Synthesis of graphene on a Ni film by radio-frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition

Large-area single-or multilayer graphene of high quality is synthesized on Ni films by radio-frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF-PECVD) at a relatively low temperature (650℃).In the deposition process,a trace amount of CH4 gas (2-8 sccm (sccm denotes standard cubic centimeter per minute at STP)) is introduced into the PECVD chamber and only a short deposition time (30-60 s) is used.Single-or multilayer graphene is obtained because carbon atoms from the discharging CH4 diffuse into the Ni film and then segregate out at its surface.The layer number of the obtained graphene increases when the deposition time or CH4 gas flow rate is increased.This investigation shows that PECVD is a simple,low-cost,and effective technique to synthesize large-area single-or multilayer graphene,which has potential for application as electronic devices.     

Porous graphene: Properties, preparation, and potential applications

Graphene has recently emerged as an important and exciting material.Inspired by its outstanding properties,many researchers have extensively studied graphene-related materials both experimentally and theoretically.Porous graphene is a collection of graphene-related materials with nanopores in the plane.Porous graphene exhibits properties distinct from those of graphene,and it has widespread potential applications in various fields such as gas separation,hydrogen storage,DNA sequencing,and supercapacitors.In this review,we summarize recent progress in studies of the properties,preparation,and potential applications of porous graphene,and show that porous graphene is a promising material with great potential for future development.     

Preferential Oxidation of CO in a Hydrogen-Rich Gas Through Au/NaY Catalytic Membranes

This paper describes novel Au/NaY catalytic membranes for preferential oxidation of CO (CO-PROX) in an H2-rich gas. NaY zeolite membranes with a high CO2/N2 separation factor were loaded with nanosized Au particles using an ion-exchanged method. X-ray diffraction analyses showed that the structure of the NaY zeolite was not damaged by the ion exchange process. CO-PROX experiments showed that the catalytic membranes had excellent catalytic performance for selective oxidation of CO. The CO/H2 molar ratio on the permeate side decreased with increasing operating temperature in the range of 80-200℃. At 200℃, almost no CO was detected from the permeate stream of a catalytic membrane with the feed con-taining 0.67% CO, 1.33% O2, 32.67% H2, and He in balance. Thus, these Au/NaY catalytic membranes show a promise for CO removal from hydrogen fuels.     

Lattice-Boltzmann simulation of microscale CH4 flow in porous rock subject to force-induced deformation

Accurate knowledge of the influence of rock deformation on the permeability of fluid flow is of great significance to a variety of engineering applications, such as simultaneous extraction of coal and gas, oil/gas exploitation, CO2 geological sequestration, and under- ground water conservation. Based on the CT representation of pore structures of sandstones, a LBM （Lattice Boltz- mann Method） for simulating CH4 flOW in pore spaces at microscale levels and a parallel LBM algorithm for large- size porous models are developed in this paper. The properties of CH4 flow in porous sandstones and the effects of pore structure are investigated using LBM. The simu- lation is validated by comparing the results with the mea- sured data. In addition, we incorporate LBM and FEM to probe the deformation of microstructures due to applied triaxial forces and its influence on the properties of CH4 flow. It is shown that the proposed method is capable of visually and quantitatively describing the characteristics of microstructure, spatial distribution of flow velocity of CH4,permeability, and the influences of deformation of pore spaces on these quantities as well. It is shown that there is a good consistency between LBM simulation and experi- mental measurement in terms of the permeability of sandstone with various porosities.     

Hydrogen Adsorption on Metal-Organic Framework MOF-177

This review summarizes the recent literature on the synthesis, characterization, and adsorption properties of meal-organic framework MOF-177. MOF-177 is a porous crystalline material that consists of Zn4O tetrahedrons connected with benzene tribenzoate (BTB) ligands. It is an ideal adsorbent with an exceptionally high specific surface area (BET4500 m2/g), a uniform micropore size distribution with a median pore diameter of 12.7 ?, a large pore volume (2.65 cm3/g), and very promising adsorption properties for hydrogen storage and other gas separation and purification applications. A hydrogen adsorption amount of 19.6 wt.% on MOF-177 at 77 K and 100 bar was observed, and a CO2 uptake of 35 mmol/g on MOF-177 was measured at 45 bar and an ambient temperature. Other hydrogen properties (kinetics and heat of adsorption) along with adsorption of other gases including CO2, CO, CH4, and N2O on MOF-177 were also be discussed. It was observed in experiments that MOF-177 adsorbent tends to degrade or decompose when it is exposed to moisture. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the structure of MOF-177 remains intact at temperatures below 330℃ under a flow of oxygen, but decomposes to zinc oxide at 420℃.     

