具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

英汉句法差异及其转换翻译浅议

语言是思维的外壳，思维是语言的脊梁。英汉两民族思维习惯的不同，造就了英汉两种语言句法上的根本差异。这些差异具体表现为形态语和无形态语、树型结构与线型结构、形合与意合、有主句和无主句、人称主语句式与非人称主语句式以及句首重心与句尾重心之间的差异。充分认识这些差异，并在翻译过程中进行相应转换和调整，才能使译自如圆润。     

炼油企业生产经营规划决策模型

企业综合发展规划是一个综合考虑企业内、外各种影响因素,并对企业重大生产经营活动及其各种资源从时间上和空间上作出具体统筹安排的综合发展纲要,它既是企业经营战略(战略方针、战略目标和战略措施等)的具体落实,又是企业各种生产经营活动的行动纲领和基本依据。所以,科学、合理的综合规划,对企业保持长期持续稳定的发展,提高企业的总体经济效益具有重要的作用和意义。文章把系统动力学方法与线性规划方法相结合,探讨了炼油企业的规划与决策问题,建立了炼油企业生产经营规划决策模型,并设计出相应的软件,其成果进行了实际应用。     

刘禹锡对贬谪文学传统的超越

刘禹锡是中国文学史上一位重要的贬谪诗人,贬谪使刘禹锡备尝忧患磨难,但也正是贬谪激发了他借文学创作抒发郁愤并与忧患抗争的动力和勇气。他不仅以巴山楚水二十三年的时间,刷新了中国文人遭贬期限的最高记录,而且以豪迈乐观的精神创造了贬谪文学豪健雄奇、冷峻犀利的崭新风貌,打破了贬谪文学沉湎于忧怨、孤愤的套数,开辟了贬谪文学写作的新路径。从他的作品中可以领悟到一种傲视忧患、独立不移的气概和迎接苦难、超越苦难的情怀,一种坚毅高洁的人格内蕴。     

写在《实验动物管理条例》发布实施三十周年

《实验动物管理条例》（以下简称条例）是我国第一部关于实验动物管理工作的行政法规）《条例》实施30年来,在实验动物工作规范化、法制化管理,保障实验动物和动物实验的质量,推动我国科技发展和民生保障等方面发挥了重要作用。但随着科技进步、社会经济发展和立法工作的深入,实验动物科学研究和管理工作中出现了诸多新情况和新问题,《条例》在实验动物管理工作中的作用已不能完全适应科技创新、经济与社会发展的需要。因此,修订《条例》并将其上升到法律层面,对规范实验动物管理工作,保证实验动物质量,保障实验动物福利,维护公共卫生安全,支撑科技创新,以及促进国际科技合作与交流具有非常重要的意义。     

从汉英对比看对比语言学问题

世界各民族语言存在着一致性和相异性。从汉英对比可以看出，一致性表现在概念的一致性，思维的一致性和句子结构一致性等。相异性表现在化和宗教信仰、地理环境、气候不同形成不同表达方式、对句子成分不同认识导致句子结构差异、思维反应现实要素顺序不同导致词序差异、思维模式的不同导致篇章语义结构模式的不同等等。对一致性和相异性共时研究是对比语言学的根本任务。它对外语学习、外语教学和翻译有着重要的指导意义。     

整流装置故障检测与诊断报警系统的设计

本文具体论述了以PLC为控制核心的硬件系统设计,脉冲的产生、整流装置的实时监控、诊断和报警均由PLC完成,数据采集单元由电流传感器、数/模转换器、电气元件等组成。论述了实现实时监控、诊断和报警的控制系统的软件设计。     

贵州葫芦科、桔梗科等六个科药用植物资源的研究

通过野外调查、标本采集、分类学研究及资料考证,对贵州列当科、车前科、忍冬科、川续断科、葫芦科、桔梗科药用植物资源的种类、地理分布及拉丁学名等进行考证和调查研究。结果发现贵州现有列当科药用植物5种,车前科4种,忍冬科46种8变种2亚种1变型,川续断科3种,葫芦科51种7变种,桔梗科33种3变种2亚种,其中1种为贵州地理分布新记录属和种,6种为贵州地理分布新记录种,27种1变种1亚种1变型为贵州药用新资源。     

《兰亭集序》汉译英转换中的中西文化对比

在《兰亭集序》汉译英转换过程中,中西方文化在思维方式、句式结构、语法演绎转换、文化典故运用和语言结构形式等方面,均表现出巨大差异.译者只有深入领会和理解源语和目的语在社会、历史和文化上的差异,才能实现准确巧妙的翻译转换目的.     

Authorware中数据库的开发和应用

随着社会信息容量的日益膨胀,多媒体教学软件中需要处理的数据越来越多,多媒体制作工具软件与数据库技术的结合越来越密切.详细地论述了在多媒体制作软件Authorware中数据库开发和应用的准备知识和关键步骤,并通过实例介绍了在Authorware中数据库的开发和应用的设计方法和开发过程.