。结果表明,700 ℃退火的合金断后伸长率较低,但其抗拉强度与屈服强度分别达到了1 038和956 MPa。采用电化学工作站与扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscope, SEM）表征了合金在模拟体液中的耐蚀性。结果表明,700 ℃退火的样品具有较好的耐蚀性,腐蚀后的样品表面较为均匀。结合力学性能可知,700 ℃退火的样品具有作为新型医用金属材料的潜力。     

层状砂岩静动力学特性对比

文章为研究层状砂岩在冲击荷载和静荷载作用下层状砂岩的力学特性,对层理倾角为0°、15°、30°、45°、60°、75°、90°的试样进行冲击压缩实验和静力压缩实验。对2种试验的结果进行对比分析发现：随层面倾角增大,砂岩峰值强度先减小再后增大;试样冲击压缩时试样峰值强度较大;静载条件下,随角度的增大,弹性模量与强度均而先增加后减小再增加,冲击压缩时,随角度的增加,弹性模量的变化呈先增加再减小的趋势,强度的变化呈先减小后增大的“U”形;单轴压缩实验中,倾角为0°~75°试样发生剪切破坏,倾角为90°的试样发生劈裂和剪切混合破坏;冲击荷载作用下,试样在倾角0°~60°时破碎形状为块状,倾角在75°和90°时破坏形状为块状和片状混合。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of a hot-extruded Al-based composite reinforced with core-shell-structured Ti/Al3Ti

An Al-based composite reinforced with core-shell-structured Ti/Al₃Ti was fabricated through a powder metallurgy route followed by hot extrusion and was found to exhibit promising mechanical properties. The ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the composite sintered at 620℃ for 5h and extruded at a mass ratio of 12.75:1 reached 304 MPa and 14%, respectively, and its compressive deformation reached 60%. The promising mechanical properties are due to the core-shell-structured reinforcement, which is mainly composed of Al₃Ti and Ti and is bonded strongly with the Al matrix, and to the reduced crack sensitivity of Al₃Ti. The refined grains after hot extrusion also contribute to the mechanical properties of this composite. The mechanical properties might be further improved through regulating the relative thickness of Al-Ti intermetallics and Ti metal layers by adjusting the sintering time and the subsequent extrusion process.     

Growth of C60(111) single crystalline thin film on Ni3Co(111) substrate

Conclusions We have studied C₆₀ films grown on Ni₃Co(111) single-crystalline substrate using hotwall diffusion method. The XRD and SEM results show that high-quality C₆₀ (111) singlecrystalline film with grain size of ∼ 1 μm can be obtained at the substrate temperature of 150 ° C. Due to the strong interfacial interaction between C₆₀ and Ni₃Co(111) substrates, temperature has much more influence on the orientation of the film than that of the film grown on nonmetallic substrates. The film grown at 100 ° C has a weak orientational order and the film grown at 200 ° C is randomly oriented.     

温度荷载下半整体无缝斜桥搭板的力学性能研究

为研究半整体无缝斜桥搭板在温度荷载下的受力性能,用ABAQUS软件建立了搭板的有限元模型,并依托浙江湖州贯边桥工程的实测数据校准该模型.通过改变斜交角、基层和搭板垫层类型,对半整体无缝斜桥搭板在极端温度荷载作用下的平面内受力性能进行了研究.结果表明:当斜交角在15°~60°间,半整体无缝斜桥搭板的最大应力均发生在近桥端的顶层钝角处,建议设计时该角部位置的钢筋配筋率应大于其它角部的配筋率;在温度荷载下,基层选用沥青碎石或水泥碎石对搭板的最大应力影响很小;选用砂土作为垫层时,能较大程度地减小搭板内的应力,在进行半整体无缝斜桥的设计时,宜选用砂土作为搭板的垫层.     

壳聚糖/玉米淀粉基质复合膜的制备与性能分析

以壳聚糖和玉米淀粉为主要基质,分别加入甘油、聚乙烯醇、明胶和气相二氧化硅,采用溶液共混后流延方法制备食品包装膜。分析了壳聚糖和玉米淀粉的最佳质量比以及添加剂的用量对包装膜力学性能和吸水率的影响。结果表明：当壳聚糖和玉米淀粉质量比为100：214,甘油含量为玉米淀粉质量的20%时,壳聚糖/玉米淀粉膜的综合性能较好;聚乙烯醇含量为玉米淀粉质量的60%、明胶固含量为玉米淀粉质量的10%、气态二氧化硅固含量为玉米淀粉质量的4%时,所得膜在各自系列膜中的性能较佳。     

离子液体中丝素/聚乙烯醇共混膜的制备及表征

采用离子液体氯化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑（BMIMCl）溶解丝素（SF）,获得BMIMCl/SF溶液,再与聚乙烯醇（PVA）水溶液共混,制备得到PVA/SF共混膜。共混膜经红外光谱、紫外可见光谱、对水接触角、拉力试验等表征。结果表明,溶液共混使共混膜中SF与PVA发生了化学键键合,乙醇处理使共混膜中SF主要以β-折叠结构存在。随着SF含量的增加,共混膜的透光率逐渐变小,亲水性则逐渐增大。