Effects of the flow rate of hydrogen on the growth of graphene

Graphene samples with different morphologies were fabricated on the inside of copper enclosures by low pressure chemical vapor deposition and tuning the flow rate of hydrogen. It is found that the flow rate of hydrogen greatly influences the growth of graphene. Thermodynamic analysis indicates that a higher flow rate of hydrogen is favorable to the formation of good quality graphene with regular morphology. However, the mass-transfer process of methane dominates the growth driving force. At very low pressure, mass-transfer proceeds by Knudsen diffusion, and the mass-transfer flux of methane decreases as the flow rate of hydrogen increases, leading to a decrease in the growth driving force. At a higher pressure, mass-transfer proceeds by Fick's diffusion, and the mass-transfer flux of methane is dominated by the gas velocity, whose variation determines the growth driving force variation of graphene.     

Characteristic parameters and operational curves of g-Al_2O_3 nanofiltration membranes

Inorganic nanofiltration (NF) membrane is a kind of new type separation membrane that has been developed on the basis of polymeric NF membrane. Inorganic NF membranes have a number of advantages as comparedwith polymeric NF membranes. They offer a highermechanical strength, are very resistant to organic solvent and can be used in a rather wide pH and temperaturerange. But, the study on the characteristic parameters and operational curves of them is very insufficient heretoforebecause the p…     

Concentration profile of jet gas in the feed injection zone of a FCC riser

The concentration profiles of jet gas are investigated in the feed injection zone of a cold-model FCC riser by using a hydrogen trace technique. Experimental results demonstrate that four types of jet gas concentration profiles can be used to describe the mixing between the jet gas and pre-lift gas in the feed injection zone. The four types are a distinct M-shaped profile for weak mixing, an indistinct Mshaped profile for medium mixing, a sharp profile for strong mixing, and a parabolic profile for full mixing. The heights for regions of initial and full mixing reduce when decreasing the jet gas velocity or increasing the pre-lift gas velocity. Furthermore, the momentum ratio, Mj/Mr, （where Mj is the momentum of jet gas, Mr is the mixture momentum of pre-lift gas and solid particles） is introduced to describe the effects of gas-solid physical properties, operating conditions, and equipment configuration on the jet gas concentration distribution. The heights for regions of initial and full mixing between jet gas and pre-lift gas are found to be 0-0.375 and 0.375 0.675 m when Mj/Mr 〈 0.29.0.375 0.675 and 1.075 1.375 m when Mj/Mr 〉 0.54, and 0-0.375 and 0.675 1.075 m when MJMr between 0.29 and 0.54, respectively.     

Self-rolled TiO_2 microscroll/graphene composite for electrochemical dopamine sensing

Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter,and nonenzyme electrochemical sensor of dopamine detection based on highly active material is urgently demanded.In this work,an electrochemical sensor with high sensitivity and selectivity based on self-rolled TiO_2microscroll/graphene composite was developed and validated for dopamine sensing.The device exhibited a superior performance for dopamine detection with a detection limit of 4.25×10~(-9)mol L~(-1),and in the dopamine concentration range of 0.06–90μmol L~(-1),the oxidation currents increased linearly with the concentration.The remarkable performance enhancement was mainly ascribed to the increased surface area due to the porous surface of the TiO_2nanomembrane and highly conductive graphene therein.In addition,we have demonstrated that the sensor could be effectively used on detecting dopamine concentrations in urine samples.Our work demonstrates that the current microscroll-based device is promising in the field of real-time health monitoring for future human community.     

