不同方法制备的Pt对电极染料敏化太阳能电池的光电性能研究

采用磁控溅射（sputtering）、高温热分解（high-temp）H2Pt Cl6·6H2O溶液和低温化学还原（low-temp）H2Pt Cl6·6H2O溶液等方法在FTO导电基片上制备了三类不同的Pt对电极,通过改变磁控溅射时间或旋涂退火循环次数,对FTO上不同对电极的载Pt量进行了调节.分析了三种不同方法制备的对电极的晶相结构、表面形貌以及透光率等特性.基于纳米管阵列和不同条件制备的对电极组装了系列染料敏化太阳能电池.测量了正照射和背照射条件下的电池光电性能,并分析了制备方法对对电极微结构和形貌的影响,以及对组装电池光电性能的影响,并对其各自的适用性和优缺点进行了比较分析.     

染料敏化太阳能电池用电解质的研究现状

染料敏化太阳能电池(DSC)近年已经成为一个研究热点。电解质作为染料敏化太阳能电池的一个重要组成部分对电池性能影响较大。本文综述了目前国内外染料敏化太阳能电池用电解质的研究发展现状。按照电解质的物理状态将电解质分为液态电解质、准固态电解质和固态电解质分别予以介绍,并比较了使用这三种电解质的太阳能电池的优缺点。     

染料敏化太阳能电池的研究进展

综述了染料敏化太阳能电池的研究进展，总结了染料敏化太阳能电池关键材料：(1)染料(2)电极材料(3)电解质等的研究现状和发展趋势，指出了各自存在的问题，并提出了部分解决设想。     

一种染料敏化太阳电池用新型对电极的研究

介绍了一种新型染料敏化太阳电池用对电极结构,由基底材料、一层Al和其上的Pt构成.该新型对电极可以显著提高染料敏化电池的光电转换效率,由通常的3.46%提高到7.07%（AM1.5）.对该新型对电极的电学、光学性能以及耐腐蚀特性等进行了研究,分析了其优缺点,并提出了一系列改进方案.     

燃料电池-真空热离子混合系统的性能特性和优化分析

基于固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）和真空热离子发电器（VTIG）的粒子流及电流模型,建立考虑多种不可逆性的一类不可逆SOFC-VTIG混合功率系统的一般循环模型.通过该混合模型得到了混合功率系统的效率与输出功率表达式,应用数值模拟获得混合功率系统的效率和功率随系统一些重要参数变化的关系曲线,从而揭示了混合功率系统的性能特征,确定了系统一些重要性能参数的优化判据,讨论了混合功率系统中的一些不可逆损失对系统优化性能的影响.本文所得的结果可为实际SOFC-VTIG混合功率系统的优化设计和运行提供理论依据.     

染料敏化太阳能电池中电子复合的抑制

简述了染料敏化太阳能电池中电子的传递和复合的机制,以及抑制电子复合的二种方法：包覆改性和共吸附剂小分子改性,分别对包覆改性和共吸附剂小分子改性的基本作用原理和研究现状进行了介绍.     

固体氧化物燃料电池-斯特林热机混合动力系统的性能优化

应用电化学、非平衡态热力学和有限时间热力学等理论,建立包含多种不可逆损失的固体氧化物燃料电池与斯特林热机组合而成的混合动力循环系统理论模型,导出混合系统的输出功率和效率的表达式,确定混合系统的最大输出功率和最大效率及其工作在最大输出功率或工作在最大效率时的运行条件,给出系统的优化工作区域,详细讨论了热力学循环过程的不可逆性对混合系统优化性能的影响,探讨了固体氧化物燃料电池与斯特林热机之间的最佳匹配关系.所得结果可为实际混合动力系统的设计和优化运行提供理论依据.     

含分布发电配电系统的孤岛划分

提出了一基于背包问（tree knapsack problem,TKP）含分发电（distributed generation,DG）配电系统最优孤岛划分新模型;并利用深度优先动态规划算法（depth-first dynamic programming algorithm,简为DPA）进行求.该模型及了负荷优先级、可控性/不可控性,以及功率平衡、电压、设备载流量约,符合实际工程要求.所算法将含多DG的配电系统孤岛划分问分成多个TKP,然后利用DPA逐个对这些问进行求,并经过孤岛合并过程而找到最优孤岛划分方案;最后通过可行性校验和调节而到最孤岛划分方案.本文算法具有较强理论基础,算时间复杂度低,能够在有限时间内找到近似最优.算例算果验证了本文算法有效性.     

