内燃机缸套-活塞系统摩擦学与动力学行为耦合分析

建立了内燃机缸套—活塞系统油膜润滑与动力学行为的耦合分析模型，并用数值方法对单缸四冲程内燃机进行了仿真分析。在分析中同时考虑了活塞二阶运动和缸体振动对缸套—活塞间油膜润滑的影响。缸体结构振动响应用有限元法来计算，缸套和活塞间的流体润滑计算通过有限差分法求解平均雷诺方程进行，其中考虑了微凸体接触的作用。在考虑缸套—活塞油膜润滑与缸体结构振动、活塞二阶运动耦合作用的情况下，计算出了缸套—活塞间润滑油膜的最小油膜厚度、摩擦力、摩擦功耗等，同时也分析了活塞二阶运动的变化。通过与不考虑缸体振动时的相应结果对比表明：考虑缸体的结构振动后，缸套—活塞间的摩擦力和摩擦功耗减小，油膜厚度、活塞的二阶运动位移及速度增大。     

曲轴系柔性多体动力学与动力润滑耦合仿真

以建立内燃机曲轴系统更精确的动力学模型为目的,利用ADAMS建立了曲轴系柔性多体系统动力学模型,并联合使用ADAMS和EHD(弹性流体动力学)用户定义子程序建立了油膜流体动力学模型,进行了曲轴系柔性多体系统动力学与油膜动力润滑的耦合仿真,将不计入油膜作用时的多体系统动力学仿真结果与计入油膜作用时的耦合仿真结果进行比较.同时,得到了曲轴主轴承轴心轨迹,并分析了入口压力、入口温度、发动机转速和负荷对轴心轨迹的影响.     

机体弹性变形对主轴承润滑特性的影响

为揭示机体弹性变形对曲轴主轴承润滑特性的影响,在考虑整机体和曲轴弹性的条件下,建立发动机曲柄连杆机构多柔体动力学模型,耦合基于质量守恒边界条件的广义雷诺方程和Greenwood/Tripp接触模型,分析机体弹性变形对曲轴主轴承润滑特性的影响。结果表明:与刚性机体相比,计入机体弹性变形后,各主轴承的润滑特性随曲轴转角的变化趋势与将缸体处理为刚性时基本一致;润滑油平均端泄量和总摩擦功耗在一个工作循环内均变化较小;润滑油最小油膜厚度、最大油膜压力和轴承的最大粗糙接触压力在一个工作循环内的某些时刻变化明显。     

柴油机活塞缸套摩擦副润滑和多柔体动力学耦合特性

为研究四冲程车用柴油机活塞-缸套摩擦副的动力学及润滑特性,提出了一种新的活塞-缸套摩擦动力学耦合模型.模型中采用绝对节点坐标公式(ANCF)描述活塞-连杆-曲轴多柔体动力系统,采用平均雷诺方程和微凸体接触理论描述混合润滑模型,基于商用软件结合二次开发程序实现仿真计算.对活塞缸套摩擦副的润滑动力学计算分析表明,由于缸内压力和活塞敲击作用,缸套会产生最大值为23.6μm的瞬时变形.与刚体模型相比,考虑部件的弹性变形不仅会使活塞横向位移增加40%,还会使得活塞润滑域出现油膜压力的局部集中.另外,柔体模型的循环平均功耗更小,与刚体模型相比相差17.7%.     

柴油机曲轴系多体动力学仿真分析

基于虚拟样机技术,结合有限元法(FEM)和多体系统仿真(MSS)方法,对柴油机曲轴系进行多体动力学仿真分析。首先建立了包括曲轴柔性体以及活塞连杆组等刚性体在内的三维实体曲轴系多体动力学模型,通过进行曲轴系统在发动机真实工况下的柔性多体动力学仿真计算,得到柴油机主轴承载荷和活塞侧推力等数据。研究结果表明,柔性多体动力学仿真分析结果与实际情况基本相符,可以很好的描述曲轴系动力学特性,从而为内燃机整机振动、噪声分析提供可靠的边界条件。     