Experimental study to confirm the existence of hydrocarbon under high pressure and temperature of deep lithosphere

Previous studies indicated that the existence of over- pressure in sedimentary basins not only affects the as- sessment of oil and gas resources, but also closely re- lates to the accumulation and preservation of petroleumin deep reservoirs[1,2]. It is well known that there are more than 180 overpressure basins in the world. Be- cause fluid pressure is transient in sedimentary basin over geologic time, the effect of increasing pressure on organic matter metamorphism is difficult to determine, …     

Effect of Extractant and Cold-drawing on the Structure and Performance of FIDPE Hollow Fiber Membranes Fabricated via Thermally Induced Phase Separation Method

Microporous polyolefin hollow fiber membranes were prepared from high density polyethylene （HDPE）-paraffin solution via thermally induced phase separation （TIPS） method. Effects of extraction and cold-drawing condition on membrane structure and performance were investigated.Five volatile solvents were used as extractant. Dimension of hollow fiber and gas permeation rate of membrane were measured. Mierostructure of membrane was examined by Scanning Electronic Microscope （SEM）. The results show that the membrane treated by pentane possesses a higher porosity, nitrogen permeability and lower shrinkage than those of membranes extracted by other three extractants. It is also found that the membrane stretched 133% shows the highest porosity and gas permeability in this study.     

A novel Pd/silicalite-1 composite membrane for hydrogen separation

A novel Pd/silicalite-1 composite membrane supported on the macroporous tubular stainless steel substrate was successfully fabricated by electroless plating at 303 K. The structure, morphology and gaseous permeability of the membrane were detected by X-ray diffractiometry （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and single-gas permeation test, respectively. Results confirm the formation of a thin, smooth, and continuous Pd/silicalite-1 composite membrane. The obtained composite membrane shows a high H2 permeance of 1.15×10^-6 mol. m^-2. s^-1. Pa^-1 with moderate H2 selectivity of 250 for H2/N2 at 773 K, at 0.1 MPa pressure drop, suggesting the potential application for H2 separation.     

Osmotic Pressure of Water in Nafion~

Mechanical failure modes leading to cracks or breeches in proton exchange membrane fuel cells are driven by mechanical forces associated with swelling from water uptake and shrinkage from dehumidifi-cation. To determine the magnitude of compressive mechanical stress imposed by water swelling in a proton exchange fuel-cell membrane, the osmotic pressure of water in a perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer (Nafion? N 117) membrane was measured using a hydrostatic piston-cylinder device with an in-situ hydrophilic frit. Experiments indicate that hydrostatic stresses greater than 103.5 MPa are created in a membrane when swollen with water at 23℃ suggesting that pressure from water swelling can distort Nafion N 117-based structures as the osmotic pressure is of the same order of magnitude as the flow stress of Nafion N 117.     

Pervaporation of organic liquid/ water mixtures through a novel silicone copolymer membrane

Polydimethylsiloxane-ladder like phenylsilsesquioxane copolymer as a novel membrane material has good film-forming ability, high mechanical properties and low swelling capacity. The copolymer membrane displays the permselectivity of organic liquid for the pervaporation of organic liquid/water mixtures. The pervaporation of aqueous solution of ethanol through the membrane has been investigated. High separation factor can be obtained in the range of low ethanol concentration. The flux of ethanol increases and the flux of water keeps constant as the concentration of ethanol in feed increases. The membrane shows good stability of separation at room temperature to 70℃. The comparison of the pervaporation behavior of the aqueous solutions of methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, acetone, THF reveals that the magnitude of the separation factors and the fluxes increases in the following order: methanol相似文献   

Stationary entanglement of two atoms in a common reservoir

We study the dynamics of two entangled atoms interacting with a common structured reservoir. By means of the exact solution of atomic dynamics, we show a novel quantum interference controlled by the relative phase of initial entangled state of the atoms. The quantum interference has a great influence on trapped excited-state population and stationary entanglement of the atoms. In particular, we construct an explicit condition under which atomic stationary entanglement can grow over their initial value.     

银在M-掺杂石墨烯上吸附的第一性原理计算

Graphene is an ideal reinforcing phase for a high-performance composite filler, which is of great theoretical and practical significance for improving the wettability and reliability of the filler. However, the poor adsorption characteristics between graphene and the silver base filler significantly affect the application of graphene filler in the brazing field. It is a great challenge to improve the adsorption characteristics between a graphene and silver base filler. To solve this issue, the adsorption characteristic between graphene and silver was studied with first principle calculation. The effects of Ga, Mo, and W on the adsorption properties of graphene were explored. There are three possible adsorbed sites, the hollow site (H), the bridge site (B), and the top site (T). Based on this research, the top site is the most preferentially adsorbed site for Ag atoms, and there is a strong interaction between graphene and Ag atoms. Metal element doping enhances local hybridization between C or metal atoms and Ag. Furthermore, compared with other doped structures (Ga and Mo), W atom doping is the most stable adsorption structure and can also improve effective adsorption characteristic performance between graphene and Ag.     

