工艺条件下(1+n)多股流一维传热组织原则优化

在满足多股流换热工艺要求的前提下,分析了一股冷流与多股热流(或者一股热流与多股冷流换热)形成的(1+n)多股流换热过程的最佳组织原则.通过泛函数法,在给定火积耗散条件下求解所需最小换热面积.结果表明:换热工艺条件下,换热过程中保持换热系数的开平方与换热温差的乘积均匀时,(1+n)多股流换热过程最优,所需换热面积最小,而温差场均匀性原则并不是换热器设计的最佳原则.     

多股流换热器传递函数系数的理论确定方法

用数值模拟方法对一四股流板翅式换热器分别施加流量、进口温度的阶跃变化,获得其出口温度动态的响应曲线;用理论方法研究了其传染函数的系数,从而得到了四股流换热器的传递函数,并对其结果进行了分析,所得的四股流板翅式换热器的传递函数系数炎其自动控制试验提供了理论依据。     

错流板翅式换热器分布参数模型构建和优化研究

为了研究多股流错流板翅式换热器的流动换热性能,基于MATLAB编程,考虑隔板中轴向和横向导热效应,构建了错流板翅式换热器的三维分布参数模型,程序模拟结果和热动实验台三股流板翅式换热器的实验结果的吻合程度良好。分析了错流板翅式换热器整体结构参数和工况参数对换热量和泵功消耗的影响。结果表明,针对所研究的三股流错流换热器,单位泵功换热量存在极值,它先随着A流体(大流量冷流体)流量的增加而增加,当A流体流量增加至1 300 kg/h时,又随着A流体流量的增加而减少。对换热器设置4种不同xy面(底面)投影面积分别进行分析,结果表明,维持xy面投影面积不变而变化换热器一边长度,换热量基本不发生变化,但是当换热器y边长度(A流体流动方向长度)为0.15～0.20 m时,泵功消耗最低,单位泵功换热量最大。该研究可为错流板翅式换热器的优化工况选择和高效紧凑设计提供理论指导。     

支路数对热泵空调中冷凝和蒸发两用换热器性能的影响

在空气的进口状态和流量、换热器的几何结构尺寸、管路排布方式等相同时，研究了支路数对蒸发和冷凝两用换热器流动与传热性能的影响规律．结果表明：随支路数增多，空气与制冷剂间的传热温差会增大，但总传热系数却会变小；室内换热器作蒸发器时，换热量先升后降，最小值比最大值小23．2％，存在使换热量最大的最佳支路数，在支路数小于或大于最佳支路数时，换热量的主导因素分别为传热温差与总传热系数；室内换热器作冷凝器时，换热量随支路数增多单调递减，最小值比最大值小40．55％，总传热系数始终是制约换热量的主导因素．因此，为协调并同时提高制冷、制热循环的效率，需要优化热泵系统中换热器的支路数．     

低温差斯特林发动机热力学分析

在低温差斯特林发动机的功率预测和参数优化分析中，传统的分析方法并不实用。为了快速准确地预估低温差斯特林发动机的输出功率，文中研究二阶Simple模型在低温差斯特林发动机的热力学循环分析中的应用。描述了低温差斯特林发动机的简化结构模型与内部工质的温度特性，基于Simple模型推导低温差斯特林发动机中非理想换热器的实际换热方程式，分析发动机的回热损失、泵送损失和换热器实际换热量。通过实例计算说明低温差斯特林发动机系统内部工质的温度、压力和能量随曲柄转角的变化，分析低温差斯特林发动机的理论输出功率。将低温差斯特林发动机在不同加热温度下的实际输出功率与Simple模型的计算功率对比，对比结果显示，Simple模型计算的输出功率与实际输出功率之间的误差较小，表明Simple模型与低温差斯特林发动机的实际循环吻合较好。为了研究低温差斯特林发动机中回热器对发动机性能的影响，文中优化了低温差斯特林发动机的回热器结构，将回热器优化后的实际输出功率和Simple模型计算功率，与回热器优化前的实际输出功率和Simple模型计算功率对比。对比结果显示，优化回热器后的低温差斯特林发动机的实际输出功率与Simpl...     

基于火积的乏风催化装置换热器网络优化

以自主设计组装的乏风瓦斯预热直流催化装置预热系统为研究对象，基于热力学定律与火积分析理论，建立系统换热器网络热导系数模型，研究特定参数范围内最高运行温度、循环温差变化对换热器网络热导系数的影响。结果表明：当总热导系数大于某值时，随着最高运行温度的升高和循环温差的降低，总热导系数大幅下降；当总热导系数小于该值时，参数变化对其影响不再明显。鉴于此提出阈值优化概念，以一级预热系统为例，对比原设计值，采用阈值优化值作为设计参数时系统换热器网络对应总热导系数下降20.2%，热容流下降23.9%；对比以最小总热导系数为目标的优化，阈值优化能结合系统实际运行需求，以增加12.5%总热导系数换取热容流下降39.1%。     

换热器温差场均匀性分析

结合顺,逆流换热器,对温差场的均匀程度进行了研究,提示了传热效能与温差场不均匀因子之间的关联式,该式的计算结果与有关文献数值计算的结果符合较好。在相同传热单元数和热容量流比的情况下,换热器的温差场越均匀,其传热效能越高,验证了温差场均匀性原则的正确性。     

真实场景下换流变压器空冷换热器换热能力提升

为保障高压直流输电换流站内换流变压器的安全稳定运行,需明确影响换流变压器空冷换热器换热能力的主要因素,并对其影响机制开展深入研究。针对某北方高压直流输电换流站内换流变压器的空冷换热器,通过数值建模与计算分析,研究了真实场景下周围墙体对空冷换热器换热能力的影响规律,提出了能够提升换热能力的技术方案。结果表明,由于降噪墙及地面的影响,下侧换热器将旁侧换热器的部分出流热风吸入,从而使得其进风温度高于环境温度,整个换热器的实际换热量比理论值低19.7%;在空冷换热器与降噪墙的间距为1.2~2.2 m、相对高度为0.2~3.0 m时,存在最优位置使空冷换热器换热效果最佳,此时换热量相对原始位置增加4.8%。     

板翅式换热器动态特性的试验研究

建立了可进行两股及多股流换热器动态特性试验研究的装置．对一．个两股流板翅式换热器施加流量按阶跃变化、进口温度按指数函数变化的时间域扰动信号，进行了动态试验．得到了换热器动态模型对流量扰动可接线性建模的扰动范围，确定了各股流体对进口温度扰动的响应延滞时间的计算公式．对换热器进行了一系列的动态特性测试，并获得其动态响应过程曲线．试验工况的传热单元数范围为０．６～３，雷诺数为２００～２０００，普朗特数为２～７．试验数据为建立完善的理论模型提供了可对比的依据．     

燃气辐射管换热器的结构优化与数值模拟

为解决W型燃气辐射管换热器排烟温度高的问题,设计了三种改进换热器性能的结构,采用ANSYS FLUENT软件进行数值模拟,得到了不同结构换热器的性能参数,如烟气出口温度、空气预热温度、压力损失、各换热面换热量和有无折流板的热阻变化.结果表明,中心空气管由一根φ79 mm粗管改为六根φ33 mm细管后换热量增加了57.6%,增设烟气双行程后换热量提高20.7%.增设密封折流板和多孔折流板后换热量分别增加了5.7%和5.3%,空气和烟气之间的热阻都降低了20%左右.多孔折流板的烟气压力损失比密封折流板低47.4%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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