农业知识工程建设中复杂系统理论与混合计算方法研究

农业生产是一个复杂的生命系统,也是一个知识密集型的产业.本文针对传统农业生产控制和智能农业控制在农业生产这一复杂系统中存在的农业知识工程的"获取"、"表示"、"应用"和"管理"的系统性、效能性、精确性、时效性所表现出的局限性、脆弱性、孤立性、单调性,以及不能有效地解决农业信息系统所面临的关键性问题(及时掌控态势、有效控制风险、提高管理效率)进行分析,提出了以复杂系统科学理论为指导,以混合智能计算为基础,注重开展互动性的语言动力学人机交互与信息抽取、系统性的复杂知识结构设计与模型构造、机理性的领域知识关键因素识别与分析、开放型的农业(大)生产模型扩展与改造4个理论技术和病虫预报、肥水运筹、模式栽培、风险提示、价格分析、销售匹配6个科学实践研究.     

碳/玻璃纤维混合编织网增强混凝土电热性能的数值模拟与试验研究

碳/玻璃纤维混合编织网增强混凝土是一种新型纤维增强水泥基复合材料,不仅具有良好的力学性能,而且具有优异的导电性能。本文进行了碳/玻璃纤维混合编织网增强混凝小板电热升温试验,并建立数学模型,采用有限元进行数值模拟,得到了不同环境温度、导热层厚度、输入功率条件下小板表面的温度变化规律,并进行了有无隔热层情况的对比。结果表明：碳/玻璃纤维混合编织网增强混凝土通电后可以形成良好的导电加热网络,产生热量使混凝土温度升高,升温过程中电阻率十分稳定,数值分析结果与实验结果吻合较好。通过野外融雪试验,验证了该材料良好的电热融雪效果。利用碳/玻璃纤维混合编织网增强混凝土的电热性能,可以实现安全、环保、高效的融雪化冰。     

Analysis of the immune system with transgenic mice: B cell development and lymphokines

Over the last decade transgenic mice expressing genes relevant for the immune system have been generated. Transgenic expression of immunoglobulin heavy and/or light chain genes of different isotypes and different specificities have helped to better understand phenomena relevant to B cell development such as allelic exclusion of immunoglobulins and B cell tolerance. Transgenic mice expressing interleukin genes have also been used to study the ways of action of these important growth and differentiation factors in the context of the mouse immune system.     

MDR1, cholesterol certification and cell growth: a comparative study in normal and multidrug-resistant KB cell lines

The product of the MDR1 gene (P-gp) has been implicated in the transport of cholesterol from plasma membrane to endoplasmic reticulum for esterification. In previous studies on leukemia cell lines, we suggested that cholesterol esterification may regulate the rate of cell growth and that the MDR1 gene might be involved in this process by modulating intracellular cholesterol esters levels. To further investigate this matter, the rate of cell growth, cholesterol metabolism, expression of the MDR1 gene, and P-gp activity were compared in KB cell lines displaying differences in expression and function of P-gp (drug-sensitive phenotype versus MDR phenotype). The rate of cell growth correlated with cholesterol esterification in all KB cell lines, whereas the over-expression of MDR1 observed in the MDR cell lines was not always associated with an increased capacity of cells to esterify cholesterol. Two known inhibitors of P-gp activity, progesterone and verapamil, strongly inhibited both cholesterol esterification and cell proliferation in all KB cell lines, but they affected intracellular accumulation of labeled vinblastine only in MDR cell lines. These results further support a role for cholesterol esters in the regulation of cell growth and suggest that the P-gp expressed in MDR KB cells is not involved in the general process leading to cholesterol esterification. Received 14 February 2000; received after revision 10 April 2000; accepted 8 May 2000     

The Lac repressor provides a reversible gene expression system in undifferentiated and differentiated embryonic stem cell

Control of mammalian gene promoters by the bacterial LacI repressor provides reversible regulation and dose-response levels of derepressed expression by the lactose analog isopropyl thiogalactose (IPTG). Here, we show that insertion of LacI-binding sites in the ubiquitous β-actin promoter confers a strong and dose-dependent IPTG-regulatable expression of transiently transfected reporter genes in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells expressing LacI. We established ES cell lines stably expressing reporter genes under inducible control and found a five- to tenfold IPTG induction of transgene expression. The kinetics of induction is rapid and stable, and can be rapidly reversed after IPTG removal. Importantly, this regulatable expression was maintained throughout the differentiation process of ES cells, and observed in individual differentiated cardiomyocyte-like cells and neuronal-like cells. This reversible system is the first to function from undifferentiated to individual welldifferentiated ES cells, providing a very useful tool to understand molecular mechanisms underlying ES cell self-renewal, commitment and differentiation.Received 17 March 2005; received after revision 19 April 2005; accepted 25 April 2005