A kinetic model for describing effect of the external surface concentration of TiO_2 on the reactivity of egg-shell activated carbon supported TiO_2 photocatalys

The porous support supported TiO2 is considered to be the promising photocatalyst due to the fact that it is easily recovered from water and has high capacity to mineralize pollutants. Obviously, the expected structure of this kind of photocatalyst is egg-shell, that is, TiO2 is mainly on the external surface of the porous support. The reactivity of the supported photocatalyst strongly depends on the concentration of TiO2 on the external surface of the porous support. In this study, a kinetic model was developed to describe the effect of the external surface concentration of TiO2 (CESC) on the reactivity of egg-shell activated carbon (AC) supported TiO2 photocatalysts. It was found that the obtained model precisely described the effect of CESC, on the reactivity of TiO2/AC photocatalysts. This study can be used to deeply understand the performance of TiO2/AC catalysts and to provide valuable information on designing efficient supported TiO2 photocatalysts.     

Zr-pillared montmoril lonite supported cobalt nanoparticles for Fischer – Tropsch synthesis

In this article Fischer–Tropsch(FT) synthesis was studied over cobalt nanoparticles supported on modifed Montmorillonite(Zr-PILC).Co-loaded/Zr-PILC catalysts were synthesized by hydrothermal methods and were characterized by XRD,XRF,BET,H2-TPR,TGA and SEM techniques.FT reactions were carried out in fxed bed microreactor(T 225 1C,260 1C and 275 1C,P 1,5 and 10 bars).The FT-products obtained over Co-loaded/Zr-PILC catalysts showed increased selectivity of C2–C12hydrocarbons and decreased selectivity towards CH4and higher molecular weight hydrocarbons(C21) at a TOS of 2–30 h as compared to the Co-loaded/NaMMT catalysts.With increase in reaction temperature from225 1C to 275 1C,CO-conversion and CH4selectivity increases while that of C5+hydrocarbons decreases.Decrease in CH4selectivity while increase in C5+hydrocarbons and CO-conversion were observed on increasing the pressure of reaction.     

Reactive ion etching of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) copolymer for flexible piezoelectric devices

A microfabrication process for poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene)(P(VDF-TrFE)) based flexible piezoelectric devices is proposed using heat controlled spin coating and reactive ion etching(RIE) techniques.Dry etching of P(VDF-TrFE) in CF 4 +O2 plasma is found to be more effective than that using SF 6 +O2 or Ar+O2 feed gas with the same radiofrequency power and pressure conditions.A maximum etching rate of 400 nm/min is obtained using the CF 4 +O2 plasma with an oxygen concentration of 60% at an antenna power of 200 W and a platen power of 20 W.The oxygen atoms and fluorine atoms are found to be responsible for the chemical etching process.Microstructuring of P(VDF-TrFE) with a feature size of 10 m is achieved and the patterned films show a high remanent polarization of 63.6mC/m 2.     

A kinetic model for describing effect of the external surface concentration of TiO2 on the reactivity of eggshell activated carbon supported TiO2 photocatalyst

The porous support supported TiO2 is considered to be the promising photocatalyst due to the fact that it is easily recovered from water and has high capacity to mineralize pollutants. Obviously, the expected structure of this kind of photocatalyst is egg-shell, that is, TiO2 is mainly on the external surface of the porous support. The reactivity of the supported photocatalyst strongly depends on the concentration of TiO2 on the external surface of the porous support. In this study, a kinetic model was developed to describe the effect of the external surface concentration of TiO2 （CESC） on the reactivity of egg-shell activated carbon （AC） supported TiO2 photocatalysts. It was found that the obtained model precisely described the effect of CESC, on the reactivity of TiO2/AC photocatalysts. This study can be used to deeply understand the performance of TiO2/AC catalysts and to provide valuable information on designing efficient supported TiO2 photocatalysts.