电主轴角接触球轴承摩擦学和动力学耦合分析

基于弹性流体动力润滑理论和动力学理论,对角接触球轴承(主轴轴承)进行摩擦学特性和动力学特性耦合研究.在Ansys软件中建立考虑主轴轴承摩擦学特性的动力学仿真模型,利用有限差分法求解弹流润滑的Reyn-olds方程和弹性方程,求解轴承油膜反力,在Ansys中进行动力学仿真,输出轴承零件各种运动参数特性曲线.研究表明,速度是影响主轴轴承内部弹流油膜的重要因素,在相同的预载荷、接触角等工况条件下,陶瓷角接触球轴承的内圈油膜厚度随转速增大先增大后逐渐减小,外圈油膜厚度随转速增大开始变化不明显,随后明显减小.     

双缸柴油机曲轴主轴承弹性流体动力润滑分析

运用AVL EXCITE PU软件建立双缸机柴油机曲轴主轴承弹性流体动力润滑计算模型,计算分析了发动机最大扭矩转速下主轴承受力、最小油膜厚度、最大油膜压力、轴心轨迹等。结果表明,该双缸柴油机主轴承润滑良好,最小油膜厚度、最大油膜压力均在限值以内,符合设计要求。     

往复式冰箱压缩机曲轴动态特性与轴承润滑计算分析

提出一种往复式冰箱压缩机受动态载荷作用的悬臂曲轴动态特性及其主副滑动轴承油膜厚度的计算分析方法。采用压缩机汽缸内压力变化实测数据,考虑活塞、连杆与曲轴所受气体力和惯性力,建立了曲轴与电机转子横向位移与倾斜动力学方程;采用滑动轴承有限长油膜模型,并用有限元离散化方法数值逼近;观测了过负荷工况寿命试验后曲轴磨损情况,测量了曲轴圆度。对样机的计算分析结果表明:压缩机工作时,曲轴除转动与平移外,倾斜方位也在不断变化,但上部中心基本上在第一象限内,而下部在第三象限,转角为0°时曲轴倾斜最大;额定与过负荷工况下,曲轴与轴承孔上部会发生偏磨,而轴承与轴承孔下端过负荷工况会发生偏磨;增加曲轴直径,主副轴承最大偏心率都会减少,最小油膜厚度明显增加;转速增大会使主轴承油膜厚度减小,而副轴承油膜厚度增加。该结果可为节能环保冰箱压缩机的研发提供参考。     

自由活塞内燃发电机活塞环摩擦特性研究

为验证自由活塞内燃发电机摩擦损失小的潜在优势,建立了活塞环混合润滑模型.通过数值求解,分别获得了同缸径的曲轴式内燃机和自由活塞内燃发电机的活塞环与缸套间的油膜厚度、摩擦力和摩擦功率.对比分析表明,两者的活塞环油膜厚度相近,平均摩擦功率近似相等.自由活塞的活塞环摩擦力峰值较大,持续时间较短.如果考虑凸轮、曲轴等其他部件的摩擦损耗,则在总机械摩擦损失方面,自由活塞内燃发电机相比曲轴式内燃机具有显著优势.     

考虑空穴和微观弹流润滑效应的连杆大头轴承热弹流混合润滑分析

基于多体动力学原理建立了考虑空穴效应和微观弹流润滑效应的连杆大头轴承热弹性流体动力混合润滑的计算模型,提出了穴蚀位置的识别方法,分析了轴承润滑状态并获得了轴承摩擦损失的热量分配方法.结果表明:连杆大头轴承处于混合润滑状态,其粗糙接触发生在上轴瓦顶部的两侧边缘;结合轴心轨迹、润滑油填充率、润滑油填充率的变化率和液动油膜压力变化率可以有效识别穴蚀位置;连杆大头轴承的平均摩擦功率为0.44kW,最大粗糙摩擦功率仅为111.1mW,但对其瞬时摩擦功率的监测并不能判断局部的润滑状态;大头轴承的润滑热量散失以热传导为主要方式.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with