基于车路协同的城市应急车辆优先控制：概述与展望

面向我国城市常态应急车辆优先通行需求和车路协同智能交通发展的实际情况,总结了应急车辆优先控制发展历程和研究现状,分析并讨论了存在的问题和未来的研究重点。首先,回顾了我国常态应急车辆优先的发展情况;其次,概述了车路协同应急车辆优先控制、结合优先与路径规划的应急车辆优先控制的国内外研究现状;最后,针对当前研究存在的问题进行了讨论并立足车路协同、自动驾驶等新理论与技术的演进总结了常态应急车辆优先领域的研究重点和应着力解决的关键问题。     

突发事件下多目标应急救援物资配送路径规划

突发事件发生后,选择最优应急救援物资配送路径提高物资配送的效率和效果,是应急决策者面临的主要问题。以最小化最晚车辆服务结束时间来提高物资配送的效率,以最小化需求未满足率来保证配送公平性,从而达到良好的配送效果。在配送中心唯一的情况下,考虑道路对车型限制、道路阻断修复和道路可靠性对路径的影响,建立多目标应急救援物资配送路径优化模型。设计优先邻点交叉算子来改进基于非支配解排序的遗传算法,提高了局部搜索能力和收敛速度,通过仿真实验验证了算法和模型的有效性,为决策者选择合适的车辆配送路径提供辅助决策作用。     

基于出行链的动态随机交通分配仿真研究

提出了一个基于出行链的动态随机交通分配模型。在这个模型里,出行者选择路径以最小化他们整个出行链上的感知出行成本。基于中观的交通/活动仿真器,结合时变的K最短路算法和连续平均法,设计了模型的求解算法。通过一个算例,对基于出行链的交通分配模型进行了分析,并与传统的基于出行的交通分配模型进行了比较,结果表明,传统分配模型忽略停驻点时,所求的平均出行时间要小于实际考虑出行链时的平均出行时间。     

基于层次分析法的应急物流路径选择

根据应急物流的特点,分析了应急物流运输路径选择的各种影响因素,应用层次分析法进行多属性权重的分配。在构造判断矩阵的过程中,根据应急物流路径选择在不同阶段所追求的目标不同,提出了以不同属性偏好进行权重分配的决策方法,以适应应急物流路径选择中不同目标的追求。最后以实例说明了该方法的应用步骤。     

随机路网中风险爱好出行者的路径选择分析

为探究随机路网中有风险偏好倾向的驾车出行者的交通路径选择影响及风险倾向与路网路段拥堵之间的关系,结合风险偏好型出行者的等价路段负效用函数与Weibull随机用户均衡建立随机路网Weibull随机用户均衡(SUE)模型,以等价负效用最小化为路径选择准则设计了求解模型的算法.采用测试算例及在广州调查得到的驾车出行者风险倾向系数,分别使用等价路段负效用函数和美国联邦公路局函数作为路段绩效函数进行随机路网Weibull随机用户均衡与Logit随机用户均衡交通分配,并比较分配结果.由算例结果可以发现风险爱好型的路径选择行为会加剧某些路段拥塞.通过算例对文中提出的Weibull-SUE模型进行敏感度分析,结果表明风险偏好系数对于一些路段交通量有显著影响.这一研究将有助于展示现实随机路网中风险爱好出行者的交通流分布形态,加深对交通行为的理解.     

公交专用道选址与公交优先控制组合优化模型

针对信控网络下的公交专用道选址问题,从宏观网络优化角度提出公交专用道选址和公交信号优先控制的组合优化模型.上层模型是以最小化路网用户总出行时间(包括小汽车用户和公交车用户)为目标的公交专用道网络布局、交叉口车道功能分配和被动公交优先控制策略组合设计决策;下层模型是在信控网络下以最小广义出行成本为目标的小汽车和公交车客流分配模型.提出了基于连续权重平均法的遗传算法求解该模型,并通过算例验证了该模型的有效性与实用性.算例结果表明:相比单一公交专用道选址方案,公交专用道布设方案和公交信号优先控制方案同步优化设计能够更大程度地发挥公交优先效益,对路网通行效率的改善效果更优.     

考虑客户满意度的带时间窗的多中心半开放式冷链物流车辆路径优化

针对带时间窗的多中心半开放式车辆路径问题，以总配送成本最小化和客户满意度最大化为目标，提出了双目标冷链物流路径优化模型。针对NSGA-Ⅱ算法容易陷入局部最优等缺点，结合粒子群算法生成种群方式，设计一种改进的NSGA-Ⅱ算法。通过仿真对比实验，结果表明，所提出的算法和模型可有效解决带时间窗的多中心半开放式冷链物流车辆路径优化问题，且改进算法性能更优，同时分析了总配送成本与客户满意度之间的关系，为冷链物流企业带来一定的管理启示。     

考虑路径风险的不确定需求应急物流定位-路径问题

针对突发事件发生后路网和救援物资需求的不确定性,考虑路径运行时间超期风险、路网通行能力风险、路径复杂性及应急物资需求不确定性,以应急物资运达总时间最小和系统总成本最小为目标,建立了基于随机机会约束规划的多目标应急物流定位-路径模型,设计了改进的遗传算法对其进行求解,采用罚函数法处理模型中的约束条件.算例分析验证了模型的合理性和算法的可行性.     

交通网络用户平衡模型的直接推导

交通网络用户平衡模型的直接推导刘法胜傅白白（山东师范大学信息管理学院，济南２５００１４）（大连理工大学应用数学系，大连１１６０２３）１用户最优先出行原则交通需求在交通网络上的分配是交通规划中的重要环节，交通分配的实质是对交通出行路径选择过程的模拟，...     

基于需求紧迫度的约束性应急物资车辆路径模型

为了实现科学、高效的灾后应急响应,针对传统路径规划中单目标、单车场、单次配送、无差别化供给、闭合式调度等多方面限制,开展基于需求紧迫度的约束性应急物资车辆路径研究。运用层次分析法对需求紧迫度进行赋权分级,以应急救援过程的响应时间、配送延误惩罚与需求未满意率最小化为目标,构建约束性应急物资车辆路径模型,并设计两阶段遗传算法。通过算例检验算法与模型的有效性和适用性。结果表明：该模型可有效解决资源紧缺、受灾程度异化情况下的物资配送问题,形成适用于突发自然灾害事件的动态应急物资车辆路径规划方案,实现突发路况处理与资源效能最大化,并为应急物资的车辆路径规划提供理论依据与决策参考。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with